Dissolution of wax in kerosene

Answer:

2679.5 seconds  or 2679.5 / 60 = 44.66 minutes to produce 2 dm3 of chlorine gas.

Explanation:

To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to current. Therefore, it will take 44.66 minutes to produce  2 dm³ of chlorine gas by passing 6A current through concentrated sodium chloride solution.

When an electrical current continually runs in a single direction, it is said to be in direct current. Rectifiers, batteries, generators using commutators, and fuel cells all generate direct current. A flashlight or an appliance powered by batteries, for instance, both use direct current.

Among the most crucial subjects addressed in physics is AC, DC current. A form of electrical current known as an alternating current, sometimes known as an AC current, is one in which the direction of electron flow changes periodically.

2679.5 / 60 = 44.66 minutes to produce 2 dm3 of chlorine gas by passing a 6A current through concentrated sodium chloride solution.

Therefore, it will take 44.66 minutes to produce  2 dm³ of chlorine gas by passing 6A current through concentrated sodium chloride solution.

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Explanation:

A narrow street or passageway between or behind city buildings. Alley is defined as a place in between something, relating to sports. An example of an alley the place on a tennis court between the sideline and service sideline. An example of an alley is the place between two outfielders on a baseball field.

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The family (group) of elements that have a valence-level electron configuration of 1 are alkali metals. Hence, the answer is option C.

A group or family in the periodic table consists of all the elements arranged in a single vertical column. There are eighteen groups in total. Elements in the same group tend to have the same chemical properties because they contain the same number of electrons in their outermost shells (valence electrons).

Elements in the first group or group 1 have only one electron in their outermost shell. They are known as alkali metals. They are called alkali metals because they react with water to form bases or alkali. These metals must be stored under oil as they are very reactive and easily react with air and water.

Alkali metals are also very electropositive and form ions by giving out their one valence electron, carrying a charge of +1. The three alkali metals are Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K), with Potassium being the most electropositive.

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For vacancy diffusion, an atom must have sufficient activation energy to break bonds with neighboring atoms and move to an adjacent vacancy.

In solids, vacancy diffusion occurs when atoms move through crystal structures by jumping from one lattice site to another. To make such a move, an atom needs enough energy to overcome the bonding forces holding it in its current position. This energy is known as the activation energy.

By possessing sufficient activation energy, an atom can break its bonds with neighboring atoms, creating a temporary vacancy or defect in the lattice. The atom can then migrate to an adjacent lattice site or vacancy, filling the empty space.

The activation energy required for vacancy diffusion depends on the strength of the atomic bonds and the nature of the crystal structure. Higher activation energies are typically associated with stronger bonds, making diffusion less likely to occur at lower temperatures. As temperature increases, atoms acquire greater thermal energy, increasing the probability of overcoming the activation energy barrier and facilitating vacancy diffusion.

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The ATP-PC creation pathway does not require oxygen. This is because it is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

The ATP-PC pathway is one of the body's energy systems used during high-intensity exercise. It involves the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC) to create ATP, the body's primary energy source. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and does not require oxygen, making it an anaerobic process. This pathway is important for activities that require short bursts of energy, such as sprinting or weightlifting. However, it is limited in its duration and capacity to produce ATP. Once the PC stores are depleted, the body must switch to another energy system, such as glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation, to continue producing ATP.

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Answer:

I think it's AUGCAGAAUGCGAUACAG

Answer:

The reactants have more heat energy than the products.

Explanation:

The reactants in an exothermic reaction have higher potential heat energy than the products, this is because they release the energy as heat.

Answer:

just took test is the reactants have more heat

Explanation:

It requires 7458 calories of heat to raise the temperature of 225 grams of water from 10.5°C to 43.7°C.

To calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance, we can use the formula Q = m * C * ΔT, where Q represents the heat, m is the mass of the substance, C is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this case, we have 225 grams of water, a specific heat capacity of 1.00 cal/g°C, and a temperature change of 33.2°C (from 10.5°C to 43.7°C).

Plugging these values into the formula:

Q = 225 g * 1.00 cal/g°C * 33.2°C

Q = 7458 cal

Therefore, it requires 7458 calories of heat to raise the temperature of 225 grams of water from 10.5°C to 43.7°C.

This calculation is based on the specific heat capacity of water, which is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of water by 1°C per gram. The specific heat capacity of water is relatively high compared to other substances, which is why it takes a significant amount of heat to raise its temperature.

It's important to note that the specific heat capacity of water can vary slightly with temperature, but for practical purposes, we often assume a constant value of 1.00 cal/g°C.

By using the given values and the formula for heat, we can accurately determine the amount of heat required for this specific temperature change in the given mass of water.

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The strength of a covalent bond does not affect the evaporative change in temperature of a molecule.

Evaporative cooling occurs when the most energetic molecules at the surface of a liquid escape into the gas phase, taking their kinetic energy with them. The strength of the covalent bond within a molecule does not affect its ability to evaporate, as this process is driven by the kinetic energy of the individual molecules and their interactions with the surrounding environment.

The other molecular properties listed in the question, such as surface area, polarity, size, and strength of intermolecular forces, can affect the evaporative cooling process. For example, molecules with larger surface areas tend to evaporate more slowly than smaller molecules because they have more intermolecular forces holding them in the liquid phase.

Similarly, molecules with stronger intermolecular forces or greater polarity will require more energy to overcome these forces and evaporate, leading to a lower rate of evaporation and less evaporative cooling.

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Radiation occurs when an electron in an atom jumps from a lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital.

Define electrons.

The elementary electric charge of the electron is a negative one, making it a subatomic particle. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically regarded to be elementary particles.

Energy released by matter as rays or swift particles is known as radiation. Atoms make up all physical matter. The nucleus of an atom includes tiny particles called protons and neutrons, and the outer shell of the atom is made up of other particles called electrons.

An electron loses a significant portion of its energy through a radiative nuclear interaction at extremely high speeds.

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Any molecule can be represented by a formula that lists all the atoms in that molecule. Each element is represented by its atomic symbol in the Periodic Table – e.g. H for hydrogen, Ca for calcium. If more than one atom of a particular element is present, then it’s indicated by a number in subscript after the atomic symbol — for example, H2O means there are 2 atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen.

If there is more than one of whole groups of atoms, then that’s shown with a bracket around them. For example, calcium hydroxide has one calcium (Ca) for every two hydroxides (OH), so is written as Ca(OH)2.

If a charge is present, it’s indicated in superscript, with a sign (+/-) and a number if more than one charge is present. For example, calcium ions have two positive charges so are written Ca2+.

Sometimes a formula can be written in a way that gives an indication of the structure. A chemical equation shows a reaction taking place. On the left-hand side are the reactants, the molecules that take part in the reaction. On the right-hand side are the products, the molecules that are created in the reaction. Each side must contain the same number of each kind of atom. An arrow between them indicates the direction the reaction is expected to occur:

Ca + Cl2 → CaCl2

Calcium + chlorine → Calcium chloride

If there are two or more of any molecules, that’s indicated with a number in front of the molecule:

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

One methane molecule + two oxygen molecules → one carbon dioxide molecule and two water molecules

An equation may sometimes specify which phase each molecule is in – whether it’s solid, liquid, or gas, or if it’s dissolved. This is written in brackets after the molecule – (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas, and (aq) for ‘aqueous’, meaning dissolved in water. For example, solid calcium carbonate reacts with carbonic acid in water to form calcium bicarbonate, which is much more soluble so becomes dissolved in water:

CaCO3 (s) + H2CO3 (aq) → Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)

Solid calcium carbonate + dissolved carbonic acid → dissolved calcium bicarbonate

All chemical reactions can actually proceed in either direction. Most of the time, one direction is expected to take place more strongly, so the arrow is written in that direction. However, many common reactions happen in both directions simultaneously, creating an equilibrium where the reactions are taking place but there is no net change in concentration from one side to the other. This is indicated with the symbol ⇌.

For example, carbonic acid in water is continually breaking down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions – but the ions are also continually joining back together.

H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3– + H+

Carbonic acid ⇌ bicarbonate + hydrogen ions

The solute that maintains the medullary interstitial fluid osmotic gradient in the kidneys is urea. Urea is a waste product formed during the breakdown of proteins in the liver and is excreted through urine.

It plays a crucial role in the concentration of urine and the maintenance of water balance within the body. In the kidneys, the medullary interstitial fluid is important for the process of urine concentration.

The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water, allowing water to move out of the tubules and into the interstitial fluid. However, the ascending limb is impermeable to water but actively transports solutes such as sodium and chloride out of the tubules.

As sodium and chloride ions are transported out of the ascending limb, urea is left behind, increasing its concentration in the medullary interstitial fluid.

This high concentration of urea creates an osmotic gradient, which is essential for the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts. The osmotic gradient allows water to move out of the collecting ducts and into the surrounding interstitial fluid, leading to concentrated urine.

In conclusion, urea is the solute that helps maintain the medullary interstitial fluid osmotic gradient in the kidneys. Its presence in high concentrations in the medullary interstitial fluid is crucial for the concentration of urine and the regulation of water balance within the body.

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Acids and bases are chemical substances with contrasting properties. Acids taste sour, turn litmus paper red, and have a low pH. Bases taste bitter, turn litmus paper blue, and have a high pH. When an acid and a base react, they form a salt and water, resulting in a neutral solution.

Acids and bases are fundamental concepts in chemistry. Acids have a sour taste, such as vinegar or lemon juice, and turn litmus paper red. They also have a low pH value, indicating a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). On the other hand, bases have a bitter taste, like soap or baking soda, and turn litmus paper blue.

Bases have a high pH value, indicating a low concentration of hydrogen ions and a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-). When an acid and a base react, they undergo a neutralization reaction, resulting in the formation of a salt and water. The salt is composed of a cation from the base and an anion from the acid. The resulting solution is neutral, with a pH of 7. Examples of salts include sodium chloride (table salt) and calcium carbonate (chalk). Alkalis are a type of base that can dissolve in water, forming hydroxide ions.

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Answer: C. that there may be more than one way to interpret data

Enge 2020 C is the correct answer

Answer:

carbon oxygen

Explanation:

Answer:

A chemical formula is an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements.

Explanation:

The enthalpy change of neutralization in kJ mol−1 is given as -57.15 kJ mol−1.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J g−1 K−1. What is neutralization? A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base that forms salt and water as products. What is enthalpy change? The heat energy exchanged between a system and its surroundings during a chemical reaction is known as enthalpy change. Specific heat capacity is a measure of a substance's heat capacity or thermal conductivity. It is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Enthalpy change of neutralization = - Heat released (kJ) / Number of moles of acid

Heat released (kJ) = Mass of water × specific heat capacity × temperature rise= 100 g × 4.18 J g−1 K−1 × 3.6

K= 1504.8 J= 1.5048 kJ

Therefore, Number of moles of acid = mass of acid / molar mass of acid= 1 g / 36.5 g mol−1= 0.0274 mol

Therefore, Enthalpy change of neutralization = -1.5048 kJ / 0.0274 mol= -57.15 kJ mol−1

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Answer:

Explanation:

1. The element you selected is Sodium. some of the physical properties are

i. Sodium has a strong metallic lustre

ii. Sodium are usually silver white in color

iii. Sodium is soft it can be cut with knife

iv. Sodium are malleable and ductile.

v.  Sodium conduct electricity

Sodium belong to group 1 elements which are called Alkali metals. Sodium have one valency electron and it gives this electron easily during bonding . This is one reason sodium and other alkali metals are very reactive. Sodium can instantly be oxidized by water.  Sodium has a relative atomic mass of approximately 23 amu.

2. There are various models that describe atoms .This models includes John Dalton models, J.J Thompson model, Ernest Rutherford model, Bohr's models etc. This models made us understand the role and location of each sub atomic particles. The models shed more light on subatomic particles like electron which revolve around the nucleus.  It provide more information on what contribute to the weight of an atom.

3. The proton , neutron and electron are subatomic particles of an atom. The proton and the neutron are located at the nucleus of an atom.  The proton and neutron contributes majorly to the weight of an atom. The proton is positively charge while neutron has no charge.

Electron is found to move around the nucleus in cloud. The electron is negatively charge. The electron determines bonding of atoms. An atom is electrically neutral if the number of proton is equal to the number of electron.

4. The four fundamental forces includes weak nuclear forces , strong nuclear forces , gravity and electromagnetic forces.

Weak nuclear forces is responsible for particle decay .Nuclear forces don't play a role in chemical reaction . If they are involve in a reaction it becomes nuclear reaction not chemical reaction.

Strong nuclear forces causes a strong nuclear interaction and it is the strongest among the 4 fundamental forces. This strong force only operate when subatomic particles are much closer to each other.

Gravity force is too weak to affect chemical reaction much. The gravity forces involves the interaction between two objects with energy and mass.

The electromagnetic force act between charged particles like negatively charged electron and positively charged proton. Electromagnetic force is the most important force in chemical bonding as it depends on the arrangement of atoms and the state of their electron. Electromagnetic forces exist in various forms like the covalent bond, metallic, ionic , dipole dipole, hydrogen bonds and many more. The major force involve in chemical bonding is the electromagnetic force.

The third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: solid.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). This law implies that at absolute zero, a perfectly ordered and pure crystalline solid will have zero entropy.

The third law of thermodynamics is not specific to liquids or gases but applies to solids. In a solid, the molecules are highly ordered and have fixed positions in a regular lattice structure. As the temperature decreases towards absolute zero, the thermal motion of the molecules reduces, and the system becomes more ordered, resulting in a decrease in entropy.

In contrast, liquids and gases have higher entropy compared to solids at absolute zero because their molecules have more freedom of movement and are not as tightly arranged. Therefore, the third law of thermodynamics specifically addresses the entropy of solids and does not apply to liquids or gases.

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Answer:

covalent

Explanation:

2.745 moles of lead will react with 5.49 moles of fluorine to produce 2.745 moles of lead(IV) fluoride, according to the balanced equation.

What is Balanced Chemical Equation?

A balanced chemical equation is a written representation of a chemical reaction, with the number and type of atoms on both sides of the equation being equal. This means that the mass and charge are conserved in a chemical reaction.

A balanced chemical equation contains the reactants on the left side of the equation and the products on the right side, separated by an arrow indicating the direction of the reaction. The coefficients in front of the chemical formulas indicate the number of molecules or moles of each reactant or product involved in the reaction.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and fluorine to form lead(IV) fluoride is:

1 Pb + 2 F₂ → 1 PbF₄

According to the equation, it takes 1 mole of lead (Pb) to react with 2 moles of fluorine (F₂) to produce 1 mole of lead(IV) fluoride (PbF₄).

If 5.49 moles of fluorine react, we need half as many moles of lead, since the mole ratio of lead to fluorine is 1:2. Therefore, the amount of lead required is:

5.49 moles F₂ × (1 mole Pb / 2 moles F₂) = 2.745 moles Pb

So 2.745 moles of lead will react with 5.49 moles of fluorine to produce 2.745 moles of lead(IV) fluoride, according to the balanced equation.

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Answer:

gravitational potential energy doesnt change srry the other one as in explaining it

Salt in each of the following groups will the solubility depend on pH  is AgF, AgCl, and AgBr

Solubility depends on the pH of salts in the following groups: Group 1: The solubility of carbonates, hydroxides, and sulfates is a function of pH. Group 2: The solubility of sulfides, hydroxides, and sulfites is a function of pH.Group 3: The solubility of sulfides, carbonates, and hydroxides is a function of pH.Group 4: The solubility of sulfides, hydroxides, and sulfites is a function of pH.Group 5: The solubility of sulfides, hydroxides, and sulfites is a function of pH.Group 6: The solubility of sulfides, carbonates, and hydroxides is a function of pH.

A salt is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Salts can be made up of a variety of ions, which can affect their solubility in water. Salts containing anions that can act as weak bases are usually more soluble in acidic solutions than in basic solutions. Salts with anions that can act as strong bases are usually more soluble in basic solutions than in acidic solutions. AgF, AgCl, and AgBr are the salts in each of the groups mentioned above that will have solubility dependent on pH. They contain halide ions, which can act as weak bases. The solubility of these salts in water is thus determined by the pH of the solution.

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Answer:

Zinc mercury transition metal

Silicon boron metalloid

Oxygen nitrogen non metal

Sodium alkali metal

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Because it is the responding variable because you are looking for the weight or the amoount of salt in the water.

The dependent variable in this experiment number of plants living in the water.

Given:

An experiment design to test the effect of salt on the number of plants that live in water

To find:

The dependent variable in the experiment.

Solution:

We have two variables:

S = Amount of salt in water

P = Number of plants living in the water

This is because the amount of salt present in water is irrespective of the plants living in the water.

This is because the number of plants living in the water is gets affected by the amount of salt present in the water.

The dependent variable in this experiment number of plants living in the water.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

Dalton's atomic theory are: Everything is composed of atoms, which are the indivisible building blocks of matter and cannot be destroyed. All atoms of an element are identical. The atoms of different elements vary in size and mass.

Dalton's atomic theory opines that atoms of the same element are identical in size, mass, and other properties and are different from atoms of other elements.

In addition, Dalton theorized that atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, and they are the smallest indivisible particle of elements.

He also proposed that atoms of different elements are also able to combine in whole number ratio to form compounds.

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Answer: the answer is C

Explanation:

Answer:

The Oxygen atoms in iron oxide have more mass than the iron atoms in pure iron

Explanation:

When iron rusts and forms iron oxide, the iron oxide has more mass than the iron because the iron atoms in iron oxide have more mass than pure iron.

Pure iron contains only iron atoms and nothing else. It is a pure substance.

Iron has an atomic mass of 56 while oxygen has an atomic mass of 16. It follows that iron has a greater mass than oxygen.

However, in iron oxide, iron combines with oxygen to form Fe2O3. There are two iron atoms and three oxygen atoms in Fe2O3.

Three oxygen atoms have a total mass of 48g while two iron atoms has a total mass of 112g.

It the follows that, when iron rusts and forms iron oxide, the iron oxide has more mass than the iron because the iron atoms in iron oxide have more mass than pure iron.

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Answer:

D. 108g of water

Explanation:

16g CH4 produces 2(18)g of H20

1g CH4 produces \(\frac{36}{16}\)g of H2O

48g CH4 produces \(\frac{36}{16}\)×48

                                108g of H20

Answer:

D. 108g of water

Explanation:

Answer:

A) The substance is in the gas phase only in "region 5".

B) The substance is in both the liquid and solid phase in "region 2"

C) The substance is only in the liquid phase in "region 3".

D) The melting point is the temperature at "region 2".

E) The boiling point is the temperature at "region 4".

Explanation:

The graph is a graph of the solid, liquid, vapour phase change diagram.

In phase 1, the substance is ice which is the solid phase.

In phase 2,it undergoes melting in a forward reaction.

In phase 3, the melting from phase 2 has now changed to water which is liquid phase.

In phase 4, the substance is undergoing a forward reaction known as evaporation.

In phase 5, the evaporation from stage 4 will turn the liquid into vapour known as the gas phase.

A) The substance is in the gas phase only in "region 5".

B) The substance is in both the liquid and solid phase in "region 2"

C) The substance is only in the liquid phase in "region 3".

D) The melting point is the temperature at "region 2".

E) The boiling point is the temperature at "region 4".

The change of state of a substance occurs when heat is either added or removed from the substance.

Change of state is a process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another due to heat changes.

From the graph given:

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