Discuss the major aspects of the Data Link Layer in relation to framing. Make sure you cover aspects about the need for it and the different ways the sender can use to create frames, and then the receiver can use to extract the frames correctly before performing any other functionality of the Data Link layer on the extracted frames, for example, a normal method of EDC (error detection correction). Note: Your total answer should have a maximum of 350 words. [12 marks]
Answers
The Data Link Layer plays a crucial role in network communication by providing framing, which involves dividing the data stream into manageable frames. Framing is necessary to delineate the boundaries of each frame and ensure reliable transmission between the sender and receiver.
To create frames, the sender can employ different methods. One common approach is the use of a special character sequence called a start delimiter, which marks the beginning of each frame. The sender then adds control information, such as the destination and source addresses, to the frame. To ensure data integrity, the sender may also include error detection and correction (EDC) codes, such as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), which allows the receiver to detect and correct errors.
On the receiving end, the receiver's task is to extract the frames correctly from the incoming data stream. It does so by searching for the start delimiter to identify the beginning of each frame. The receiver then reads the control information to determine the destination and source addresses, which helps with proper routing. Additionally, the receiver utilizes the EDC codes to detect and correct any transmission errors that may have occurred during the data transfer.
Overall, framing in the Data Link Layer ensures efficient and error-free communication between network devices. It allows for the reliable transmission of data by dividing it into smaller, manageable units called frames. The sender constructs the frames by adding control information and EDC codes, while the receiver extracts and processes the frames by identifying the start delimiter and utilizing the control information and EDC codes for error detection and correction.
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Related Questions
to view a page break indicator you must
Answers
To view a page break indicator, you must have content loaded on the page. A page break indicator is a symbol or line that appears in a document or webpage to show where one page ends and the next one begins.
It is typically used when printing or formatting documents, so it is important to ensure that all content is loaded before attempting to view the page break indicator. In some cases, you may need to adjust your settings or zoom in on the page to see the indicator clearly. Additionally, different programs and platforms may have different methods for displaying page break indicators, so it is important to consult your specific software or browser for more information.
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When is the possibility of solar weather affecting terrestrial weather the highest?(1 point)
during solar minimum
during solar minimum
during the solar cycle
during the solar cycle
during solar maximum
during solar maximum
during Total Solar Irradiance
during Total Solar Irradiance
Answers
The possibility of solar weather affecting terrestrial weather the highest is option c: during solar maximum.
Does solar weather have an effect on terrestrial weather?There are different forms of weather on Earth, this is one that ranges from the surface of the planet out unto the outer space.
Note that Space weather as well as terrestrial weather are known to be influenced by the little alterations that the Sun undergoes during its solar cycle.
Hence, The possibility of solar weather affecting terrestrial weather the highest is option c: during solar maximum.
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having the latest version of software products can make your system more reliable, you can clean out unnecessary programs from your startup folder and when you defrag your hard drive, it works more efficiently are all related to assuring what?
Answers
Defrag. Your HDD will grow increasingly fragmented over time as you store and remove files from it (defragging a SSD is not necessary). Your HDD will have to work harder because of the fragmentation, which could slow down your computer.
Which technique is employed by memory to enhance disk performance?Items in the memory are reorganized via defragmentation, which joins processes and empty spaces to create contiguous spaces.Six crucial elements that affect the performance of hard drivesTrue Capacity Given that hard drives are frequently used for data storage, one of their most important characteristics is capacity. ...Rate of Transfer. A hard drive's read/write data speed is referred to as its transfer rate. Rotational Speed, Cache, Average, and Access Period, Interface Type, etc.To learn more about Defrag refer to:
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The electric field strength between the plates of a simple air capacitor is equal to the voltage across the plates divided by the distance between them. When a voltage of is put across the plates of such a capacitor an electric field strength of is measured. Write an equation that will let you calculate the distance between the plates. Your equation should contain only symbols. Be sure you define each symbol.
Answers
The electric field strength between the plates of a simple air capacitor is equal to the voltage across the plates divided by the distance between them. When a voltage of is put across the plates of such a capacitor an electric field strength of is measured. The equation that will let you calculate the distance between the plates is d = V/E
In a parallel plate capacitor, the electric field strength between the plates is given by:
E= V/ d
where
The potential difference is V.
d represents the separation between the plates.
Rearranging the formula yields a new equation that allows us to compute d:
d= V/E
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the emerging trends in microcomputer technology in relation to size
Answers
Miniaturisation, decreased power consumption, higher computing power, and the integration of numerous functionalities into a single chip or device are emerging themes in microcomputer technology.
What are the three new social trends that computers are bringing about?AI, edge computing, and quantum computing are some of the most recent trends in computer science. The latest developments in robotics and cybersecurity are also taught to IT professionals.
What are the two newest trends and technologies?Spatial computing and the spatial web, digital persistence, multientity environments, decentralisation technology, high-speed, low-latency networking, sensor technologies, and AI applications are just a few of the new, enabling technologies and trends.
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How was the addition of an improvement over early web design?
Webpages could finally incorporate tables into the design.
Webpage layout could finally format content blocks separately.
Webpage layouts were finally designed using HTML code.
Webpages could finally incorporate images as layout elements.
Answers
Answer- B: Webpage layout could finally format content blocks separately.
Explanation: Found it on Quizlet.
Answer:
Webpage layout could finally format content blocks separately.
Explanation: this the answer on edge.
the programmer usually enters source code into a computer using
Answers
The programmer usually enters source code into a computer using a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE).
Source code refers to the collection of computer instructions written in a programming language that a computer programmer utilizes to create a computer software program, application, or operating system.
It is often written in a human-readable programming language that is subsequently translated into machine code, which is computer-readable and executable.
The source code is frequently entered into a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE) by a programmer.
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Jemima has finished formatting her main headings. She now wants to format her two subheadings. She wants to apply the format of her first subheading, not the format of the main heading, to the second subheading. Which feature of Word would help her to complete this task efficiently?
Answers
Answer:
the Format Painter feature
Answer:
the format painter feature
Explanation:
Using Internet resources, find at least five organizations that offer Software as a Service (SaaS). How do their services benefit their users?
Answers
Answer:
1. Antenna Software
2. Cloud9 Analytics
3. CVM Solutions
4. Exoprise Systems
5. GageIn
Explanation:
1. Antenna Software - It has five gateways to routes and manages all transactions between the mobile applications and backend systems
2. Cloud9 Analytics - manages the warehouse separately from the solutions
3. CVM Solutions - Enables users to "clean" supplier information and to centralize and standardize information
4. Exoprise Systems - It avoid use of complex database and Web servers
5. GageIn - It uses Networking and social tools to connect users and facilitate communications
Answer:
1. Antenna Software
2. Cloud9 Analytics
3. CVM Solutions
4. Exoprise Systems
5. GageIn
Explanation:
What is the primary purpose of endnotes?
to provide information on a source used to create a document
to identify the sources on each page of a document in the form of links
to provide additional information that does not fit in the main body of the text
to mark a location in a document to make it easier to navigate to that location
Answers
Answer:
They acknowledge the source of a quotation, paraphrase, or summary; and (2) They provide explanatory comments that would interrupt the flow of the main text.so its B
Answer:
A. to provide information on a source used to create a document
Explanation:
EDGE 2021 :)
Which options allow users to modify the existing data in a report?
Report or Create
Create or Design View
Design view or Layout view
Print Preview or Report
Answers
Answer:
the answer is print preview
Explanation:
because i just tried both answers givin they were both wrong
Please help ASAP! This is Java and is from a beginner's comp sci class!
Assignment Details;
Write a program that creates a basic "number histogram".
First, create an array with 25 elements, like this (use this variable name):
int[] data = new int[25];
Using a for loop, change the value at each index in data to a randomly generated integer from 0 - 9 . The data array should contain different values every time your program runs.
Declare and initialize a second array that will represent the histogram:
int[] histogram = new int[10];
histogram will store the number of times each number (0-9) occurs in data. Your solution should ideally NOT use ten if statements inside the loop (e.g. if (data[i] == 0), if (data[i] == 1), ...) – you need to think with arrays! Given a data array containing the values: [9, 8, 2, 8, 1, 1, 8, 5, 0, 4, 5, 5, 0, 5, 8, 8, 1, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8, 2, 5, 0]
your program would output the following (it should change each time it runs):
0 - occurred 3 time(s)
1 - occurred 3 time(s)
2 - occurred 2 time(s)
3 - occurred 0 time(s)
4 - occurred 2 time(s)
5 - occurred 6 time(s)
6 - occurred 0 time(s)
7 - occurred 1 time(s)
8 - occurred 6 time(s)
9 - occurred 2 time(s)
Answers
Answer:
import java.util.Random;
public class NumberHistogram {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] data = new int[25];
Random rand = new Random();
// Fill data array with random numbers from 0-9
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
data[i] = rand.nextInt(10);
}
int[] histogram = new int[10];
// Count occurrences of each number in data and store in histogram array
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
histogram[data[i]]++;
}
// Print histogram
for (int i = 0; i < histogram.length; i++) {
System.out.println(i + " - occurred " + histogram[i] + " time(s)");
}
}
}
Explanation:
This program uses a for loop to fill the data array with random integers between 0 and 9, and then uses another for loop to count the occurrences of each number in data and store the counts in the histogram array. Finally, the program uses a third for loop to print out the histogram.
The test variable in this program is the randomly generated integers in the data array. The outcome variable is the histogram of the occurrences of each number in the data array. The control variable is the fixed range of integers from 0 to 9.
Note that this solution uses an array to avoid using ten if statements inside the loop. Instead, it uses the current element of the data array as an index into the histogram array and increments the corresponding element. This way, the counts for each number are automatically tallied without needing to check each possible value.
The sheep in the image below is an example of which of the following?
balanced space
positive space
negative space
neutral space
Answers
Answer:
balanced space.
Explanation:
This is a edu guess.
What is the correct format of timestamping (Change of a Speaker)?
Answers
Answer:
Timestamps are in the format [HH:MM:SS] where HH, MM, and SS are hours, minutes, and seconds from the beginning of the audio or video file.
PLS HELP! Prompt
What is exporting?
Answers
Answer:
spread or introduce (ideas and beliefs) to another country.
Explanation:
Exporting is sending goods or services to another country for money. For example, Japan exported $16 million worth of mussels, meaning they sold $16 million worth of mussels to another country. Hope this helps!
Write a program to output 3 lines of text with the following information:
Student's first and last name:
Class:
Born in:
Answer
Answers
Answer:
C LANG
#include <stdio.h>
// function main begins program execution
int main( void )
{
printf( "student's first name" );
} // end function main
PYTHON
student's name=''
born_date=''
class=''
print ('')
Explanation:
create an sql database rows and Columns then use sql commands to call any specific data if so :
(you have a complet database of students data)
SELECT born_date
FROM students
//(Call all students born_date )
//you can specify
********,*********
to create an sql table
CREATE TABLE students (
name char,
born_date int,
class int,
);
the technology used for any cellular communication that is portable. Criline wirwer| Carncethtive eraiketirg intelligence Causal research Matile technoloby Question 8 is repetitive interaction between a custemer and a specific brand. Cintomer lavalty Ontomer ergagemicot Customer rewards maragement Ethical maketine Question 9 Is the communication between the company and the customer that causes a reaction an inter Custamer engagement Ountomet tewartis manasement Customer value Cistomet lovalty Question 10 customers that have needs that can be met by the company and is a viable market to serve. Cavsal sesearch Target market Prace Ethical marketing:
Answers
Customer loyalty, customer engagement, and target market are all important concepts in marketing and business.
Question 8: Customer loyalty
Question 9: Customer engagement
Question 10: Target market
Question 8 refers to the repetitive interaction between a customer and a specific brand, which is known as customer loyalty. It indicates that the customer consistently chooses and supports a particular brand.
Question 9 involves the communication between the company and the customer that elicits a reaction or response from the customer. This is referred to as customer engagement, where the customer actively interacts with the company.
Question 10 pertains to customers who have specific needs that can be fulfilled by the company and represent a viable market segment to serve. This is known as the target market, which the company aims to target and cater to with its products or services.
In conclusion, customer loyalty, customer engagement, and target market are all important concepts in marketing and business. Understanding and effectively managing these aspects can contribute to the success and growth of a company.
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Please help!!
What does a for loop look for in the sequence of
data? Check all that apply
the first variable
the second variable
the third variable
the last variable
Answers
Answer:
The first and last variable
Explanation:
Answer:
A) the first variable and D) the last variable
Explanation:
because i said so, you're welcome !
What symbol goes at the end of every if/else statement in python?
Answers
A colon goes after every if/else statement in python. For instance:
if 1 < 5:
# do something.
As we can see, a colon is placed after the 5.
PLEASE HELP Due Today!
Write a paragraph explaining your opinion about the development of artificial intelligence. Minimum of five sentences.
Answers
Urm, well here!
In my opinion, I think artificial intelligence is helping and destroying our country. I think in a way artificial intelligence helps schools and many others who may have learning disabilities. Having an artificial intelligence can help you answer, when you’re scared. Although, the bad part about artificial intelligence is it taking over. We are humans and we should be the ones learning to become better.
Hope that’s okay luv!
Describe in 2-4 sentences how you would select a function on a spreadsheet.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
You would call the capacity from the primary. At that point execute your own factors to it. When the capacity is in the cell, you can copy and after that paste it into another cell to do a similar capacity for that diverse scope of cells.
You would call the capacity from the primary. At that point execute your own factors to it. When the capacity is in the cell, you can copy and after that paste it into another cell to do a similar capacity for that diverse scope of cells.
What is spreadsheet?
A spreadsheet is a type of computer program used for organizing, calculating, analyzing, and storing data in tabular form. Spreadsheets were created as digital counterparts to traditional paper accounting spreadsheets.
The data entered into a table's cells is what the program uses to run. Each cell may include text, numeric data, or formula results that automatically calculate and display values based on the contents of neighboring cells.
Users of spreadsheets can change any stored value and watch the changes in calculated values. This enables quick investigation of numerous scenarios without the need for manual recalculation, making the spreadsheet helpful for "what-if" study.
Therefore, You would call the capacity from the primary. At that point execute your own factors to it. When the capacity is in the cell, you can copy and after that paste it into another cell to do a similar capacity for that diverse scope of cells.
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9. On average, how many customers are on hold in a two-server model? 10. How many employees are required to meet the account management department’s goal?
Answers
The formula for computing the average number of customers on hold in a two-server model is given by
Lq = (ρ² + ρ) / (1 - ρ)²
Where Lq is the expected number of customers on hold andρ is the utilization rate.
The probability of both servers being occupied at the same time, in a two-server model, is given by:
P (both busy) = ρ²In a two-server model, the probability of only one server being occupied is given by:
P (one busy) = 2ρ (1-ρ)Hence, the utilization rate (ρ) is:
P (one busy) + P (both busy) = ρ² + 2ρ (1-ρ)ρ = 3P – 2P²
Therefore: Lq = [(3P-2P²)² + 3P – 2P²] / [1 – (3P – 2P²)]²Lq = [9P⁴ – 14P³ + 6P²] / (1-3P+2P²)²
In a two-server model, the formula for computing the average number of customers on hold is given by Lq = (ρ² + ρ) / (1 - ρ)². In addition, the utilization rate (ρ) can be calculated by using P (one busy) + P (both busy) = ρ² + 2ρ (1-ρ). The probability of both servers being occupied at the same time is P (both busy) = ρ², and the probability of only one server being occupied is P (one busy) = 2ρ (1-ρ). Therefore, the formula for computing Lq becomes Lq = [(3P-2P²)² + 3P – 2P²] / [1 – (3P – 2P²)]². 10. The formula for calculating the number of employees required to meet the account management department’s goal is given by:N = A / λ (1- P)
Where N is the number of employees required to meet the goal A is the target time for answering a call λ is the average number of calls per unit time P is the probability that a customer will receive a busy signal.
In a two-server model, the formula for computing the average number of customers on hold is Lq = (ρ² + ρ) / (1 - ρ)², and the number of employees required to meet the account management department’s goal can be calculated using the formula N = A / λ (1- P).
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An electric spreadsheet can perform all of the following tasks, except
A. Display information visually
B. Calculate data accurately
C. Plan worksheet objectives
D. Recalculate updated information
Answers
Answer:
C. Plan worksheet objectives
Explanation:
What is an "Expert System"?
If you can’t answer pls leave It
Answers
Answer:
program that use artifical intelligents
Explanation:
Expert system, a computer program that uses artificial-intelligence methods to solve problems within a specialized domain that ordinarily requires human expertise.
The process of verifying the credentials of a user is
Authentication
Authorization
Synchronization
Federation
Answers
Authentication is the process of examining a user's credentials.
The process of confirming a user's or system's identification is known as authentication. This may entail requesting credentials like a username and password or using alternative methods like biometric information or security tokens.
Authorization can start after authentication is finished. The process of deciding what level of access a user or system should have to resources or data based on their verified identities is known as authorization.
To guarantee that unauthorised access is prevented, this can involve defining user roles and permissions and implementing access restrictions.
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which cloud service model provides access to an application that is built, monitored, and offered by the cloud provider?
Answers
SaaS cloud service model provides access to an application that is built, monitored, and offered by the cloud provider.
What is cloud service?The term "cloud services" refers to a variety of IT tools and resources such as platforms, infrastructure, and software that are hosted by outside providers and made available to businesses and private individuals on demand over the internet. Therefore, the terms can be used interchangeably. They can also be referred to as cloud computing.
In order to achieve economies of scale, cloud services depend on resource sharing over the internet. Nine out of the top ten cloud service providers use Linux, making it the most popular operating system for cloud computing. It powers about 90% of the workload on public clouds.
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Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs.
Match the testing tools to their use.
Selenium
JMeter
load testing tool
functional testing tool
test management tool
defect-tracking tool
QTP
web browser automation tool
Quality Center
Bugzilla
Answers
Answer:
JMeter is a functional testing tool
services using the tcp/ip protocol can run only on their commonly used port number as specified in their original internet standard. True or False
Answers
False. Services using the TCP/IP protocol can run on any available port number, as long as it is not already in use by another service.
While there are commonly used port numbers specified in the original internet standard, these are not exclusive and can be used by multiple services or applications simultaneously. TCP/IP protocol can run on any available port number, including commonly used port numbers specified in the original internet standard. The important thing is to ensure that the port number is not already in use by another service or application. While some port numbers are associated with specific services, they are not exclusive and can be used by multiple services or applications simultaneously. This flexibility allows for greater versatility in networking and the ability to run multiple services on the same machine without conflicts.
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in what tab the translate button found
Answers
Answer:
Display the Review tab of the ribbon and click the Language tool and then click Translate. Click Translate Selection. Word displays the Translator pane. (A window may appear on the screen after clicking Translate Selection asking you to turn on Translation Services.)
Hope this helps : )
Where in OuickBooks Online Payroll can you approve time tracked in QuickBooks Time before running payroll? Payroll center > Overview tab > Approve time Gear icon > Payroll settings > Time > Approve time Payroll center > Time tab > Approve time Payroll center > Compliance tab > Approve time
Answers
In QuickBooks Online Payroll, the place where you can approve time tracked in QuickBooks Time before running payroll is the "Payroll center > Time tab > Approve time."
This option can be found in the Payroll Center section. To approve employee hours, follow these simple steps: Click on the Gear icon on the top right corner of your QuickBooks account and choose Payroll Settings. In the Payroll Settings window, click on Time from the left menu bar.
Then, click on the Approve Time option. Under the Approve Time page, select the employee whose time you want to approve for payroll. You can view the employee's name, total hours worked, and the number of hours in each pay period for each pay rate. Once you have reviewed the employee's hours, select the Approve button to approve their time for the current pay period and repeat the process for each employee. QuickBooks Online Payroll makes it easy for you to manage your employees' hours and make sure that payroll is accurate and efficient.
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