describe the law of conservation of momentum

The proeutectoid phase is \(\alpha\) - ferrite, total ferrite and cementite form are 5.62kg and 0.38kg, pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form are 2.52kg and 3.48kg..

The term "roeutectoid" refers to a phase that occurs during cooling before eutectoid austenite disintegrates. In that it is the first phase to form after the austenite phase, it is analogous to fundamental solids. Thus, proeutectoid ferrite will result from hypoeutectoid steel, and proeutectoid cementite from hypereutectoid steel.

We have,

m = 6kg

\(C_0\) = 0.45wt%C

T = 727 C

A) Proeutectoid phase is \(\alpha\) - ferrite.

B) From portion of the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram in Figure 9.31 we can find:

\(C_\alpha\) = 0.022

\(C_{Fe_3C}\) = 6.70

Calculating mass fraction:

\(W_\alpha = \frac{C_{Fe_3C}-C_o}{C_{Fe_3C}-C_\alpha } = \frac{6.70-0.45}{6.70-0.022}\)

\(W_\alpha\) = 0.936

Calculating how many kilograms each of total ferrite and cementite form::

\(M_\alpha =W_\alpha .m=0.936.6=5.62\)

\(M_{Fe_3C}=6-M_\alpha =6-5.62=0.38kg\)

C) We use the lever rule in conjunction with a tie line that extends from the phase boundary (0.022) to the eutectoid composition (0.76) in as much as pearlite is the transformation product of austenite having this composition:

\(W_P=\frac{T}{T=U} =\frac{0.45-0.022}{0.76-0.022} =0.58\)

Mass fraction of α-phase is equal to:

\(W_\alpha =1-W_P=0.42\)

Calculating how many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form:

\(M_\alpha =W_\alpha =0.42.6=2.52kg\\M_P=6-2.52=3.48kg\)

D) Schematically sketching the resulting microstructure:

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Electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal in photoelectric effect.

The photoelectric effect is the emission of electron from the surface of a metal when light is shone on the surface..

For electrons to be emitted, the light must have a certain frequency known as threshhold frequency.

Therefore, electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal in photoelectric effect.

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The principal quantum number of the electron with a radius of 0.4761 nm is 4.
To find the principal quantum number (n) of an electron with a radius of 0.4761 nm, we can use the formula for the radius of an electron in a hydrogen atom:

r = n² * a₀

where r is the radius, n is the principal quantum number, and a₀ is the Bohr radius (approximately 0.0529 nm).

To solve for n, we can rearrange the formula:

n = sqrt(r / a₀)

Now, plug in the given values:

n = sqrt(0.4761 nm / 0.0529 nm)

n ≈ 3.2

Since the principal quantum number must be an integer, we can round up to the nearest whole number:

n ≈ 4

The principal quantum number of an electron with a radius of 0.4761 nm is approximately 4.

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The isomer that cannot form an H-bonding interaction with another identical molecule, but can do so with a water molecule, is the primary amine isomer (C3H9N).

The primary amine isomer (C3H9N) has the following structure: H3C-CH2-CH2-NH2.This isomer cannot form H-bonding interactions with another identical molecule because it lacks a hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen atom. In order for H-bonding to occur between two molecules, there must be a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and a lone pair of electrons on the electronegative atom.

In the case of the primary amine isomer, there is only one hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen atom, and it is already involved in forming an H-bond with a water molecule.However, the primary amine isomer can form an H-bonding interaction with a water molecule. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor, while the hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen can act as a hydrogen bond donor. This interaction can occur between the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom of water and the hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen of the primary amine isomer.

In summary, the primary amine isomer (C3H9N) cannot form an H-bonding interaction with another identical molecule due to the lack of a hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen. However, it can form an H-bonding interaction with a water molecule.

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Explanation:

there are 8 atoms of hydrogen

Answer:

a 0.22L

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

1 moles of oxygen is 0.044L

J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by noticing that a beam of particles could be influenced by an electric or magnetic force and is denoted as option B.

This is referred to a subatomic particle which has a negative charge present and is involved in chemical reactions.

J.J. Thomson noticed that cathode rays were negatively charged due to deflection by magnetic and electric forces which signifies the presence of a negative particle.

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Answer: In ionic bonding (a noble gas configuration is formed for each element or ion).

Explanation:

IONIC bonding, which is also called electrovalent bonding involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another in order to attain a noble gas electron configuration.

The noble gases or group 0 elements have a completely filled outermost shell of eight electrons. This makes them generally very stable, that is, unreactive. There is a natural drive for other atoms to attain the electron configuration of group 0 (inert gases) elements. This usually results in atoms entering into chemical combinations by losing, gaining or sharing electrons.

Ionia compound such as sodium chloride

--> have high melting points because alot of heat energy is required to break the attractive forces between the ions;

--> are hard and brittle;

--> are soluble in water;

--> conduct electricity when in solution or molten form because the ions are able to move about, that is, they are electrolytes

Fatty acid A is linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic). Fatty acid A is an omega-6 fatty acid. And the shorthand notation for fatty acid A is 18:2 Δ9,12

Fatty acid A is linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic). Now, let's determine the omega designation for linoleic acid:

Since the first double bond is located at position 9 from the carboxyl end, linoleic acid is classified as an omega-6 fatty acid. The omega-6 designation indicates that the first double bond is 6 carbons away from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain.

The shorthand notation for linoleic acid is as follows:

18:2 Δ9,12

Let's break down the notation:

"18" represents the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain.

"2" indicates the number of double bonds present in the fatty acid.

"Δ9,12" specifies the position of the double bonds in relation to the carboxyl end of the fatty acid chain. In this case, the double bonds are located at positions 9 and 12.

Therefore, the answers to your questions are as follows:

(i) Shorthand notation for fatty acid A (linoleic acid): 18:2 Δ9,12

(ii) Fatty acid A (linoleic acid) is an omega-6 fatty acid.

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Answer:

Freezing point depression is a property of solutions where the solute lowers the normal freezing point of the solvent.

A water surplus occurs when additional water exists after potential evapotranspiration is satisfied by precipitation inputs.Correct option is  C.

A) It occurs when the additional inputs of water into a system are not enough to satisfy potential evapotranspiration.

This option describes a water deficit rather than a water surplus. A water deficit occurs when there is not enough water input to meet the potential evapotranspiration demand.

B) It occurs when the potential evapotranspiration demand cannot be satisfied by precipitation inputs.

This option also describes a water deficit rather than a water surplus. It means that the demand for potential evapotranspiration is not met by the amount of precipitation available.

C) It occurs when additional water exists after potential evapotranspiration is satisfied by precipitation inputs.

This option accurately describes a water surplus. It means that there is excess water available after the potential evapotranspiration demand has been met by precipitation.

D) It occurs when potential evapotranspiration is greater than soil moisture.

This option describes a water deficit rather than a water surplus. If potential evapotranspiration is greater than soil moisture, it means there is not enough water available to meet the evapotranspiration demand.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C. A water surplus occurs when additional water exists after potential evapotranspiration is satisfied by precipitation inputs.

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Answer:

38.75 L

Explanation:

From the question,

Applying Boyles Law,

PV = P'V'....................... Equation 1

Where P = Original pressure of the Argon gas, V = Original Volume of Argon gas, P' = Final pressure of Argon gas, V' =  Final Volume of Argon gas.

make V the subject of the equation

V = P'V'/P.................... Equation 2

Given: P = 34.6 atm, V' = 456 L, P' = 2.94 atm.

Substitute these values into equation 2

V = (456×2.94)/34.6

V = 38.75 L

Answer:

Constant

Explanation:

Trust

Answer:

Ionic

Explanation:

If there is a difference in electronegativity one of the atoms will want to hog the electron. This causes the charge to be +1 or -1 as they become ions. Also, I got it RIGHT ON ODESSYWARE!!!

Have a fantastic day! Keep up the grind

Ionic bond is a type of bond that will be formed for atoms that have a +1 or -1 charge. The correct option is option D.

Many of the relationships that are responsible for the incorporation of atom into ions, crystals, molecules, and other permanent species which make up the recognisable materials of everyday life are known as chemical bonds. when two atoms are in close proximity.

Their interactions and natural spatial distribution of their particles and electrons result in a lower total energy than would otherwise be the case. A set of atoms will link together if their combined energy is lower than the average of the values of their constituent atoms. This energy difference is known as the bonding energy. One of the atoms will attempt to capture the electron if there's a difference in electronegativity. As a result, when they produce ions, the charge is either +1 or -1.

Therefore, ionic bond is a type of bond that will be formed for atoms that have a +1 or -1 charge.  The correct option is option D.

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Answer:

CH3COONa : CH3COOH =  1.74 :  1  (required to prepare a buffer at PH = 5)

Explanation:

Given that :

PH = 5

Calculate proportions of ethanoic acid and Sodium ethanoate to prepare Buffer solution

solution :  

PH = Pka + Log ( CH3COONa / CH3COOH )

5.0 = 4.76 +  Log ( CH3COONa / CH3COOH )

∴  Log ( CH3COONa / CH3COOH ) = 0.24

( CH3COONa / CH3COOH )  = 1.74

Therefore : CH3COONa : CH3COOH

                         1.74          :      1

The reaction can be summarized as: \(PhCOCl + [LiAlH[O(CH)_3]_3]_3 \rightarrow PhCHO + [LiAlOH[O(CH)_3]_3]_2 + (H_2O)\)

The formation of PhCHO (benzaldehyde) from the reaction of PhCOCl (benzoyl chloride) with \(LiAlH[O(CH_3)_3]_3\) (lithium aluminium hydride or LAH) proceeds through several steps. Here is a detailed, stepwise mechanism for the reaction:

Step 1: Nucleophilic Attack

Initially, the nucleophilic oxygen of LAH attacks the electrophilic carbon of PhCOCl, resulting in the formation of an intermediate called an acyl-oxygen adduct.

\(\[\{{PhCOCl}} + \text{{LiAlH}}[\text{{O(CH}}_3\text{{)}}_3\text{{]}]_3 \rightarrow \text{{PhCO}}-\text{{H}} \text}\]\)

Step 2: Reduction

Next, the hydride ion (H-) from LAH acts as a reducing agent, donating a hydride ion to the acyl-oxygen adduct. This step involves the transfer of a hydride ion to the carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde.

\(PhCO-H adduct+LiAlH[O(CH_3)_3]_3\)

The reduction step replaces the chlorine atom of PhCOCl with a hydrogen atom, converting it into the aldehyde PhCHO (benzaldehyde).

Step 3: Formation of Byproducts

As a byproduct of the reduction,  (lithium aluminum hydroxide) is formed. Additionally, water (H2O) is generated from the reaction of LAH with the acyl-oxygen adduct.

Therefore, the reaction can be summarized as:

\(PhCOCl + [LiAlH[O(CH)_3]_3]_3 \rightarrow PhCHO + [LiAlOH[O(CH)_3]_3]_2 + (H_2O)\)

It is important to note that this is a simplified mechanism, and there may be additional intermediate steps or side reactions that can occur. Therefore, the outlined steps represent the key transformations involved in the conversion of PhCOCl to PhCHO using \(LiAlH[O(CH_3)_3]_3\).

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

This means that it takes more energy or heat to increase water's temperature than it does for most other substances. The specific heat of water is greater than that of dry soil, therefore water both absorbs and releases heat more slowly than land.

Answer: 127 (3.s.f)

Explanation:

Boyle's law states that Volume x pressure = constant

Therefore let's first find the constant: 45 x 1900 = 85500

Then lets plug 675 ml and 85500 into the equation above:

675 x C = 85500

C = 127 (3 s.f.)

The final product of the reaction is t-pentyl chloride.

The reaction of t-pentyl alcohol with concentrated hydrochloric acid proceeds via an S_N1 mechanism, which can be described as follows:

Step 1: Protonation of the alcohol

The concentrated hydrochloric acid protonates the hydroxyl group of t-pentyl alcohol to form a oxonium ion intermediate, which is a better leaving group than the hydroxyl group.

t-pentyl alcohol + HCl → t-pentyl oxonium ion + Cl^-

Step 2: Formation of the carbocation

The oxonium ion intermediate loses a water molecule to form a t-pentyl carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by the electron-donating effect of the three methyl groups.

t-pentyl oxonium ion → t-pentyl carbocation + H₂O

Step 3: Deprotonation of the chloride ion

A chloride ion acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbocation, forming a new bond and releasing H<sup>+<sup> ion.

t-pentyl carbocation + Cl^- → t-pentyl chloride + HCl

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Answer:

19.6 g of N2

Explanation:

2 NH3 + 3 CuO g 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O

In the above equation how many grams of N2 can be made when 167 grams of CuO are consumed?

Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0

Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:

Hydrogen

1

Nitrogen

14

Copper

63.5

Oxygen

16

first, we should rewrite the equation without using "g " for the yields sign

2 NH3 + 3 CuO ---------> 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O

next we need the molar mass of the compounds

CuO =63.5 + 16 = 79.5

N2 = 2 x 14 = 28

next , we see that 3 moles of CuO produce 1 mole of N2

167 g of CuO is 167/79.5 = 2,1 moles of CuO

since 3 moles produce 1 mole of N2

2,1 moles produce 2.1/3 = 0.7 moles of N2

1 mole of N2 is 28 gm

0.7 moles is 28x0.7 = 19.6 g of N2

A graduated cylinder containing 17 ml of water was lowered into it with a piece of gold that was of an erratic shape. The water level grew to a 20 ml height. The density of gold is 9g/ml if its mass is 27 g.

water volume V1= 17ml

Height of the water volume V2 = 20ml

Change in volume = V2-V1

V = 20ml- 17ml = 3ml

Mass of gold = 27g

Find density,  Using formula.

Density = Mass / volume

Density = 27g / 3ml

Density = 9g/ml.

Water is the primary component of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluid found in every known living entity. It is a  chemical  which is inorganic that is transparent and tasteless, almost no color. About 1 gram per cubic centimeter is the density of water. Depending on the water's temperature, the density of water is defined as the weight of the liquid divided by its volume.

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Answer:

reaction to cold pack: change in temperature

Evidence of a chemical reaction etc is change in composition

Explanation: composition is atoms changeing and etc, which is a chemical reacton i think. Change in temperture is alsoa  chemical reaction but cold packs

Answer:

Cold pack: absorbs heat (endothermic reaction)

Hot pack: releases heat ( exothermic reaction)

Explanation:

when a cold pack/hot pack is shaken, water mixes with the chemicals in the outer layer and reacts to release or absorb heat.

Answer:

Rust is brittle and fragile, while iron is solid and malleable and oxygen is a gas in its natural state. Rust is orange in color while iron is silver-gray and oxygen is colorless.  

Explanation:

Physical properties are traits that can be observed. Physical traits include color, malleability, texture, odor, etc.

In the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene reacts with 3-methyl-2-butanol in the presence of H2SO4 and CH3COOH to yield the major product, which is 4-(3-methylbutyl)-1,4-dimethoxybenzene.

This reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution, where the alkyl group (3-methylbutyl) is substituted onto the aromatic ring (1,4-dimethoxybenzene). The H2SO4 serves as a catalyst to generate the electrophile (CH3C+(CH3)2CH2), which then attacks the aromatic ring. The CH3COOH acts as a solvent and helps to stabilize the intermediate formed in the reaction. It is important to note that the reaction may also produce minor products due to competing reactions, such as rearrangements and polyalkylations.

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The metal-ligand bond was defined by crystal field theory as an ionic bond that solely results from electrostatic interactions between the metal ions and ligands. Anions are viewed as point charges in the crystal field theory, whereas neutral molecules are viewed as dipoles.

We detect repulsion between d orbital electrons and ligand electrons in the instance of an octahedral coordination combination with six ligands encircling the metal atom/ion. As they point in the direction of the axes along the ligand, the dx²- dy²and dz² orbitals are more susceptible to this repulsion.

The metal-ligand bond was defined by crystal field theory as an ionic bond that solely results from electrostatic interactions between the metal ions and ligands.

The octahedral splitting diagrams are:

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The correct answer is that when squeezing a plastic gas syringe filled with air, the air particles can be compressed, causing the volume to decrease. In contrast, squeezing a syringe filled with water does not compress the water significantly, so the volume change is minimal.

An inflated balloon expands and eventually bursts on leaving it exposed to sunshine: When sunlight falls on an inflated balloon, it transfers energy in the form of heat to the air inside the balloon. According to the particle theory of matter, an increase in temperature corresponds to an increase in the kinetic energy of the particles. As the air particles gain kinetic energy, they move faster and collide more frequently with the inner surface of the balloon.

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(a) To get the pH of the media to 5.8, you would add NaOH solution. NaOH is used as a basic solution, and when it is added to a solution, it will increase the pH of the solution.

(b) The molecular weight of BA is 225.3. To prepare a 1M solution, you would have to weigh out 225.3 grams of BA.(c) To convert a 1M solution of BA to mg/mL, you can use the following equation: 1 mole = molecular weight in grams; 1000 millimoles = 1 mole. So, 1 M = 1000 mg/mL. Therefore, a 1M solution of BA is equivalent to 1000 mg/mL .(d) To convert a concentration of 1000 mg/mL .

Therefore, to calculate the weight required for a 5 mM solution, use the following formula :Mass of BA = molarity × volume × molecular weight= 5 × 0.001 × 225.3= 1.1265 grams(f) To convert a concentration of 5 mM to mg/mL, we use the following formula: Concentration (mg/mL) = (Concentration (mM) × Molecular weight) / 1000= (5 × 225.3) / 1000= 1.1265 mg/mL(g)

To convert a concentration of 1.1265 mg/mL to mg/L, we multiply by 1000, so 1.1265 mg/mL = 1126.5 mg/L.(h) Given that the stock solution of BA is 5 mM and the working solution is 0.2 mg/mL.

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Okay, let's think through this step-by-step:

1) The initial equilibrium lies on the right side, favoring the products (H2 and O2 gases), because the standard enthalpy change (AH) is positive for this reaction, meaning the products are more stable.

2) When we increase the volume of the container, the pressure decreases according to Boyle's law (P=k/V).

3) A decrease in pressure favors the side with the greater number of moles of gases. In this case, the product side has 2 moles of gas (H2 + O2), so the equilibrium will shift to the right.

4) Therefore, when the volume increases, the equilibrium will shift further in favor of the products (H2 and O2 gases).

The answer is a: It will shift in favor of the products.

Let me know if this makes sense! I can re-explain anything that is unclear.

Answer:

21.504 liters

Explanation:

Given: 0.960 mol

Volume: ?

Molar Volume at STP = 22.4 liters

0.960 mol × 22.4 L/ 1 mol =

0.960 × 22.4 L = 21.504 L