Describe summation and integration of impulses at a synapse. 7. Why is transmission of an impulse across a synapse "one-way"? 8. Describe the events that occur between the time a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon and the release of neurotransmitters.
Answers
Summation and integration of impulses at a synapse:Summation of impulses is the additive effect of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. The summation of signals can either excite or inhibit the neuron's firing.
The summation of impulses occurs at the synapse, which is the junction between two neurons.Integration of impulses refers to the process by which a neuron combines incoming signals from different sources and decides whether or not to fire. In order to integrate the signals, the neuron must add up all the excitatory and inhibitory inputs, taking into account their amplitude, duration, and location.One-way transmission of an impulse across a synapse:Transmission of an impulse across a synapse is "one-way" because of the presence of synaptic vesicles.
These are sacs containing neurotransmitters that are released by the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, a narrow space between the two neurons. Once the neurotransmitter is released, it diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing the ion channels to open and allowing the impulse to travel further. However, the postsynaptic neuron cannot send a signal back to the presynaptic neuron as it does not have the necessary machinery to release neurotransmitters and cannot stimulate the presynaptic neuron.Events between the time a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon and the release of neurotransmitters:The nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon and triggers the influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic neuron.
This influx of calcium ions causes the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing the ion channels to open and allowing the impulse to travel further. Once the neurotransmitter has bound to the receptor, it is either removed from the synaptic cleft by reuptake into the presynaptic neuron or degraded by enzymes.
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Related Questions
Earth is approximately 4. 5 billion years old. Is it likely that any of the rocks that were on earth's surface when it first formed are still in existence?.
Answers
A is the anwer, No rock material is constantly recycled on Earth's surface through the rock cycle.
which made it possible for researchers to calculate that Earth was at least 4.3 billion years old?Earth's age is generally acknowledged by astronomers and geologists to be 4.6 billion years. With the help of dating techniques like rubidium-strontium and uranium-lead, this age has been determined through the isotopic analysis of several meteorites as well as soil and rock samples from the Moon.
Which stage of the rock cycle is active at the Earth's surface?Rocks at the surface of the Earth are reduced in size by weathering. Sediments are the microscopic pieces. These sediments are moved around by erosion in different locations by running water, ice, and gravity. Sedimentation is the process by which sediments are deposited or laid down.
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.A 35-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and fever. Her symptoms began 24 hours ago, and she has been unable to eat or drink anything since. She has a 3-year-old daughter who had similar symptoms 2 days earlier but is now fine. Laboratory studies show a blood glucose level of 82 mg/dL despite her 24-hour fast. Maintenance of this patient's blood glucose levels is facilitated by hepatic conversion of pyruvate into glucose. Which of the following substances directly stimulates the first enzyme involved in this process?
A) Lactate
B) oxaloacetate
C) pyruvate
D) Acetyl coA
e) Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
Answers
The substance that directly stimulates the first enzyme involved in this process is (A) Lactate.
In this case, the patient's blood glucose level is maintained through a process called gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
The first enzyme involved in this process is pyruvate carboxylase. Lactate (A) is converted to pyruvate, which then directly stimulates pyruvate carboxylase.
This enzyme converts pyruvate into oxaloacetate, and further steps in gluconeogenesis produce glucose.
The other substances listed (B, C, D, and E) do not directly stimulate the first enzyme involved in this process, making lactate the correct answer.
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Give an example of how a living part if the ecosystem depends on the non-living parts?
Answers
Answer:
The living things in an ecosystem are interdependent. This means that living things depend on their interactions with each other and also nonliving things for survival. For example, a tree depends on sunlight for energy and food. A snail depends on plants for food.
Answer:
Some examples of important nonliving things in an ecosystem are sunlight, temperature, water, air, wind, rocks, and soil. Living things grow, change, produce waste, reproduce, and die. Some examples of living things are organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
Explanation:
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Some plants reproduce asexually through a process called vegetative propagation. If the climate in a tropical area suddenly becomes arid, what would happen to the plants that reproduced asexually?
Answers
If the climate in a tropical area suddenly becomes arid, the plants that reproduce ase-xually would be at risk of drying out and dying.
This is because asexual reduplication doesn't involve the exchange of inheritable material, and so the shops aren't suitable to acclimate to the new environment and come more tolerant of the thirsty climate. Without the exchange of inheritable material, the shops can not evolve to come more resistant to extreme conditions.
As a result, the shops may struggle to survive in the new environment, and may ultimately die due to lack of water and nutrients.
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darwin proposed that living species are descended, with changes over time, from common ancestors. this idea is called
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According to Darwin, evolution is the process through which species change over time, give rise to new species, and descend from a single ancestor. The process that Darwin hypothesized for evolution is natural selection.
Darwin viewed evolution as a long-term process of species change and speciation known as "descent with modification." He postulated that all species can be traced back to a remote common ancestor in an evolutionary tree with several levels of branching.
He outlined the facts proving that organisms evolve in The Origin of Species, which was published in 1859 (1). Darwin spoke about the evolution of creatures rather than using the word "evolution," which did not have its modern meaning.
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. Aşağıdaki şekilde hazırlanan tampon çözeltilerin pH'larını hesaplayınız? a) 8 mmol NaCH3COO+ 200 mL 0.1 M CH3COOH b) 100 mL 0.05 M NaOH+ 100 mL 0.175 CH3COOH c) 40.0 mL 0.12 M HCl +160 mL 0.0420 M NaCH3CO
Answers
Answer:
can u write this in english
Explanation:
The Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Projection is an example of an equivalent projection commonly used in mapping today. Group of answer choices True False
Answers
The statement "The Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Projection is an example of an equivalent projection commonly used in mapping today" is false.
While it is an example of an equivalent projection, it is not as widely employed as other projections like the Mercator projection or the Robinson projection.
The Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Projection is designed to preserve area accuracy, meaning that the relative sizes of features on the map are preserved. However, it distorts shapes, angles, and distances, particularly as you move away from the center of the projection.
This distortion makes it less suitable for general-purpose mapping, where maintaining accurate shapes and distances is often crucial.
The Mercator projection, on the other hand, is a conformal projection that preserves angles and shapes, making it useful for navigation and presenting accurate shapes of landmasses. It is commonly used for world maps, particularly in navigation charts.
The Robinson projection is a compromise projection that attempts to balance size and shape distortions, resulting in a visually pleasing representation of the entire world.
While the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Projection may be used for specialized purposes or in specific regions, it is not as commonly employed as other projections due to its limitations in preserving shape and distance accuracy.
As mapping technologies and needs continue to evolve, cartographers and mapmakers choose projections that best suit the intended purpose and provide the most accurate representation of the Earth's surface.
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When fats are used as an energy source, the fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA. That means that fats bypass the reactions of ___ and enter the respiratory pathway at ________.
a. the citric acid cycle; glycolysis
b. fermentation; glycolysis
c. the citric acid cycle; oxidative phosphorylation
d. glycolysis; the citric acid cycle
e. oxidative phosphorylation; fermentation
Answers
The correct answer to the following question is as follows: When fats are used as an energy source, the fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA. That means that fats bypass the reactions of the citric acid cycle and enter the respiratory pathway at oxidative phosphorylation. The correct option is C.
How does fat work in the body?Fat is one of three major macronutrients that our bodies use to gain energy and keep our bodies in good shape. Fat is an essential part of a healthy diet and is a required nutrient for humans. When fats are used as an energy source, the fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA. Fats bypass the reactions of the citric acid cycle, and they enter the respiratory pathway at oxidative phosphorylation.
Fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA, which can subsequently be used to produce ATP. The electrons generated during the oxidation of fatty acids are fed into the electron transport chain to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The energy generated during the oxidation of fatty acids is used to generate a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase.
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What makes a synapse to each muscle cell (fiber)
Answers
A synapse forms between a nerve terminal and a motor endplate on a muscle fiber. The motor endplate is a specialized region of the muscle membrane containing acetylcholine receptors that bind to neurotransmitters released by the nerve terminal, initiating muscle contraction.
A synapse is a specialized junction between two nerve cells, or between a nerve cell and a muscle cell (also known as a neuromuscular junction). The process of transmitting signals from a nerve cell to a muscle cell involves several steps.
First, an action potential (an electrical impulse) travels down the nerve cell's axon, causing voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
Calcium ions then rush into the nerve terminal, which triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules (typically acetylcholine).
These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft (the tiny gap between the nerve terminal and the muscle cell) and bind to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
This binding opens ion channels, allowing positively charged sodium ions to enter the muscle cell and trigger a muscle contraction.
Overall, the key factors that allow a synapse to form between a nerve cell and a muscle cell include specialized structures (such as synaptic vesicles and ion channels), specific types of neurotransmitters and receptors, and precise timing of action potentials.
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Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require
A. darkness
B. oxygen and water
C. products of the light reaction
D. light
E. chlorophyll and carbon dioxide
Answers
Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require chlorophyll and carbon dioxide.
What do you mean by photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
The primary function of photosynthesis is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and then store that chemical energy for future use.
Photosynthesis is critical for the existence of the vast majority of life on Earth. It is the way in which virtually all energy in the biosphere becomes available to living things.
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Which of the following is an example of when the Law of Dominance would happen?
A. BB X BB - blue
B. Bb - blue
C. bb - white
D. BB- blue
Answers
Answer:
Bb - blue
Explanation:
Is this show the dominant trait will take over for the recessive traits so the dominant trait will still be blue even though there is a recessive trait of white
The example that demonstrates an example of the law of dominance is Bb - blue.
LAW OF DOMINANCE:
According to Gregor Mendel, the law of dominance states that one allele of a gene can mask the phenotypic expression of another allele of the same gene. For example, in a gene coding for color in a particular organism. The allele for blue color (B) is dominant over the allele for white color (b). This act of dominance will only be showcased in a heterozygous genotype i.e. a combination of both blue and white allele (Bb). The phenotype of this organism will be blue because blue allele is dominant. Therefore, the example that demonstrates an example of the law of dominance is Bb - blue.Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/2931799?referrer=searchResults
When scientists were attempting to determine the structure of the genetic code, Crick and coworkers found that when three base additions or three base deletions occurred in a single gene, the wild-type phenotype was sometimes restored. These data supported the hypothesis that ________. Group of answer choices the code contains internal punctuation
Answers
The data supported the hypothesis that the genetic code contains internal punctuation. Option 1 is correct.
During the process of deciphering the structure of the genetic code, Francis Crick and his colleagues made an important observation. They found that when three bases were added or deleted in a single gene, the wild-type phenotype (the normal, expected phenotype) was sometimes restored. This phenomenon is known as a frameshift mutation.
The fact that the wild-type phenotype could be restored by adding or deleting three bases specifically suggested that the genetic code operates in triplets, where each triplet of bases (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal.
This observation supported the hypothesis that the genetic code contains internal punctuation, meaning that it is read in a non-overlapping manner, with each codon specifying a distinct amino acid or signaling the end of protein synthesis. The discovery of this internal punctuation within the genetic code was a significant breakthrough in understanding the structure and functioning of DNA and the process of protein synthesis. Option 1 is correct.
The complete question is
When scientists were attempting to determine the structure of the genetic code, Crick and coworkers found that when three base additions or three base deletions occurred in a single gene, the wild-type phenotype was sometimes restored. These data supported the hypothesis that ________.
Group of answer choices
The code contains internal punctuationThe code is universalThe code is non-functionalThe code is ambiguousTo know more about the Genetic code, here
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What role does O2 play in aerobic cellular respiration?
A) it combines with carbon dioxide to form ATP
B)it combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the Krebs cycle
C)it is an important part of the electron transport system
Answers
If a cell is unable to progress beyond the g1 phase it is a likely indicator that the cell:___.
Answers
If a cell is unable to progress beyond the G1 phase it is a likely indicator that the cell was unable to reach to an appropriate size and lacked nutrients and growth factors.
What are cell cycle checkpoints?Cell cycle checkpoints are various mechanisms which control the progression of cell from one stage of the cycle to next.G1 checkpoint is located at the end of G1 and progression to S phase. It checks whether the cell has grown to a specific size and has accumulated nutrients and growth factors.It is also an indicator that the environment is not appropriate for cell division.G2 checkpoint is present at the transition from G2 to M phase. It checks whether the DNA has replicated properly or is there any damage in the DNA.M checkpoint is for transition from Metaphase to Anaphase. It checks whether the chromosomes have properly attached to the spindle fibers at the metaphase plate.Learn more about cell cycle checkpoints here:
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Alice wants to find out whether her pet gecko finds its prey based on vision. She thinks that her gecko will more easily see the colored crickets. She follows these steps:
get 10 similar crickets from the pet store
tag 5 of the crickets by putting a tiny dab of bright coloring on their backs
release all 10 crickets into the terrarium with the gecko at the same time
after several hours, record the number of tagged and non-tagged crickets still alive in the terrarium
After several hours, Alice notes that only 4 non-tagged crickets were still alive in the terrarium. No tagged crickets were observed. She concludes that her gecko uses mostly its vision to capture and eat its prey.
What is another possible explanation for these results?
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She relays more on her vision than her other senses so you could assume she has good eye sight or something.
Match the vocabulary terms to their definitions.
Answers
Answer:
1. Activation energy is the energy needed to start a reaction.
2. A substrate is a substance that binds to a protein. It is the substance a protein "acts" on.
3. A catalyst is a protein that speeds up reactions. Catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction, allowing the reaction to occur faster.
4. A product is a substance formed by a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, you have the reactants which are the substances you start with, and the products, which are the substances that are created.
An environment in which nonliving substances and living organisms work together is called
A) a population
B) a community
C) an ecosystem
Hi can someone help me w this? thanks!
Answers
Answer:
the answer is
c.) ecosystem
Explanation:
ecosystem is a community of living things and non living things that interact in the same environment
Extra Information:. Population- is a group of individuals of the same species living within an area
. Species - is a group of individuals that can reproduce naturally with one another and create a fertile offspring
.Community- is a group of living and non living things in the same environment
.Biotic factors - living things such as plants,animals,bacteria,fungi ... that are found in ecosystems
.Abiotic factors - non living things such as water,air,sans,light.. that are found in ecosystems
HOPE THIS HELPDS :D
Answer:
ecosystem
Explanation:
ye
Neurons transmit signals to the central nervous system. The brain processes this information to initiate a response. Two neurons communicate with each other through the
. The
is released at the site to initiate action potential and carry the signal through the body.
Answers
Answer: there is no question to what your asking?
Explanation: there is nothing here that is being questioned
PLZ HELP I NEED ANSWER RIGHT NOW !!!
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Sort the following processes by when they occur during the cell cycle
Answers
Cell divission:
- Separation of replicated DNA
- Formation of two new nuclei
Interphase:
- Cell performs its normal functions
- Growth
- DNA replication
During normal cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes in G1 will produce two daughter cells, each containing ______.
Answers
Please help
Write the equation for cellular repiration.
Answers
Answer:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Explanation:
You get 20 points
Plss help me it’s urgent
Answers
Answer: Somatic stem cells are capable of self-renewal, not differentiation
Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation
Amniotic fluid stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation
Explanation:
Which cell type is associated with xylem water movement in trees such as pine and fir, where water must move long distances?
a.
Collenchyma
b.
Vessel members
c.
Companion cell
d.
Tracheids
e.
Sieve tube elements
Answers
The cell type that is most commonly associated with xylem water movement in trees such as pine and fir is tracheids. The correct answer is option d.
Xylem water movement is the process by which water is transported from the roots of a plant to its leaves and other parts. In trees such as pine and fir, xylem water must move long distances, and it is facilitated by specialized cells known as xylem elements. There are several different types of xylem elements, each with its own unique structure and function.
Tracheids are elongated cells with lignified walls that form the main water-conducting elements in the xylem. They are found in many conifers and hardwood trees and play a crucial role in facilitating xylem water movement by providing a continuous column of water from the roots to the leaves.
Tracheids are important for xylem water movement because they have thick walls that are able to withstand the high pressure generated by water moving up the stem of the tree. Additionally, the shape of tracheids allows for a tight fit between adjacent cells, which reduces the amount of water lost through transpiration and helps to maintain a continuous flow of water up the stem.
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An individual is heterozygous for a particular gene. Which of the following is true of this individual?
Answers
where can we find deserts in the US? Where is the driest nonpolar desert in the world?
Answers
Answer:
1. We can find deserts right next to mountains in the US
2. the Atacama Desert
Explanation:
Which option describes a similarity between scientific laws and scientific theories? 1.Both can change in light of new evidence. 2.Both explain how a phenomenon works. 3.Both are purely observations of nature. 4.Both are suggested explanations that are starting points.
Answers
Answer:
1.Both can change in light of new evidence
2.Both explain how a phenomenon works
Explanation:
Law and theory can be defined to be part of the nature of scientific knowledge. A scientific theory is a well-established explanation for observations of the natural world which can be verified by applying the scientific method, while a scientific law is a statement obtained from repeated experimental and/or observational procedures to describe and/or predict natural phenomena. Scientific theories can change when researchers discover new lines of evidence, while scientific laws also change based on new empirical evidence.
The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act is
administered by which agency?
a) Office of Home Office Safety
b) Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
c) Workplace Safety Administration
d) Department of Workplace Safety
Answers
Question 16
According to the food web, which food chain is correct?
А
phytoplankton
- krill – fish
penguins – elephant seal
other herbivorous zooplankton
- fish-
leopard seal –
B
phytoplankton
toothed whales
other herbivorous zooplankton
-
squid
-
penguins
С
phytoplankton
leopard seal
D
phytoplankton
- krill – carnivorous zooplankton – seals – toothed whales
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
b
What conditions are necessary for rocks to melt? ( I’ll give a Brainliast) please answer
Answers
Answer:
The rock is pulled down by movements in the earth's crust and gets hotter and hotter as it goes deeper. It takes temperatures between 600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius (1,100 and 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit) to melt a rock, turning it into a substance called magma (molten rock).
Answer:
Flux melting occurs when water or carbon dioxide is added to rock. These compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperatures. This creates magma in places where it originally maintained a solid structure. Much like heat transfer, flux melting also occurs around subduction zones.
Explanation:
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