Dectin-1 Binding to Annexins on Apoptotic Cells Induces Peripheral Immune Tolerance via NADPH Oxidase-2
Answers
Dectin-1 binding to annexins on apoptotic cells induces peripheral immune tolerance via NADPH oxidase-2.
This interaction promotes immune suppression, preventing excessive immune responses against self-antigens and maintaining immune homeostasis in peripheral tissues. Dectin-1 is a pattern recognition receptor expressed on immune cells, while annexins are phospholipid-binding proteins exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Activation of Dectin-1 by annexins triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase-2. ROS production leads to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory immune responses and the induction of regulatory T cells, dampening immune reactions and promoting tolerance towards apoptotic cells and self-antigens in peripheral tissues.
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Related Questions
In here what's the meaning of
places a strain ?
Answers
Answer:
In this passage, I'm kinda sure that places a strain means pressure.
dna is comprised of four different types of . each one is made up of a pentose , a group, and one of four .target 1 of 7target 2 of 7target 3 of 7target 4 of 7 2. adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine are .target 5 of 7 3. adenine and guanine, which have a nine-member double-ring, are called .target 6 of 7 4. cytosine and thymine, which have a six-member single-ring, are called .
Answers
DNA is comprised of four different types of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are the four nitrogenous bases. Adenine and guanine, which have a nine-member double-ring structure, are called purines. Cytosine and thymine, which have a six-member single-ring structure, are called pyrimidines.
DNA is comprised of four different types of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).Adenine and guanine, which have a nine-member double-ring structure, are called purines. They form hydrogen bonds with their complementary bases, thymine and cytosine, respectively.Cytosine and thymine, which have a six-member single-ring structure, are called pyrimidines. They also form hydrogen bonds with their complementary bases, guanine and adenine, respectively.The specific pairing of these nitrogenous bases forms the basis of DNA's double-stranded helical structure. The complementary base pairing between A and T, and G and C, allows DNA to replicate and carry genetic information accurately from one generation to another.For more such questions on DNA:
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What features do we find in the cells of bacteria AND plants?
What features do we find in the cells of animals AND plants?
What features do we find in ALL cells (animals, plants, AND bacteria)?
Answers
Answer: There is always a nucleus
Which assumption must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a specific gene?
-No genetic drift can affect allele frequencies for the gene.
-Mating must be nonrandom with respect to the gene.
-Natural selection must favor one phenotype.
-The number of immigrants must equal the number of organisms emigrating.
Answers
If a population for just a gene has been in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequencies won't alter across generations. Basic Hardy-Weinberg hypothese also include absence of mutation, random mating, gene flow, that existence of an entire population, as well as the absence of selection.
What sense use you make of the word population?A population is any entire group of people who share at minimum one characteristic. Populations are composed of more than simply one person. Populations can include, but are not limited to, people, animals, groups, institutions, buildings, places of worship, cars, farms, and other objects or situations.
What does the word "population mean" mean?The population mean is the average derived from the entire population, distribution, or group. It is determined by dividing the entire amount of demographic variables by the total number of population variables. The population mean is shown here as.
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explain the difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.
Answers
Answer:
below
Explanation:
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition. Chemical weathering breaks down rocks by forming new minerals that are stable at the Earth's surface. Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are important agents of chemical weathering.
microtubules start at the centrosome and then connect to the kinetochores, which are structures at the central region of chromosomes
Answers
Microtubules start at the centrosome and then connect to the kinetochores, which are structures at the central region of chromosomes. The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in most animal cells, whereas plant cells lack a typical centrosome.
The two spindle poles are the central region of a chromosome where a kinetochore is connected. Microtubules are a type of cytoskeletal protein filament that plays a crucial role in the mechanics of cell division.
Microtubules, together with actin and intermediate filaments, form the cytoskeleton, which is the structural framework of the cell. Microtubules also transport vesicles and organelles, support cell shape, and mediate cell signaling.
They are also crucial in cell division, serving as a framework for the mitotic spindle, a structure that segregates chromosomes during cell division.
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Please Help
You are part of a desert plant research team trying to discover crops that will be productive in arid climates. You discover a plant that exhibits multiple drought responses. What can you conclude about the molecules responsible for these responses?
They alter the amount of energy available to the plant.
They respond to air temperature changes.
They can reset the biological clock.
They are modified by changes in moisture.
Answers
Answer:
they are modified by changes in moisture
Explanation:
just took the test and it was correct :)
They are modified by changes in moisture, can conclude about the molecules responsible for these responses
what is moisture ?moisture is defined as the presence of liquid in an environment, all liquids, which means water and typically in trace amounts.
The trace amount of water could be in wood, food products, or just about anything, the moisture is used to indicate the presence of water in the air, whereas humidity is more accurate.
the impact of Moisture is significant whereas the high moisture content can cause damage to a building and may even cause health problems for the occupants.
There are already different types of materials that can help in preventing unwanted moisture depending on factors such as water vapor diffusion, airborne water movement, capillary suction, and gravity.
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what phenotype can male cats NOT express?
Answers
Answer:
Hope you're doing well.
Explanation:
Male cats cannot express the phenotype of being a heterozygous carrier of a sex-linked trait located on the X chromosome because they only have one X chromosome. In male cats, the sex-linked traits are always expressed, whether dominant or recessive, because they have no corresponding gene on the Y chromosome to mask the expression. As a result, any sex-linked trait on the X chromosome is always expressed in male cats, regardless of whether it is dominant or recessive.
Cells need energy to perform all of their functions. Where in the cell is the energy made?
Answers
Answer:
mitochondria
Explanation:
Can someone help me with this question? Will mark BRAINLIEST (But please dont ask)
1.) How is Albinism a genetic disorder?
Answers
Answer:
1. We commonly know that albinism is a type 1 genetic disorder which is inherently derived from a gene mutation on the X chromosome
2. This can and is sometimes inherited by the offspring by a process known as X-linked recessive inheritance.
3. Hence it abnormally mutates the X chromosome which allows it the characteristic of a genetic disorder
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum is:
an intracellular double-membrane system to which ribosomes are attached
an intracellular membrane that is studded with microtubular structures
a membranous structure found within mitochondria
only found in prokaryotic cells
Answers
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is an intracellular double-membrane system to which ribosomes are attached. So the first option is the correct answer.
Endoplasmic reticulum is a continuous network of membranous tubules that runs through the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. The cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum extends from the nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum, which is the biggest organelle in the majority of eukaryotic cells, is completely encircled by a continuous membrane.It participates in the production of proteins and lipids and typically contains ribosomes attached.There are mainly two types of endoplasmic reticulum:1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosome in theire outer membrane and smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosome.Based on the presence of endoplasmic reticulum they are named smooth and rough.
So, the first option is the correct answer.The rough endoplasmic reticulum is an intracellular double-membrane system to which ribosomes are attached.
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describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction along a neuron
Answers
An action potential, another name for a nerve impulse, is produced and carried along a neuron through a number of intricate processes involving ion channels, pumps, and neurotransmitter molecules.
Stimulus: A stimulus, such as a shift in temperature or pressure or the presence of a chemical neurotransmitter, causes the development of a nerve impulse.
Depolarization: When an external stimulus enters a neuron's dendrites, it opens ion channels that let positively charged ions like sodium (Na+) into the cell. The membrane potential of the neuron changes abruptly to a more positive state, a process known as depolarization.
Threshold: When the membrane's depolarization reaches a specific point, or the threshold, additional ion channels begin to open and the membrane depolarizes quickly and completely. This is when the nerve impulse starts.
Depolarization of the membrane produces an electrical charge wave that propagates along the axon, the portion of the neuron that carries the nerve impulse. Action potential describes this depolarization wave. The next location along the axon is where the action potential causes the opening of ion channels, which causes depolarization to quickly spread along the axon.
Repolarization occurs when the ion channels close and the positively charged ions are expelled from the cell after the action potential has passed. Repolarization is the process by which the membrane potential shifts from positive to negative as a result. The cycle then resumes, enabling the nerve impulse to go further along the axon.
Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic cleft—the tiny area between one neuron's axon and another's dendrite—when a nerve impulse reaches the terminal ends of the axon. The following neuron sends off a new nerve impulse as a result of the neurotransmitter molecules attaching to receptors on the dendrite.
In conclusion, the creation and conduction of a nerve impulse is a complicated process that includes modifications to membrane potential, ion flow, and neurotransmitter release, enabling prompt and effective information transfer from one neuron to the next.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Damon is creating a presentation about why schools should not require students to wear school uniforms. He wants to counter the claim that uniforms
benefit students and families. What headings can he use to make the connection between these two slides?
• avoid distractions from inappropriate attire
• spare expenses to parents for the latest fashions
●
prevent bullying of those who might dress differently
8
•
do not allow for self-expression
• stifle creativity
• prevent students from demonstrating their identity
Answers
Answer: I believe that the answers are:
Intentions of Required Uniforms
Harmful Consequences of Required Uniforms.
Explanation:
There is a need for uniforms in schools so that every student feels equal in the school.
What is the need for uniforms in the school?Garbs permit the school staff to recognize understudies so they can be effortlessly separated from individuals not having a place on the grounds. At the point when every one of the understudies of a similar school is dressed the same, monetary, social, and social boundaries are diminished.
A sense of equality among students, staff, and parents. Improved discipline and concentration. Instills a working environment mindset that separates home and school life. Reduces distraction from wearing the latest fashion brands.
Therefore, uniforms in workplaces and schools allow everyone to feel equal on all different grounds.
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According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?
A. From engulfed, originally free-living bacteria
B. When a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protocell by secondary endosymbiosis
C. From the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes
D. From infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in energy-transfer reactions
Answers
how is the structure of a leaf optimized for photosynthesis
Answers
Answer:
- The upper epidermis of the leaf is transparent, allowing light to enter
- They have a large surface area to volume ratio, allowing more light to enter
The upper epidermis of the leaf is transparent, allowing light to enter and they have a large surface area to volume ratio, allowing more light to enter.
What is responsible for photosynthesis to occur?The mesophyll cell is responsible for photosynthesis occurs. The majority of the chloroplasts and the primary site of photosynthesis are located in the palisade layer. The area of storage and gas exchange is the airy, spongy layer. The stomata control the water and carbon dioxide equilibrium.
For gaseous exchange and photosynthesis, leaves are suited. Since they have a wide surface area and stomata, which enable carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit, they are well-equipped for photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts, which is known as the house the chlorophyll in plants, are where photosynthesis occurs. The thylakoid membrane, a third inner membrane that creates lengthy folds inside the chloroplast and is bordered by a double membrane, is present inside chloroplasts.
Therefore, The upper epidermis of the leaf is transparent, allowing light to enter and they have a large surface area to volume ratio, allowing more light to enter.
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The light- independent reactions are also called the _____.
Answers
Answer: The light-independent reactions are also called the dark reactions or the Calvin cycle.
I hope this helps!
2. In an electronic transition an electron moves from molecular orbital to another. What is the change that occurs in an NMR or EPR transition? Illustrate with an energy diagram.
Answers
Some scientists are concerned that the human population has outgrown the carrying capacity of many of Earth’s ecosystems? Which will most likely becoming a limiting factor in human populations?
Answers
Answer:
One of the most likely limiting factors for human populations when the carrying capacity of Earth's ecosystems is exceeded is the availability of resources such as food, water, and energy. As the human population continues to grow, the demand for resources will increase, which could lead to shortages and conflicts over resources. Climate change and environmental degradation can also exacerbate this issue by reducing the productivity of agricultural land and depleting natural resources. In addition, the spread of disease and pollution can further impact human health and well-being. Ultimately, it is important to find ways to manage population growth and reduce our environmental impact to ensure the sustainability of human populations and the health of the planet.
Explanation:
Which of the following types of information is NOT encoded in the DNA sequence of a gene?
A. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide
B. Where transcription should start and end
C. Where translation should start and end
D. Directions for the folded protein's behavior
Answers
The type of information that is not encoded in the DNA sequence of a gene is d. directions for the folded protein's behavior.
A gene is the fundamental physical and functional unit of genetic inheritance, it is a segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that encodes information for the synthesis of a particular protein or a functional RNA molecule. The nucleotide sequence of a gene specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes or the RNA sequence for RNA genes.
However, there are certain pieces of information that are not encoded in the DNA sequence of a gene. For example, the DNA sequence does not encode directions for the folded protein's behavior. Although a protein's amino acid sequence is specified by the gene's DNA sequence, the protein's behavior and structure are determined by its environment, post-translational modifications, and interactions with other biomolecules.Therefore, the correct option is D. Directions for the folded protein's behavior.
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Consider the following food chain: Plants are eaten by grasshoppers, which are eaten by mice, which are eaten by snakes. What will happen to the other members of the food chain if the grasshoppers are removed
Answers
Answer:
If the grasshopper is removed, the snakes will die, because the snakes have nothing to eat, and whatever eats snakes will die, and so on.
Which of the following is a way humans use Which of the following is a way humans use trees? a. paper b. food c. wood d. all of the above
Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
a. paper
b. food
c. wood
d. all of the above
Answers
A. Paper
_______
Answer:
The amswer is D. All of the above,
If genes are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome, they will assort ___________________________ during meiosis.
Answers
Genes will assort independently and are referred to as being unlinked during meiosis if they are located on distinct chromosomes or distantly from one another on the same chromosome.
What transpires when two genes on the same chromosome are located far apart?Due to cross-over, genes that are on the same chromosome but located far apart assort separately (homologous recombination). This is a mechanism where homologous chromosomes randomly exchange matched pieces at the start of meiosis.
What does meiotic independent assortment entail?During meiosis, a process known as independent assortment causes the chromosomes to randomly move to different poles. After meiosis, a gamete will have 23 chromosomes, but independent assortment means that each gamete will have 1 of numerous different combinations.
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Study the illustration.
Which term best describes the circular, enclosing structure
formed by the cell membrane in squares 3 and 4?
O sac
O vesicle
O lysosome
O enzyme
Answers
The best term that describes the circular, enclosing structures formed by the cell membrane in squares 3 and 4 is vesicles; option B
What are vesicles in a cell?Vesicles are small membrane-bound sacs that are used by the cells to transport materials within or outside the cell.
These vesicles transport materials such as proteins and fluids surrounded by lipid bilayers to or out of the cell.
Within the cell, vesicles are produced by the Golgi apparatus to transport materials within or outside the cell.
The cell membrane also forms vesicles that enclose substances to be taken into the cell.
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Faye is an agriscientist who wants to improve breeding practices for the cows on a farm. What is an improvement Faye would MOST likely try to make in these cows?
milder temperament
better quality of milk
higher top speed
longer maximum leg length
Answers
Answer:
Better quality of milk would improve breeding
1. Describe the effect on the rate of photosynthesis if the temperature is increased from 10°c to 20°c
Answers
Answer:
As temperature increases the number of collisions increases, therefore the rate of photosynthesis increases.
Explanation:
However, at high temperatures, enzymes are denatured and this will decrease the rate of photosynthesis
Explain how eutrophication
can change an aquatic ecosystem into a
land ecosystem.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
In nature, eutrophication is a common phenomenon in freshwater ecosystems and is really a part of the normal aging process of many lakes and ponds. Some never experience it because of a lack of warmth and light, but many do. Over time, these bodies of freshwater change in terms of how productive or fertile they are. While this is different for each lake or pond, those that are naturally fed rich nutrients from a stream or river or some other natural source are described as "eutrophic," meaning they are nutrient-rich and therefore abundant in plant and animal life. Eutrophication is not necessarily harmful or bad, and the word itself is often translated from the Greek as meaning "well nourished" or "good food." However, eutrophication can be speeded up artificially, and then the lake and its inhabitants eventually suffer as the input of nutrients increases far beyond what the natural capacity of the lake should be,Eutrophication can have serious effects, like algal blooms that block light from getting into the water and harm the plants and animals that need it. If there's enough overgrowth of algae, it can prevent oxygen from getting into the water, making it hypoxic and creating a dead zone where no organisms can survive
The fingers are
to the wrist.
a. Distal
b. Intermediate
c. Proximal
d. Superficial
Answers
Answer:
Distal
Explanation:
A finger is distal to the wrist, which is distal to the elbow, which is distal to the shoulder.
Two ramps of equal height are placed 1 m apart, and balls of equal mass are released from the top of each ramp. What happens to the motion of the balls when they meet in the middle?
The balls will move in a random direction.
The balls will stop.
The balls will continue moving forward.
Answers
Answer:
The ball will stop
Explanation:
I don't know much about it.
Answer:
the balls will continue moving forward
How have scientific advancements led to an increase in food safety? a. improved preservation techniques b. improved monitoring techniques c. improved processing techniques d. all of the above
Answers
Scientific advancements led to an increase in food safety through improved preservation techniques, improved monitoring techniques, and improved processing techniques.
What are the scientific advancements in the food industry?There are many scientific advancements made that help in the food industry.
Genetically modified meat and plants are there.
Food preservers, food additives, etc increase the food life.
Thus, the correct option is d. all of the above
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Answer:
yoooo its d
Explanation:
What property of water makes it move upward from the roots of plants? Check all that apply. A) adhesion. B) surface tension. C) cohesion. D) transpiration.
Answers
Water is pushed up into the roots via capillary action. Water can get all the way up to the branches and leaves with the aid of stickiness and cohesion.
What is Capillary Action?You still need to know about capillary action even if you've never heard of it. Water (and all the substances that are dissolved in it) can be moved about thanks to capillary action. Surface tension, adhesion, and cohesion forces cause water to travel through the pores of a porous substance.Due to the forces of cohesion and adhesion, which cause water molecules to prefer to remain close to one another, capillary action takes place (water molecules are attracted and stick to other substances). The upward pull on the liquid at the edges caused by water adhering to a vessel's walls will cause a meniscus to turn upward.In order to maintain the surface's integrity, surface tension is used. Capillary action happens when the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules are greater than the adhesion to the walls. Surface tension plus, of course, gravity place a cap on how high water in a homogeneous circular tube (see image to the right) can rise through capillary action.Water tends to attach not just to itself in a drop, but also to glass, cloth, organic tissues, dirt, and, fortunately, to the fibers in a paper towel. The water will "climb" onto the paper towel if you dip it into a glass of water. In fact, it will keep climbing the towel until it can no longer withstand the pull of gravity.To Learn more About capillary action Refer To:
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