Cows and mice have the same amino acid sequence for topoisomerase I, an enzymatic protein involved in unwinding the DNA double helix. The fact that these two different species have this identical amino acid sequence provides evidence that -

The evolutionary relationship between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis is that both are hominids, members of the family Hominidae. Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis are two species of the genus Homo.

Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis evolved from the same group of Homo heidelbergensis that lived in Europe, Asia, and Africa around 800,000 years ago. Scientists have been able to establish the evolutionary relationship between the two species through the study of their DNA. The DNA evidence shows that Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis share 99.7% of their DNA. This indicates that they are very closely related and that they share a common ancestor.


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Answer:

Tundra

Explanation:A tundra is mostly Antarctica or the Arctic or mostly an area that's covered with loads of ice and snow.Arctic tundra is a very cold, windy, and treeless biome that's snow-covered for much of the year.

Answer:

The answer is simple sugar

Explanation:

Answer:

species

Explanation:

Organisms that are the most closely related genetically would belong to the same species, which is the most specific taxonomic level.

Taxonomic levels are a hierarchical system of classification used to categorize and study the diversity of life based on shared characteristics and evolutionary history.

The taxonomic levels, in order from the most specific to the most general, are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain. Each level represents a group of organisms that share a certain set of characteristics and a common ancestry. This system of classification allows scientists to understand the relationships and diversity of life on Earth.

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Tropical Rain Forest is the biome that include ferns, large woody vines, monkeys, sloths, and boa constrictors.

Tropical rainforests are the rainforests that occur in the regions of tropical rainforest climate where there is no dry season. Due to such type of climate, there is greater amount of biodiversity.

So we can conclude that Tropical Rain Forest is the biome that include ferns, large woody vines, monkeys, sloths, and boa constrictors.

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Charles Darwin

The theory of evolution is a shortened form of the term “theory of evolution by natural selection,” which was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the nineteenth century.

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Transcription and translation are the two processes involved in protein synthesis. mRNA codons ⇒ AAG  UUA  ACC  CAA UAA. tRNA anticodons ⇒ UUC  AAU  UGG  GUU AUU. Amino acids ⇒  Lys-Leu-Thr-Gln-Stop.

Transcription and translation are two processes involved in protein synthesis.

In the e xposed example,

      DNA triplets ⇒ TTC   AAT   TGG  GTT  ATT

   mRNA codons ⇒ AAG  UUA  ACC  CAA UAA

tRNA anticodons ⇒ UUC  AAU  UGG  GUU AUU

       Amino acids ⇒  Lys    Leu     Thr    Gln    Stop

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The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes is known as polyploidy. This has been observed in many examples of plants, including crop plants such as bananas, limes, and strawberries.

As scientists consider it as a chromosomal mutation that may provide benefits to an organism. However, in contrast, having extra sets of chromosomes can also lead to infertility in some organisms as described in 2. Meiosis is the type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes, as described in 3 to maintain the diploid state of somatic cells in sexually reproducing organisms.

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The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes is known as trisomy.

Errors in meiosis I usually cause Aneuploidy, importantly maternal meiosis I. With advanced maternal age generally errors of maternal meiosis I are associated .Once thought to involve mostly mis-segregation of whole chromosomes, it is now clear that chromatid errors are an equally prevalent cause of maternal meiotic errors.

20 Irrespective, the cytologic mechanism involves decreased or absent meiotic recombination.21 In trisomy 13 and trisomy 21, 90% of these maternal cases arise at meiosis I. Almost all trisomy cases arise in maternal meiosis I. An exception is trisomy 18, in which two thirds of the 90% of maternal meiotic cases arise at meiosis II.

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Answer:

Explanation:

It's simply law of osmosis.

In osmosis solvent particles move from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration until both the solution acquire the same concentration. So when a plant cell is kept in hypertonic solution (having more solute concentration), the solvent particles move outside the cell causing it to shrink, which is also known as plasmolysis of cell.

When a plant cell is kept in hypotonic solution (having less solute concentration), the solvent particles move inside the cell causing it to swell up which is also known as deplasmolysis. But due to the presence of cell wall, plant cell can not burst. Cell wall is a very stratchable boundary made up of cellulose mainly which makes the plant cell non-collapsable (but animal cells can burst in hypotonic solution due to absence of cell wall)

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In addition to inherited genetic mutations, several other risk factors contribute to the development of colon and rectal cancer. These factors include:

1. Age

2. Personal or family history

3. Lifestyle factors

4. Diabetes

5. Certain inherited syndromes

6. Race and ethnicity

7. Previous radiation therapy

8. Environmental factors

1. Age: The risk of colon and rectal cancer increases with age, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals over 50 years old.

2. Personal or family history: Individuals with a personal history of colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), or a family history of colorectal cancer are at a higher risk.

3. Lifestyle factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices can increase the risk of colon and rectal cancer. These include a diet high in red and processed meats, low intake of fruits and vegetables, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

4. Diabetes: People with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing colon and rectal cancer, possibly due to factors such as insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.

5. Certain inherited syndromes: In addition to inherited genetic mutations, certain inherited syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), significantly increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

6. Race and ethnicity: Individuals of African-American descent have a higher incidence and mortality rate of colon cancer compared to other racial and ethnic groups.

7. Previous radiation therapy: Prior radiation treatment in the abdominal or pelvic area for previous cancers may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer later in life.

8. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as certain chemicals, heavy metals, and radiation, may contribute to the development of colon and rectal cancer.

It's important to note that having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean an individual will develop colon or rectal cancer. Regular screenings, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and following appropriate medical recommendations can help reduce the risk and detect these cancers at an early stage when treatment is most effective.

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Answer:

All of the above

Explanation:

The nucleus contains genetic code for the functions of all of your organelles. It controls your cell processes and has the information the make proteins.

Answer:

The enamel and dentin of teeth are harder than bone and as a result, teeth are more likely to be fossilized than other parts of a vertebrate.

Explanation:

Scientists have observed that light-colored moths decrease in abundance in areas that are polluted or contaminated. This phenomenon, known as industrial melanism, is attributed to natural selection.

In polluted environments, dark-colored moths have a survival advantage over light-colored moths. The pollutants, such as soot or industrial waste, darken the environment, making light-colored moths more visible to predators.

Dark-colored moths, on the other hand, blend in better with the surroundings and are less likely to be preyed upon. As a result, over time, the population of light-colored moths decreases as they are selectively targeted by predators, while the population of dark-colored moths increases due to their enhanced survival rates in the polluted environment. This observation provides an example of how environmental changes can drive evolutionary shifts in populations.

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Punnett squares and Mendelian genetics concepts can be used to calculate the likelihood that pea plant progeny with the genotype of PpYYRr when PpYyRr is crossed with PPYyrr will have this genotype.

1a) The PPYyrr genotype is crossed with the PpYyRr genotype1b) The Punnett square computations are broken out as follows:Pp × PP for the blossom colour will produce 50% PP and 50% Pp.In terms of seed colour, 50% YY and 50% Yy will arise from Yy x YY.For the seed shape, 50% Rr and 50% rr will arise from Rr x rr.

When the probability for each trait are combined:

60% PP, 60% YY, and 60% Rr = 12.5%Therefore, 12.5% of offspring are likely to have the genotype PpYYRr.

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The average atomic mass of hydrogen (H) is 1.008 amu. Hydrogen is made up of isotopes 1H, 2H, and 3H. 1H is most abundant.  All isotopes are equally abundant.

Isotopes are defined as a variation of an element that possesses the same  atomic number but different atomic mass.

It can be defined as the one of two or more forms of a chemical element with distinct physical properties but identical chemical properties.

It can also be defined as atoms with same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons.

According to stability of hydrogen 3H is more stable than 2H and then with 1H.

Thus, the average atomic mass of hydrogen (H) is 1.008 amu. Hydrogen is made up of isotopes 1H, 2H, and 3H. 1H is most abundant. Thus option C is correct.

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Answer:

Hidden virus.

Explanation:

It will sit in the cell's DNA for a while and then attack.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Key points:

- Cells have a variety of mechanisms to prevent mutations, or permanent changes in DNA sequence.

- During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases "check their work," fixing the majority of mispaired bases in a process called proofreading.

- Immediately after DNA synthesis, any remaining mispaired bases can be detected and replaced in a process called mismatch repair.

- If DNA gets damaged, it can be repaired by various mechanisms, including chemical reversal, excision repair, and double-stranded break repair.

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Wind blowing across the body surface would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment.

Wind blowing across the body surface would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment. Wind can carry heat away from the body through convection, which enhances the transfer of heat from the body surface to the surrounding air. This can help to cool down the animal if it is in a warm environment or if it has generated excess heat through metabolic processes.

Vasoconstriction, on the other hand, is the narrowing of blood vessels, which reduces the flow of blood to the skin and decreases heat loss. Countercurrent heat exchangers are specialized structures found in some animals, such as marine mammals and birds, that help to reduce heat loss by transferring heat from warm arterial blood to cooler venous blood before it reaches the extremities. Blubber or fat layer acts as an insulating layer, reducing the rate of heat exchange between the animal's body and the environment, which can be beneficial in cold environments by helping to retain body heat.

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Answer:

I believe its called Excretion!

Explanation:

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In a process called transcription, an RNA copy of a gene sequence on the DNA molecule is made.

Transcription is the first step in gene expression. This involves copying the DNA sequence of a gene to create an RNA molecule. Transcription is done by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which joins nucleotides together to form an RNA chain. All RNA in the cell is made by DNA transcription. This process has some similarities with the process of DNA replication described in the chapter.

Transcription begins by opening and unwinding small sections of the DNA double helix to reveal the bases of each strand of DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to create pre-mRNA transcripts. Pre-mRNA is processed to form mature mRNA molecules that can be translated to build the protein molecules encoded by the original gene.

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Similes:

1. The thunder was like a drumbeat in the sky.

2. The sun was like a blazing fire in the sky.

3. The wind was like a whisper in the trees.

Metaphors:

1. The land was a living, breathing entity.

2. The sky was a blanket of stars.

3. The river was a ribbon of silver.

Answer:

Darwin and other scientists of his day argued that a process much like artificial selection happened in nature, without any human intervention. He argued that natural selection explained how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.

Answer:

Diastolic pressure

Explanation:

The reading on the pressure gauge at this point represents the Diastolic pressure. In a medical context, this is the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling. In the numerical readings, this is represented by the lower end of the two blood pressure measurements. For example, if the individual's blood pressure is taken and the measurement of 120/80 is taken, then 80 is the diastolic pressure in this scenario.

The 5' cap protects the mRNA from exonucleases, which are enzymes that degrade nucleic acids. The 5' cap is an addition to the 5' end of the mRNA strand that occurs during the maturation process.

It consists of a 7-methylguanine cap connected to the 5' end of the mRNA by a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage. This 5' cap is essential for the protection of the mRNA from exonucleases. Exonucleases specifically degrade the 5' end of mRNA molecules because it has no protective cap.

By adding the 5' cap to the mRNA, it prevents exonucleases from accessing and degrading the mRNA. The 5' cap also plays a role in the recognition of the mRNA by ribosomes. As a result, the 5' cap helps to ensure that the mRNA is translated properly, as the ribosomes can identify the cap as a signal to initiate translation.

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complete question is :-

The 5' cap protects the mRNA from {{c1::exonucleases}}. EXPLAIN.

Bioaccumulation is the total accumulation of certain chemicals/contaminants in an organism, coming from diverse sources such as water, air, and diet. Therefore the case of mercury occurs when mercury is accumulated in an organism, for example, fish. The most common pathway for this to happen is through the food chain, nonetheless can occur through abiotic means, an example is in fish, where methylmercury is acquired through the gills.

When methylmercury is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract & enters the bloodstream and goes rapidly to other parts of the body.

Mercury is a persistent substance, which can bioaccumulate, in living organisms, inflicting increasing levels of harm on higher-order species such as predatory fish and fish-eating birds and mammals through a process known as "biomagnification"

The release of processed mercury can lead to a progressive increase in the amount of atmospheric mercury, which enters the atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles where it can remain in circulation for years. Mercury poisoning is the result of exposure to mercury or mercury compounds resulting in various toxic effects depending on its chemical form and route of exposure.

The major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is largely through eating contaminated fish, seafood, and wildlife that have been exposed to mercury through the ingestion of contaminated lower organisms.

King mackerel, marlin, orange roughy, shark, swordfish, tilefish, ahi tuna, and all contain high levels of mercury.

Human activity is the main cause of mercury release, especially coal-fired power stations, residential coal burning for heating and cooking, industrial processes, waste incinerators, and as a result of mining for mercury, gold, and other metals.

Reducing consumption of raw materials and products generating mercury releases

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The correct order of layers of Earth's interior from outside to the Earth's center is:

a. Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Crust, Outer Core, Inner Core.

Option A is the correct answer.

This refers to the layers that make up the earth namely: the lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower mantle (also known as mesospheric mantle), outer core, and inner core The core makes ups 15 percent of the Earth's volume, and the mantle takes 84 percent. The remaining 1 percent is made up of the crust.

Earth's layers can be positioned according to chemical composition ( that is what they are made of) or mechanical properties (that is rock strength and elasticity).

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