Consider the most common ions formed by fluorine (F–), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), and aluminum (Al3+), respectively. How many electrons does each of these ions have?

Answer:

Its atomic mass increases by 1

An isotope of that element is fotmed with mass differences by 1

Explanation:

Answer:

i) The size of X ion is greater than that of X atom even though both contain the same number of protons because the ion has fewer electrons compared to the atom. When an atom forms an anion (negative ion), it gains electrons, which causes increased electron-electron repulsion. This repulsion causes the electron cloud to expand, and as a result, the ion becomes larger than the neutral atom.

In the case of element X, when it forms an ion with a -3 charge, it will gain 3 more electrons, increasing the total number of electrons to 18. This will cause the size of the X ion to be larger than the neutral X atom.

ii) To determine the compound of X in the -3 oxidation state, we first need to determine the element's identity. We know that X has 15 electrons in total (2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 5 in the M shell). Therefore, X has an atomic number of 15, which corresponds to phosphorus (P).

Since phosphorus is in the -3 oxidation state, it gains 3 electrons and becomes P^3-. To form a compound, we need a cation that can balance the negative charge. A common example is aluminum (Al), which has a +3 charge (Al^3+). When phosphorus and aluminum combine, they form the compound aluminum phosphide with the formula AlP.

Answer:

The third option

Explanation:

This reaction is a single replacement reaction because K replaced Mg and a redox reaction because the ion charges of the elements changed from a 0 charge on K to +1 charge, and a +2 charge on Mg to a 0 charge.

The [H⁺] is 0.019 M and the pH of the solution is 1.72

Since HCl is a strong acid with a single ionizable hydrogen ion, the concentration of H⁺ ions will be same as the molar concentration of  HCl solution.

\(\rm Molar\ concentration \ of \ HCl\ [HCl] = \frac{no. \ of\ moles\ of\ HCl}{Volume\ of\ the\ solution[L]}\)

\(\rm Number\ of\ moles\ of\ HCl = \frac{Given\ mass}{Molecular\ mass}\)

                                       \(= \frac{108.4}{36.5}\)

                                       \(= 2.96 \ moles\)

Therefore,      

\(\rm [HCl] = \frac{2.96}{150.0}\)

\(\rm [HCl] = 0.019\ M\)

Therefore, [H⁺] = 0.019 M

Since, pH = - log [H⁺]

                = - log [0.019]

                =  1.72

The [H⁺] is 0.019 M and the pH of the solution is 1.72.

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16400 Joules is the kinetic energy of a 328kg object with a velocity of 10m/s.

Kinetic energy is simply energy possessed by a body in motion.

Kinetic energy is expressed as;

Kinetic energy = 1/2 × m × v²

Where v is velocity and m is mass of the object,

Given the data in the question;

To determine the kinetic energy of the object, plug the given values into the formula above.

Kinetic energy = 1/2 × m × v²

Kinetic energy = 1/2 × 328kg × (10m/s)²

Kinetic energy = 1/2 × 328kg × 100m²/s²

Kinetic energy = 328kg × 50m²/s²

Kinetic energy = 16400kgm²/s²

Kinetic energy = 16400J

Therefore, the kinetic energy 16400 Joules.

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Answer: It shows whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

Explanation:

From the diagram (see the attached image), the part of the organism that performs a function similar to the part of the cell marked with the arrow would be the brain.

The part marked with the arrow represents the nucleus of the cell.

It is then safe to infer that the nucleus of a cell and the brain of an organism are functionally similar. Hence, the part of the organism that performs a function similar to the part of the cell marked with the arrow is the brain.

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The mass of silicon, Si produced from the reaction is 329.41 g

SiCl₄ + 2Mg —> 2MgCl₂ + Si

Molar mass of SiCl₄ = 28 + (35.5×4) = 170 g/mol

Mass of SiCl₄ from the balanced equation = 1 × 170 = 170 g

Molar mass of Si = 28 g/mol

Mass of Si from the balanced equation = 1 × 28 = 28 g

From the balanced equation above,

170 g of SiCl₄ reacted to produce 28 g of Si.

From the balanced equation above,

170 g of SiCl₄ reacted to produce 28 g of Si.

Therefore,

2 Kg (i.e 2000 g) of SiCl₄ will react to produce = (2000 × 28) / 170 = 329.41 g of Si

Thus, 329.41 g of Si were obtained from the reaction

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The reaction order and specific reaction rate constant can be determined by performing the kinetics experiment on irreversible polymerization A. Kinetic experiments can be used to investigate the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions' speed and pathway.

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Answer:

26.110 grams of O2 produced.

Explanation:

Calculate the amount of moles in KClO3 by dividing the amount of grams given by the atomic weight of the substance.

To get the atomic weight: K = 39.098, Cl = 35.45, O = 15.999, and there are 3 molecules of Oxygen, so multiply 15.999 by three.

39.098 + 35.45 + (15.999 * 3) = 122.548.

66.7g / 122.548 atomic mass = 0.544 moles.

The ratio of moles of KClO3 to moles of O2 is 2 to 3.

\(\frac{2}{3}\) = \(\frac{0.544}{y}\)

Cross multiply to get 1.632 = 2y. Y = 0.816, meaning 0.816 moles of O2 will be produced.

Convert this into grams by multiplying by the atomic weight of O2 (15.999 * 2 = 31.998).

0.816 * 31.998 = 26.110 grams of O2 produced.

Answer:

b.  growth in the size of the mineral grains

Explanation:

Non-foliated texture shown by a metamorphic change is depicted by growth in the size of the mineral grains.

Answer:

its b home slice

Explanation:

Answer:

Invasive species are an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it's not native.

Explanation:

An invasive species can harm both the natural resources in the ecosystem as well it threaten the human use of these resources and invasive species can be introduced to a new area via the ballast water of oceangoing ships, intentional and accidental releases of aquaculture species, aquarium specimens or bait, and etc.

Invasive species is capable of causing extinctions to native plants and animals, reducing biodiversity, competing with native organisms for limited resources, and altering habitats. This can also result a huge economic impacts and fundamental disruptions of coastal and the great lakes of the ecosystems.

I hope it helps you.

mole = \(\frac{10}{36.5} =0.27\) moles = \(1.626*10^{23}\)      molecules of HCl.

To calculate the pH of the solution obtained by mixing HCl and NaOH, we need to consider the neutralization reaction between the two compounds. The reaction between HCl (hydrochloric acid) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide) produces water (H₂O) and forms a salt (NaCl).

Given:

Volume of HCl solution (V₁) = 40 cm³

Concentration of HCl solution (C₁) = 0.2 M

Volume of NaOH solution (V₂) = 30 cm³

Concentration of NaOH solution (C₂) = 0.1 M

1. Determine the moles of HCl and NaOH used:

Moles of HCl = Concentration (C₁) × Volume (V₁)

Moles of HCl = 0.2 M × 0.04 L (converting cm³ to L)

Moles of HCl = 0.008 mol

Moles of NaOH = Concentration (C₂) × Volume (V₂)

Moles of NaOH = 0.1 M × 0.03 L (converting cm³ to L)

Moles of NaOH = 0.003 mol

2. Determine the limiting reagent:

The stoichiometry of the reaction between HCl and NaOH is 1:1, meaning that they react in a 1:1 ratio. Whichever reactant is present in a smaller amount will be the limiting reagent.

In this case, NaOH is present in a smaller amount (0.003 mol), which means it will be fully consumed during the reaction.

3. Determine the excess reagent and its remaining moles:

Since NaOH is the limiting reagent, we need to find the remaining moles of HCl.

Moles of HCl remaining = Moles of HCl initially - Moles of NaOH reacted

Moles of HCl remaining = 0.008 mol - 0.003 mol

Moles of HCl remaining = 0.005 mol

4. Calculate the concentration of HCl in the resulting solution:

Volume of resulting solution = Volume of HCl solution + Volume of NaOH solution

Volume of resulting solution = 0.04 L + 0.03 L

Volume of resulting solution = 0.07 L

Concentration of HCl in the resulting solution = Moles of HCl remaining / Volume of resulting solution

Concentration of HCl in the resulting solution = 0.005 mol / 0.07 L

Concentration of HCl in the resulting solution ≈ 0.071 M

5. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution:

pH = -log[H⁺]

pH = -log(0.071)

Using logarithm properties, we can determine the pH value:

pH ≈ -log(0.071)

pH ≈ -(-1.147)

pH ≈ 1.147

Therefore, the pH of the solution obtained by mixing 40 cm³ of 0.2 M HCl and 30 cm³ of 0.1 M NaOH is approximately 1.147.

The molarity is an important method which is used to determine the concentration of a solution. So the term molarity is also known as the concentration. Here the grams of Kr which occupies a volume of 42.6 mL is

The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. Its unit is mol L⁻¹ and it is essential to calculate the concentration of a binary solution.

Here M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

M₂ = M₁V₁ /  V₂

25.7 mL = 0.0257 L

42.6 mL = 0.0426 L

M₂ =  5.10 × 0.0257 / 0.0426  = 3.076 g

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Answer:

Chemical processes can be types of biological processes.

Chemical substances can be found in the bloodstream.

Chemical processes work to maintain homeostasis.

Explanation:

The listed three choices are true statements about chemical processes. Chemical processes brings about chemical change and they occur in biological organisms.

Some examples of chemical processes in organisms is metabolism of food.

Also, chemical processes can help regulate the internal environment of an organism. It is known that chemical reactions at certain times acts a thermoregulators in the body.

Examples of chemical substances in the body are glucose, amino acid, proteins etc.

Answer:

Chemical substances can be found in the bloodstream.

Chemical processes work to maintain homeostasis.

Chemical processes can be types of biological processes.

Explanation:

Edge 2020 just got it right

The volume of the tank is approximately 130.75 m³.

To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of air and water vapor mixture. The given data includes the mass of dry air and water vapor, temperature, and total pressure. We can calculate the specific humidity, relative humidity, and volume of the tank using the following steps:

(a) Specific humidity:

The specific humidity (ω) is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor (m_w) to the total mass of the air-water vapor mixture (m_t):

ω = m_w / m_t

Given that the mass of water vapor is 0.17 kg and the total mass of the mixture is 15 kg + 0.17 kg = 15.17 kg, we can calculate the specific humidity:

ω = 0.17 kg / 15.17 kg ≈ 0.0112

So, the specific humidity is approximately 0.0112.

(b) Relative humidity:

Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor (P_w) to the saturation vapor pressure of water (P_ws) at the given temperature, multiplied by 100:

RH = (P_w / P_ws) * 100

To find the relative humidity, we need to determine the saturation vapor pressure at 30°C. Using a vapor pressure table or equation, we can find that the saturation vapor pressure at 30°C is approximately 4.246 kPa.

Given that the total pressure is 100 kPa, the partial pressure of water vapor is 0.17 kg / 15.17 kg * 100 kPa = 1.119 kPa.

Now we can calculate the relative humidity:

RH = (1.119 kPa / 4.246 kPa) * 100 ≈ 26.34%

So, the relative humidity is approximately 26.34%.

(c) Volume of the tank:

To find the volume of the tank, we can use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

Where P is the total pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of dry air and water vapor in the tank. The number of moles (n) can be obtained using the equation:

n = m / M

Where m is the mass and M is the molar mass.

The molar mass of dry air is approximately 28.97 g/mol, and the molar mass of water vapor is approximately 18.015 g/mol.

For dry air:

n_air = 15 kg / 0.02897 kg/mol ≈ 517.82 mol

For water vapor:

n_water = 0.17 kg / 0.018015 kg/mol ≈ 9.43 mol

Now we can calculate the volume using the ideal gas law:

V = (n_air + n_water) * R * T / P

Given that R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), T is the temperature in Kelvin (30°C + 273.15 = 303.15 K), and P is the total pressure (100 kPa), we can calculate the volume:

V = (517.82 mol + 9.43 Mol) * 8.314 J/(mol·K) * 303.15 K / (100,000 Pa) ≈ 130.75 m³

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The results of the lab activity showed that the larger the mass of the sun, the more likely at least one planet will fall into the habitable zone.

The mass of the sun affects the orbits of planets in a solar system. When the mass of the sun is larger, the gravitational force between the sun and the planets is stronger, causing the planets to move at a slower pace around the sun.

Conversely, when the mass of the sun is smaller, the gravitational force is weaker, causing the planets to move at a faster pace.

Additionally, when Earth is closer to the sun, the gravitational force is stronger, causing its orbit to become faster, while a farther distance from the sun results in a slower orbit.

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a) In the reaction \(H_2CO_3 + CN^- = HCN + HCO^{3-}\), \(H_2CO_3\) acts as an acid by donating a proton (\(H^+\)) to \(CN^-\).

b) In the reaction \(F^- + HSO_4^{-} = HF + SO_4^{2-}\), \(HSO_4^{-}\) acts as an acid by donating a proton (\(H^+\)) to \(F^-\).

c) In the reaction \(HSO_4^- + H_2O = H_3O^+ + SO_4^{2-\), \(HSO_4^{-}\) acts as an acid by donating a proton (\(H^+\)) to \(H_2O\).

a) The acid is both an Arrhenius acid (produces \(H^+\) ions in water) and a Bronsted-Lowry acid (donates a proton to a base).

b) The acid is both an Arrhenius acid (produces \(H^+\) ions in water) and a Bronsted-Lowry acid (donates a proton to a base).

c) The acid is a Bronsted-Lowry acid (donates a proton to a base) but not an Arrhenius acid because it does not produce \(H^+\) ions in water. However, the \(H_3O^+\) ion that is formed can be considered an Arrhenius acid because it produces \(H^+\) ions in water.

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The concentration of the hydrogen carbonate ion ([HCO₃⁻]) is approximately 3.15 x 10⁷ and the concentration of the carbonic acid ([H₂CO₃]) is approximately 2.52 x 10⁷.

The carbonate buffer system plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of the extracellular environment. In this system, carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) and hydrogen carbonate (HCO₃⁻) act as a conjugate acid-base pair. Given that the ratio of carbonic acid to hydrogen carbonate is 1.25:1, we can assume that the initial concentration of carbonic acid is higher. Let's denote the initial concentration of carbonic acid as [H₂CO₃] and the concentration of hydrogen carbonate as [HCO₃⁻]. The dissociation of carbonic acid can be represented by the equation: H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻. The equilibrium constant (Ka) for this reaction is given as 4.5 x 10⁻⁷. At physiological pH (7.35), the concentration of H⁺ is determined by the dissociation of carbonic acid and is tightly regulated. To calculate the concentration of hydrogen carbonate ion ([HCO₃⁻]), we need to make use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃])

Substituting the given values, we have:

7.35 = -log(4.5 x 10⁻⁷) + log([HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃])

Rearranging the equation, we find:

log([HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃]) = 7.35 + log(4.5 x 10⁻⁷)

Taking antilog of both sides, we get:

[HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃] = 10^(7.35 + log(4.5 x 10⁻⁷))

Simplifying the right-hand side, we have:

[HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃] ≈ 3.15 x 10⁷

Since the initial ratio of H₂CO₃ to HCO₃⁻ is 1.25:1, we can set up the equation:

[HCO₃⁻] = 1.25 x [H₂CO₃]

Substituting the value of [HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃] from above, we find:

1.25 x [H₂CO₃] = 3.15 x 10⁷

Solving for [H₂CO₃], we get:

[H₂CO₃] ≈ 2.52 x 10⁷

Therefore, the concentration of the hydrogen carbonate ion ([HCO₃⁻]) is approximately 3.15 x 10⁷ and the concentration of the carbonic acid ([H₂CO₃]) is approximately 2.52 x 10⁷.

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Answer:

Aluminium ions present's in 65.5mL of 0.210

M All 3solution is Given below-:

Answer and Explanation: 1

The first step is to determine the moles of aluminum ions. This utilizes the volume, molar concentration, and subscripts from the chemical formula of aluminum (III) fluoride as shown.

65.5 mL×1 L1000 mL×0.210 mol AlF31 L×1 mol Al3+1 mol AlF3=0.013755 mol Al3+65.5 mL×1 L1000 mL×0.210 mol AlF31 L×1 mol Al3+1 mol AlF3=0.013755 mol Al3+

To calculate for the number of aluminum ions, we use Avogadro's number as shown.

0.013755 mol Al3+×6.022×1023 ions1 mol Al3+=8.28×1021 ions Al3+.

Itz the ans. of collage ok man.

Answer:

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Explanation:

The first step is to determine the moles of aluminum ions. This utilizes the volume, molar concentration, and subscripts from the chemical formula of aluminum (III) fluoride as shown.

65.5. To calculate for the number of aluminum ions, we use Avogadro's number as shown.

Answer:All matter consists of particles, which vibrate (wiggle about a fixed position), translate (move from one location to another) and even rotate (revolve about an imaginary axis). An object ... or a particle ... that is moving has kinetic energy. A warm cup of water on a countertop may appear to be as still as can be; yet the particles that are contained within it have kinetic energy. At the particle level, there are atoms and molecules that are vibrating, rotating and moving through the space of its container. Stick a thermometer in the cup of water and you will see the evidence that the water possesses kinetic energy. The water's temperature, as reflected by the thermometer's reading, is a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy possessed by the water molecules.

Explanation:

A beaker of cold water is placed in a hot water bath at 90°C. The final temperature after diffusion will be below 90°C.

The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points or thermometric substances.

The most popular scales are the Kelvin scale (K), which is mostly used for scientific purposes, the Fahrenheit system (°F), as well as the Celsius scale, which has the unit symbol °C. A beaker of cold water is placed in a hot water bath at 90°C. The final temperature after diffusion will be below 90°C.

Therefore, the final temperature after diffusion will be below 90°C.

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The question requires us to calculate the concentration, in mol/L, of H3O+ and OH- ions for a 0.00016 M NaOH solution.

Since NaOH is a strong base, we can consider that it completely dissociates in water:

From the dissociation reaction shown above, we can say that the concentration of OH- ions in a NaOH solution will be the same as the concentration of NaOH.

Thus: [OH-] = 0.00016 mol/L

Now, we can apply the ion-product constant of liquid water (Kw) to calculate the concentration of H3O+ ions:

Since the value of [OH-] is 0.00016 M and considering the value of Kw as 1.00 x 10^-14, we calcuate [H3O+]:

Therefore, the concentration of [OH-] and [H3O+] ions are 1.6 x 10^-4 and 6.3 x 10^-11 M, respectively.

Answer:

Volume = 3.4 L

Explanation:

In order to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced when 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, we need to first write out the balanced equation of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃:

CaCO₃ (s) + [Heat] ⇒ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles in 15.2 g CaCO₃:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}}\)

                 = \(\frac{15.2}{40.1 + 12 + (16 \times 3)}\)

                 = 0.1518 moles

From the balanced equation above, we can see that the stoichiometric molar ratios of CaCO₃ and CO₂ are equal. Therefore, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is also 0.1518 moles.

Hence, from the formula for the number of moles of a gas, we can calculate the volume of  CO₂:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{Volume \ in \ L}{22.4}}\)

⇒ \(0.1518 = \mathrm{\frac{Volume}{22.4}}\)

⇒ Volume = 0.1518 × 22.4

                 = 3.4 L

Therefore, if 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, 3.4 L of CO₂ is produced at STP.

Answer:

hydro ponic plants

Explanation:

coz they are hydro

Ethyne gas undergo combustion reaction to give two moles of carbon dioxide and water as per the balanced equation written below:

\(\rm C_{2} H_{2} + \frac{5}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 2CO_{2} + H_{2}O\)

Combustion is a type of reaction in which a gas burns in oxygen to give water and carbon dioxide. Hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes or alkynes easily undergo combustion reaction and they can be used as fuels.

C₂H₂ is an alkyne names ethyne and it is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with triple bond between two carbon atoms. Ethyne gas reacts with oxygen to give two moles of carbon dioxide and one mole of water.

To balance the number of carbons the right side carbon dioxide is multiplied by 2 and the number of oxygens is balanced accordingly to get the balanced equation as follows:

\(\rm C_{2} H_{2} + \frac{5}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 2CO_{2} + H_{2}O\)

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Answer:

The volume is 18,000mL.

Explanation:

The given information from the exercise is:

- C2H6 gas

- Mass: 30.0g

- Pressure: 960mmHg

- Temperature: 275K

1st) To calculate the volume it is necessary to use the Ideal Gas formula, making sure that the variables are in atm, liters, mole and Kelvin.

- Conversion of 960mmHg to atm:

- Conversion of 30.0g to moles, using the molar mass of C2H6 (30g/mol):

The number of mole is 1.

2nd) Now we can replace the values in the Ideal Gas formula to find the volume:

3rd) Finally, we have to convert the liters to mL:

So, the volume is 18,000mL.

Answer:

\(K=1.7x10^{-3}\)

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to solve this problem by firstly setting up the equilibrium expression for the given reaction, in agreement to the law of mass action:

\(K=\frac{[NO]^2}{[N_2][O_2]}\)

Next, we plug in the given concentrations on the data table to obtain:

\(K=\frac{(0.034)^2}{(0.69)(0.98)}\\\\K=1.7x10^{-3}\)

Regards!

By using the ideal gas law and Avogadro's number, we find that there are approximately 6.72 × 10^22 molecules of CO2 in 2.5 L at STP.

To determine the number of molecules of CO2 in 2.5 L at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we can use the ideal gas law and Avogadro's number.

Avogadro's number (N_A) is a fundamental constant representing the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) in one mole of substance. Its value is approximately 6.022 × 10^23 particles/mol.

STP conditions are defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (1 atm).

First, we need to convert the volume from liters to moles of CO2. To do this, we use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT,

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Since we have STP conditions, we can substitute the values:

(1 atm) × (2.5 L) = n × (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) × (273.15 K).

Simplifying the equation:

2.5 = n × 22.4149.

Solving for n (the number of moles):

n = 2.5 / 22.4149 ≈ 0.1116 moles.

Next, we can calculate the number of molecules using Avogadro's number:

Number of molecules = n × N_A.

Number of molecules = 0.1116 moles × (6.022 × 10^23 particles/mol).

Number of molecules ≈ 6.72 × 10^22 molecules.

Therefore, there are approximately 6.72 × 10^22 molecules of CO2 in 2.5 L at STP.

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