Consider the interior surface of the human stomach and its secretions, shown in the figure. Why doesn’t gastric juice, composed of hydrochloric acid and a protease called pepsin, digest the cells that line the stomach?.

Answers

Answer 1

The cells that line the stomach are not digested by the gastric juice, which is made up of hydrochloric acid and a protease called pepsin.

The cells that line the stomach are not digested by the gastric juice because the stomach wall's cells produce a bicarbonate-rich mucus that covers the surface layer of the stomach's mucosa. This bicarbonate-rich mucus forms a thin, gel-like layer that covers and protects the stomach wall's lining cells from the acid and enzymes present in gastric juice.The pH of the stomach is highly acidic, ranging from 1.5 to 3.5. These acidic conditions assist in pepsin activation and breaking down protein molecules.

The cells that line the stomach are safe because they secrete a thin, alkaline mucus layer that protects them from hydrochloric acid and other digestive enzymes.Therefore, gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin, does not digest the cells lining the stomach because they are protected by a bicarbonate-rich mucus layer that coats the stomach's mucosa.

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Answer 2

Gastric juice is composed of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, a protease enzyme. These secretions are involved in the digestion of food, particularly proteins. However, the cells lining the stomach are not digested by these secretions. This is due to the protective lining of mucus that covers the inner surface of the stomach walls.

The mucus protects the cells lining the stomach from being digested by the acidic gastric juice. This mucus layer is made up of specialized cells called goblet cells, which secrete a viscous and alkaline mucus layer onto the surface of the stomach.

The mucus layer acts as a barrier between the gastric juice and the stomach lining. The mucus also contains bicarbonate ions that neutralize the acidity of the gastric juice, providing additional protection to the cells lining the stomach. If the mucus layer is damaged, it can lead to stomach ulcers, which are painful and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

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Related Questions

A species that remains when an acid has lost a proton is a.

Answers

conjugate base of the acid.

hello people ~
What type of symbiosis occurs when one organism benefits and the other is harmed?

Answers

Answer:

Parasitism

Explanation:

In this a parasite takes its food or other needs from the host but later harms the host too.Some examples like leeches who takes blood from our body but harms us too

Parasitism is an ecological relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits while the other organism suffers. It may also be a type of symbiosis.

The majority of microorganisms investigated in medical microbiology are parasitic and prey on human tissue. Parasitic microbes, for instanse, cause cholera, leishmaniasis, and giardia. Any relationship between two or more biological species is referred to as symbiosis. Such relationships are typically long-term and have a significant impact on one or both organisms' fitness. Benefits and physical characteristics distinguish symbiotic relationships. Mutualism, defined as a relationship in which both species benefit, is very common in nature. There are numerous examples of mutualistic bacteria in the abdomen that aid digestion in both humans and animals in microbiology. A commensal relationship is one in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected. Humans have a variety of commensal bacteria in their bodies that do not harm them but are necessary for survival, like when dead skin is consumed by bacteria.

I am joyous to assist you at any time.

drag the correct numbers into position to show mrs. h what will happen to her if she breathes half as deeply but twice as often.

Answers

Mrs. H's respiratory rate will increase and the oxygen concentration in her blood will decrease if she breathes half as deeply but twice as often. This will lead to respiratory distress and may even result in fainting.

Breathing is the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs. This process is critical since it allows the body to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. The respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken in a minute. It can be affected by various factors such as exercise, anxiety, and illness. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during each breath is known as  respiratory ratevolume. When Mrs. H breathes half as deeply but twice as often, her respiratory rate will increase, while the tidal volume will decrease. This leads to respiratory distress since the oxygen concentration in her blood will decrease. As a result, the body may respond by hyperventilating, which can cause fainting if prolonged.

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What is the density of an object that has a mass of 30g and a volume of 50cm3 ?
0.6g/cm3 2g/cm3
32g/cm3
O 1,500 g/cm3

Answers

Answer:

0.6g/cm³

Explanation:

density = mass/volume

density = 30/50 = 0.6g/cm³

which list contains items that all belong together? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices genetics, learning, maturation incorrect: nurture, experience, maturation nurture, experience, maturation maturation, heredity, nature genetics, the environment, experience

Answers

The correct answer is "nurture, experience, maturation." These three terms are all related to the development and shaping of an individual's behavior and personality.

Nurture refers to the influence of the environment, including upbringing and socialization, on an individual's development. Experience includes the various events and interactions that a person encounters throughout their life, which can also shape their behavior and personality. Maturation refers to the natural biological processes that occur as an individual grows and develops, which can also have an impact on their behavior and personality.

Therefore, all three of these terms are closely related and belong together in the same category of factors that contribute to human development.

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1. Why do trees that grow alone in a field often have a large spread out canopy of leaves as well as being as wide as it is tall, whereas trees that grow in a
rainforest are extremely tall and have concentrated canopies at the very top of the tree?

1. Why do trees that grow alone in a field often have a large spread out canopy of leaves as well as

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length?.

Answers

Answer:

this was sooooo long ago i forgot how to do this

Explanation:

If the DNA strand has the sequence CGCCTAAA, what would the complementary RNA strand be?
a.GCGGUTTT
b.GCGGAUUU
c. CGCCAUUU
d.two of these correct

Answers

The complementary RNA strand to the DNA sequence CGCCTAAA would be GCGGAUUU.

Option (b) is correct.

To determine the complementary RNA strand, we need to follow the base-pairing rules between DNA and RNA. In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) as in DNA. The base pairing rules are as follows:

Adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U)

Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G)

Guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C)

Thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A) in DNA only

Given the DNA sequence CGCCTAAA, we can pair each nucleotide with its complementary base in RNA:

C pairs with G

G pairs with C

C pairs with G

T (replaced by U in RNA) pairs with A

A pairs with U

A pairs with U

A pairs with U

This gives us the complementary RNA sequence GCGGAUUU, which is option b.

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When looking at the mating timetable below I can deduce the following:
The Peeper frog and the Leopard frog can easily interbreed because their
mating activity occurs at almost the exact same time.
The Tree frog and the Bullfrog have a very small window of time to
interbreed between June 1 and July 1.
You tell me:
Which two amphibians (frogs and toads) on the mating timetable below do
not interbreed? MARK TWO ANSWER CHOICES

When looking at the mating timetable below I can deduce the following:The Peeper frog and the Leopard

Answers

Based on the mating activity shown, the two amphibians (frogs and toads) on the mating timetable that do not interbreed are bullfrog ad wood frogs.

What is interbreeding?

Interbreeding is the act of breeding or mating between individuals of different species, subspecies, or populations that would not normally interbreed in the wild. This can result in offspring with genetic traits that are a mix of both parents.

Interbreeding can occur naturally, but it can also happen through intentional human intervention, such as in animal breeding or in the creation of hybrid plants.

In some cases, interbreeding can lead to the development of new species or subspecies over time.

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Why are domestic fuel sources preferable to international fuel sources?
A.
Domestic fuels do not require combustion.
B.
Acquiring fuels from abroad can pose a national security risk.
C.
Domestic fuels are always cheaper to acquire and renewable.
D.
International fuels will run out before domestic fuels.

Answers

Answer:  Domestic fuels are always cheaper to acquire and renewable.

Explanation:

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation? a) a frameshift mutation. b) a polypeptide missing its N-terminus. c) a polypeptide missing an amino acid. d) a base-pair substitution.

Answers

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis, which is a deletion of a single codon, typically results in:

a) a frameshift mutation.

A frameshift mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are inserted or deleted in the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame during translation. In the case of a deletion of a single codon, the entire reading frame is affected, leading to changes in the subsequent codons and the resulting polypeptide sequence.

This frameshift mutation can have significant consequences for the structure and function of the protein produced, which in the case of cystic fibrosis, is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.

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Which event is a direct result of transpiration and evaporation?
A) Moisture leaves the atmosphere.
B) Moisture enters the atmosphere.
C) The atmosphere warms.
D) Cloud cover decreases

Answers

Answer:

B) Moisture enters the atmosphere.

anybody help me please? please? the teacher just want the work from me please? I will brainliest...

Answers

Answer:

ok

Explanation:

What is the question. Let see if I can try

The sun starts off and gives the plants energy along with water. The plants are consumed by grazers and the energy is passed on. Through this transfer of energy, most of it is lost through heat. When the prey is consumed by the predator even more of the energy that is left is lost through heat.

Answers

Answer:

The energy that is left is then transferred to the top predators. This process is often referred to as a food chain or food web.

The energy from the sun is not just used by plants, but also by animals for movement, growth and other activities. This energy is then passed on to other animals or is used for metabolic processes and is eventually released as heat. This is how energy is transferred through the food web.

Explanation:

The energy that is left is then transferred to the top predators. This process is often referred to as a food chain or food web.

The energy from the sun is not just used by plants, but also by animals for movement, growth and other activities. This energy is then passed on to other animals or is used for metabolic processes and is eventually released as heat. This is how energy is transferred through the food web.

Name three ways human caused rocks to break​

Answers

Answer:

Weathering causes the disintegration of rock near the surface of the earth. Plant and animal life, atmosphere and water are the major causes of weathering. Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice.

Explanation:

Describe the four structural roles of the skeletal system.
The Human SKELETAL SYSTEM

Answers

Answer:

1. Support

2. Protection

3. Movement

4. Supply & Storage

Explanation:

1. Support :  It provides a framework to support the organs and tissues of the body.  

2. Protection:  It protects our internal organs.  The skull protects the brain; the thorax (sternum, ribs and spine) protects the heart, lungs and other viscera (organs within the thorax).

3. Movement:  It provides a framework for muscles to attach.  Then when the muscles contract they pull on the bones of the skeleton, which act like levers to create movement.

4. Supply & Storage:  The bones that make up the skeleton are a source of both red blood cells (which transport oxygen) and white blood cells (which fight infection), which are formed within the bone marrow.

Answer:

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

Explanation:

What are the Hypothesis for both Light and Dark-colored Bark?? PLEASE HELP

Answers

Example: If I investigate the light-colored bark environment, then I will observe an increase in the light-colored peppered moths over time.
Hypothesis for the light-colored bark:
If the number of light colored bark environments increases, then so will the population of light colored pepper moths over time.
Hypothesis for the dark-colored bark:
If the number of dark colored bark environments increases, then so will the population of dark colored pepper moths over time
best answer I can provide my bad if not what ur looking for.

brief summary of conservation of forests & wildlife

least 10 page

Answers

With the advent of industrialization, several trees have been cut at an alarming rate for raw materials and various other purposes. This felling of trees can be regulated by selective cutting, clear-cutting and shelterwood cutting.

Forest fires are one of the common causes of loss of forests. Sometimes the forest land is set on fire to make the land available for commercial purposes. Once cleared, there can be no vegetation. Natural forest fires are also responsible for the destruction of huge forest covers. Latest fire fighting techniques should be adopted to conserve the forest. However, forest fires are an important part of the ecosystem and it helps replenish nutrients in the soil from dead and decaying matter.

More trees should be planted to increase the forest cover. Trees should be selected according to the geographical conditions of a particular region and proper care should be taken during the growth of trees.

Prevention of exploitation of forestry and forest products is necessary for the conservation of forest.

The existing forests should be protected from diseases by spraying chemicals, antibiotics or development of pest-resistant strains of trees.

Which of the following higher-order structures forms first? A) Double helix B) Nucleosome C) Solenoid D) Loops 6

Answers

The nucleosome forms first in the higher-order structures of DNA. It is composed of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, forming a bead-like structure.

The nucleosomes then further condense into a solenoid structure, which consists of stacked nucleosomes forming a helical structure. The loops and double helix structures form later in the process of DNA organization and packaging. So, the  nucleosome is the first higher-order structure to form.
The first higher-order structure that forms is A) Double helix.

1. Double helix: DNA molecules are composed of two strands that wrap around each other, forming a double helix structure. This is the first higher-order structure that forms.
2. Nucleosome: After the double helix is formed, DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes.
3. Solenoid: Nucleosomes further coil together to form a solenoid structure.
4. Loops: Solenoids then organize into loops to create higher-order chromatin structures.

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Metric temperature is measured in Celsius and Fahrenheit
True
False

Answers

Answer:

The Answer to this question is False.

Explanation:

Answer:

false, it should be only in celsius

Explanation:

Movement of the sole (bottom) of the foot towards the midline/median plane of the body is called what

Answers

Answer:

it's called foot inversion

normally the foot can perform inversion upto 30 degrees...I hope this helps

place the levels of organization from smallest to largest , with smallest listed first.


















Answers

Answer:

B - D - A - C, that's you answer

if not like that please post  your choices as well.

Explanation:

The tendrils of a plant wrapping around a garden stake is an example of ___.

Answers

The tendrils of a plant wrapping around a garden stake is an example of thigmotropism.

Thigmotropism, here the plant grows when it is in touch or contact of the object.

Tendril is a specialized leaf, stem or petiole which binds around the stem in spiral or irregular circles.

This coiling help plant to get maximum sunlight and provide them support.

Tendrils shows thigmotropism, when they come in contact with an object and sends the signal which turn the tendril to coil around the object.

There are 2 types of thigmotropism, positive is shown by tendrils and negative is shown by the roots of plants.

Family Cucurbitaceae shows tendril, shows coiling of plant.

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Which of these organisms is not matched to the main type of nitrogenous waste it excretes?
Reptiles−−uric acid
Terrestrial insects−−uric acid
Freshwater fishes−−ammonia
Marine fishes−−ammonia

Answers

The correct option is B -Terrestrial insects−−uric acid.

The species that is incompatible with the main sort of nitrogenous waste it excretes is an insect that lives on land. The correct response for terrestrial insects is "uric acid," not "ammonia."

The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by terrestrial insects, such as insects and spiders, is uric acid. Uric acid is a somewhat insoluble waste product that requires less water for excretion in organisms living in dry or terrestrial settings.

Hence option B is correct.

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Stronger earthquakes closer to the surface and gas
explosions

Answers

Answer:

Aftershocks are sometimes just as hazardous as the main quake itself. In fact, aftershocks may be so strong that they're stronger than the main quake. ... While foreshocks occur around the same time of the main quake, aftershocks may not occur until days or weeks later! The point at the Earth's surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake. At the epicenter, the strongest shaking occurs during an earthquake.

Hope this helps, have a great day/night, and stay safe!

In a food chain 200 kg of wheat is fed on by 18 kg of mice which in turn are eaten by 1kg of hawk. What is the percentage energy transferred from the first trophic level to the third?

Answers

Answer:

0.1% of energy

Explanation:

Energy flow: From the whole quantity of energy that reaches the earth's surface, autotroph organisms or producers absorb only 0.1 or 1%.

From the input of solar energy begins a unidirectional energy flow through all the organisms in the ecosystem, from autotrophs to heterotrophs, until it is dissipated in the environment.  

At each trophic level occurs an energy transfer to the next, with only 10% being usable in each of them. This assessment is called "The 10% rule". As a general rule, only about 10% of the energy stored as biomass at one trophic level, per unit time, ends up as biomass at the next trophic level, in the same unit of time.

If wheat transferred 10% of the energy to mice, and of that 10% mice transferred 10% of the energy to hawk, then the percentage of energy transferred from the first trophic level to the third equals 0.1%.

10% (1st TL-2nd TL) / 10% (2nd TL - 3rd TL) = 0.1% (1stTL - 3rd TL)

TL = Trophic level          

immature b cells express – , and mature b cells express – . maturation completes in the secondary lymphoid tissues in the – . there, the immature b cells interact with – and receive a – . quizlet

Answers

Immature B cells express IgM, IgD, CD19, and CD20. Mature B cells express IgD, IgM, CD19, CD20, and CD21.

Immature B cells express surface markers such as IgM and IgD, along with CD19 and CD20. These markers are involved in B cell receptor signaling and activation. Mature B cells, on the other hand, express surface markers including IgD and IgM, as well as CD19, CD20, and CD21.B cell maturation completes in the secondary lymphoid tissues, primarily in the spleen and lymph nodes. Within these tissues, immature B cells interact with specialized antigen-presenting cells called follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). FDCs present antigens to the immature B cells, triggering their activation and initiation of the immune response.During the interaction with FDCs, immature B cells receive signals through their B cell receptors, leading to clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma cells or memory B cells. This process is crucial for the generation of an effective humoral immune response.In summary, immature B cells express IgM, IgD, CD19, and CD20, while mature B cells express IgD, IgM, CD19, CD20, and CD21. B cell maturation completes in secondary lymphoid tissues, where immature B cells interact with follicular dendritic cells and receive signaling for their activation and differentiation.

Complete question should be  What are the surface markers expressed by immature B cells, and what markers do mature B cells express? Where does B cell maturation complete in the secondary lymphoid tissues, and what do immature B cells interact with to receive a signal?

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What is the probability of getting the same numbers on 3 dice when they are thrown simultaneously?

Answers

Answer:

So, assuming the dice are 'fair' (that each of the six numbers has a probability of 1/6 of showing up on each of the dice), there is a probability of 1/36 that all three dice will show the same number.

Explanation:

what is niche differentiation? what is niche differentiation? the evolution of traits that reduce niche overlap and competition interactions that allow species to occupy their fundamental niche the claim that species with the same niche cannot coexist the degree to which the niches of two species overlap

Answers

Niche differentiation refers to the evolution of traits that reduce niche overlap and competition interactions that allow species to occupy their fundamental niche.

This is an important concept in ecology and evolutionary biology as it helps to explain how different species can coexist in the same ecosystem without competing for the same resources.

The degree to which the niches of two species overlap is also a key factor in determining the extent of competition between them. When two species have overlapping niches, they will compete for the same resources, which can lead to one species outcompeting the other or to the evolution of niche differentiation to reduce competition and allow coexistence.

Therefore, niche differentiation is a process that allows different species to use the same resources in different ways, reducing competition and promoting coexistence in the same ecosystem.

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yo yo i um need some help asap

Which two individuals of generation III would have a higher probability of offspring with the trait of interest, shown in black?

A.) 11 and 12

B.) 13 and 14

c.) 11 and 16

D.) 14 and 18

yo yo i um need some help asapWhich two individuals of generation III would have a higher probability

Answers

Answer:11 and 16 on edu

Explanation:

Answer:

C for the first question, B for the second

Explanation:

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