consider the following pedigree which follows the transmission of an autosomal recessive disease. for this disease m is the dominant allele and m is the recessive allele. what are the possible genotypes of individual 2 in the 4th generation (assume we don't yet know if she is a carrier)?
Answers
The possible genotypes of individual 2 in the 4th generation are MM, Mm and mm.
Let's consider the possibilities for the genotypes of individual 2 in the 4th generation, assuming the given information that "m" is the dominant allele and "m" is the recessive allele for the autosomal recessive disease.
Since individual 2 is in the 4th generation, we need to trace the transmission of alleles from previous generations to determine the possible genotypes. However, without additional information about the genotypes of the preceding generations, it's challenging to provide a definitive answer.
Generally, the possible genotypes of individual 2 in the 4th generation could include:
If one of the parents of individual 2 is affected (mm), and the other parent is either affected (mm) or a carrier (Mm), then the possible genotypes of individual 2 could be:
mm (affected)Mm (carrier)If both parents of individual 2 are carriers (Mm), then the possible genotypes of individual 2 could be:
MM (unaffected)Mm (carrier)mm (affected)If both parents of individual 2 are unaffected (MM), then the possible genotype of individual 2 would be:
MM (unaffected)These are the general possibilities for the genotypes of individual 2 in the 4th generation, given the information that "m" is the recessive allele causing the autosomal recessive disease.
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Related Questions
which pathway depicts how the hydrophilic molecule, vitamin c, is transported into cells?
Answers
Vitamin C, a hydrophilic molecule, is transported into cells through a facilitated diffusion pathway. This process involves sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs) that utilize the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions to facilitate the movement of vitamin C across the cell membrane.
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a hydrophilic molecule that cannot pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion due to its polarity. Instead, it relies on facilitated diffusion, which involves the use of specialized transport proteins to facilitate its movement across the cell membrane.
Specifically, vitamin C is transported into cells through the action of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs). These transporters are membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of vitamin C into the cell by harnessing the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions (Na+).
The transport of vitamin C into cells occurs against its concentration gradient, meaning that it is transported from an area of lower concentration (extracellular fluid) to an area of higher concentration (intracellular fluid). This movement is made possible by coupling the transport of vitamin C with the movement of sodium ions down their electrochemical gradient.
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GIVING BRAINLIEST!!
What type of environmental change occurs when the sun warms and melts glaciers and polar ice caps?
A) Lack of food
B) Climate change
C) Increased predators
D) Pollution
Answers
Answer:
B) Climate Change
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
um B Climate change
Explanation:
t24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene is an activated form of the normal human homologue of balb- and harvey-msv transforming genes
Answers
A transforming gene isolated from T24 human bladder carcinoma cells is closely related to the BALB murine sarcoma virus (MSV) onc gene (v-bas).
The 1.2-kbp polyadenylated transcript that this transforming gene produces, which contains v-bas-related sequences, is expressed from a 4.6 kilobase pair (kbp) area where it is localized. Moreover, higher amounts of a similar protein were found in T24 cells using antisera that are known to target the immunologically related onc gene products of the BALB- and Harvey-MSVs.
By using restriction enzymes and heteroduplex analysis, it was discovered that the T24 oncogene could not be distinguished from the v-bas normal human homologue. These findings suggest that the normal human v-bas homologue has been activated as a human transforming gene by relatively minimal genetic changes.
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Given D = dimples and d= no dimples AND P=pointy ears; p=round ears.
Write the genotype of an elf that is heterozygous for both traits.
1 point
DDPP
DPDP
DdPp
dpdp
Answers
Answer:
Dd means dimples are present
Pp means pointy ears
Explanation:
I need help with this question
Answers
Answer:
What other options are there?
Explanation:
while that sounds about right, unless my laptop is being laggy again and not loading the whole thing, i dont see the other options
A magnified crocodile tongue is an example of multicellular organism true or false
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:because any living breathing organism is multicellular
Answer:
True
Explanation:
B/c multicellular organisms are cell of living things
Shade ALL the answers in the OMIR form. 1. The cerebral cartex
A. is Scm thick B. contains 86 billion brain cells C. is the white matter in the brain D. Can generate 600 wasts of electricity
Answers
Based on the options provided, none of the answers (A, B, C, D) should be shaded in the OMIR form as they are all incorrect. The correct answer is not listed among the options.
SOMONE PLS HELP ME!?
I will give brainlyest (how ever u spell it)
Answers
Answer:
Graham had more power than Marshall
Answer:
It's obviously the first option
Explanation:
because Graham lifted 50 obviously weight in 5 seconds
what do biologist call the specialized cells in the nervous systems that detect heat pressure and other environmental stimuli
A. First responders
B. Mitochondria
C. Receptors
D. Organelles
Answers
Answer:
Neurons (specialized cells of the nervous system ) send signals along thin fibers called axons and communicate with other cells by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters at cell-cell junctions called synapses. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition in the nervous system.
Explanation:
hope this helped
brainliest plz
Determine the
phenotype based on
the given genotypes.
Answers
Answer:
theres no image
Explanation:
Which factor does not alter the rate of hydrolysis of maltose, a disaccharide?
A.temperature of the environment of the reaction
B.pH of the environment of the reaction
C.number of enzyme molecules present
D.size of the substrate molecule
Answers
The factor that does not alter the rate hydrolysis of maltose is the number of enzyme molecules present.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that promote various reactions in the body. Enzymes are specific in their action. Therefore, only an enzyme can catalyze a particular reaction. The enzymes work based on a lock and key model.
A disaccharide is composed of two mononosaccharide units. The factor that does not alter the rate hydrolysis of maltose is the number of enzyme molecules present.
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what organisms are multicellular eukaryotes, with the majority being photosynthetic producers?
Answers
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes, with the majority being photosynthetic producers.
Plants, including trees, flowers, grasses, and mosses, are examples of multicellular eukaryotes. They possess complex cellular structures and are made up of different specialized tissues and organs. Most plants are capable of photosynthesis, a process by which they use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Photosynthesis occurs in specialized structures called chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll responsible for capturing sunlight. Through photosynthesis, plants are able to convert solar energy into chemical energy, making them primary producers in ecosystems and providing the foundation for food chains and the oxygen we breathe.
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Cells ONLY need carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms to "live" and perform cell functions. True or false?
I'LL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Yes because our needs oxygen to function.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
They need more than just carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They need amino acids, glucose(sugar), and othe minerals.
Questions why is the heating in the Benedict's is test and millon test carried out in a water bath
Answers
The heating in the Benedict's test and Millon test is carried out in a water bath to maintain a constant and controlled temperature. This ensures accurate and reliable results by minimizing external factors that could influence the reactions taking place.
The Benedict's test and Millon test are both chemical tests used to detect the presence of reducing sugars, such as glucose, in a given solution. These tests involve a reaction between the reducing sugar and a reagent, which undergoes a color change in the presence of the sugar.
Heating is an essential step in both tests because it helps to facilitate the reaction between the reducing sugar and the reagent. By applying heat, the rate of reaction increases, allowing for faster and more reliable results. However, it is crucial to maintain a consistent and controlled temperature throughout the reaction to ensure accuracy.
A water bath is used for this purpose. A water bath consists of a container filled with water that is heated to a specific temperature, typically around 70-100 degrees Celsius, depending on the test being performed. Placing the test tubes containing the reaction mixture into the water bath allows the solution to be heated uniformly and consistently.
The water bath provides a stable and controlled environment, preventing sudden temperature fluctuations that could affect the reaction rate and, consequently, the test results. It helps to maintain the reaction at the desired temperature for a specified duration, ensuring optimal conditions for the reaction to occur.
By carrying out the Benedict's test and Millon test in a water bath, scientists and laboratory technicians can achieve reliable and reproducible results, allowing for accurate identification of the presence of reducing sugars in a given solution.
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enzymes are proteins that speed up reactions by what
Answers
Unlike birds and mammals, fish and reptiles grow their entire lives. What feature of their bone development is different from that of humans?
Answers
The feature of bone development of fish and reptiles which is different from that of humans is that structures such as jaw is formed from several bones being joined together while humans have only a single bone forming it.
What is a Bone?This is referred to as the living tissues which make up the skeleton and are important as they protect and provide structural integrity to the cells of the body.
The jaw of fish and reptiles are formed from several bones being joined together while humans have only a single bone forming this type of structure which is one of the differences.
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identify an example of a preadator-prey relationship, a competitive relationship, and symbiotic relationship in an ecosystem
Answers
Competitive: lion and hyena
Symbiotic: shark and remora
Order the steps that occur as a protein is synthesized within a cell and finally excreted for use outside of the cell.
Answers
Answer:
1. The protein is synthesized within the cell using the information in the cell's DNA.
2. The protein is folded into its final shape.
3. The protein is transported to the cell membrane.
4. The protein is excreted from the cell, typically with the help of special protein-transporting molecules.
5. The protein is now outside of the cell and can be used for its intended purpose.
Explanation:
Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that _____ diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
Answers
Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that poriferans diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
The most primitive animal group, the Porifera, has an early branch on the animal phylogenetic tree, making it likely that it is Precambrian in origin. Sponge is a common name for poriferans. An early branching event in the development of animals separated the sponges and other metazoans from one another. This can be one reason why they lack a well-defined and complex organ system.
Because they lack mouths, poriferans suck water through tiny holes in their external walls. Spicules, the hard support structure of these creatures, were historically one of the primary distinguishing characteristics of sponges.
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Where is the carbon taken in by plants during photosynthesis stored?a. the groundb. plant structuresC. the aird. all of the above
Answers
The carbon is taken from the air and is used in photosynthesis to produce glucose (from carbon dioxide and water reacting with the sunlight). This carbon enter the leaves through the stoma and is incorporated into organic compounds within the plant structure (being stored there).
Therefore, the correct answer is b. plant structures.
At the beginning of an action potential, ____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.
Answers
Answer:
Positive Sodium Ions
Explanation:
Positive Sodium is the answer
In the diagram below, which organelle is a ribosome, which combines amino acids and produces proteins?
Answers
Answer:
F
Explanation:
It is F because ribosomes can be found on rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Hope it helps.
6. A muscular force-couple occurs when:
a) actin and myosin bind and slide past each other
b) two or more muscles concurrently produce force in the same direction to produce one movement
c) actin and myosin detach from each other
d) two or more muscles concurrently produce force in different directions to produce one movement
Answers
A muscular force-couple occurs when: d) two or more muscles concurrently produce force in different directions to produce one movement.
A muscular force-couple refers to a group of muscles that work together to produce a coordinated movement. In a force-couple, the muscles produce force in different directions, but their combined efforts result in a single movement.
For example, the muscles that move the shoulder joint form a force-couple, as they produce force in different directions to produce the complex movements of the shoulder.
The term "force-couple" is often used in the context of kinesiology and biomechanics to describe the synergistic actions of multiple muscles to produce movement.
Option (a) refers to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, in which actin and myosin interact to produce force. Option (b) describes a situation in which multiple muscles work together in the same direction, but this is not a force-couple. Option (c) refers to the detachment of actin and myosin after they have interacted to produce force.
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What is the Complementary strand?
Original: UACUCAGGUUCA
Complementary strand:
Answers
Answer:
AUGAGUCCAAGA
Explanation:
because adenine always pair's with thymine and cytosine with guanine. you can also remember it as Apple Tree and Car Garage.
Brown et al. and Morwood et al. reported in 2004 that they had found skeletal remains of a previously unknown type of hominin, now dubbed Homo floresiensis, on the Indonesian island of Flores. These hominins were small (approximately 1 meter tall) with small braincases (approximately 380 cubic centimeters) as compared with other hominins. The remains of H. floresiensis were found alongside handmade stone tools and the remains of dwarf elephants that also inhabited the island, suggesting that H. floresiensis was able both to make tools and to coordinate the hunting of animals much larger than itself. H. floresiensis is estimated to have lived at the site where the remains were found from at least 38,000 years ago to 18,000 years ago.
Answers
A large brain is not necessarily required for toolmaking.
What is toolmaking?
Making tools is done to manufacture equipment that aids in producing parts or goods. A toolmaker who has a thorough understanding of the product design develops components or tools that are employed in the production of the designs. To create, hold, or test parts or products throughout their production phase, it requires high accuracy and machine equipment. Additionally, because a toolmaker's work is unique, they frequently have to develop the unique tools or alter existing tools.
As it entails developing and the engineering tools needed for producing parts or components, the tool-making process is a crucial step in the manufacturing process.
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to neutralize the negatively charged dna and make it easier for dna to enter a cell, the cells are treated with _________.
Answers
To neutralize the negatively charged DNA and facilitate its entry into a cell, the cells are treated with a cationic substance or molecule.
One commonly used substance is a cationic polymer called polyethylenimine (PEI). PEI binds to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA through electrostatic interactions, neutralizing the charge and forming a DNA-PEI complex. This complex helps protect the DNA from degradation and enables it to efficiently interact with the cell membrane.
The positive charge of the DNA-PEI complex promotes electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged cell membrane, facilitating the entry of the DNA into the cell through endocytosis or other cellular uptake mechanisms.
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What is the Purpose of the "DNA extraction liquid"?
Answers
Answer:
plase bear with me i know this is a long answer
Explanation:
The purpose of DNA extraction liquid is to break open cells and dissolve cellular membranes, proteins, and other cellular components in order to release DNA from the cell. This is an essential step in DNA extraction procedures, as DNA is tightly packed within the cell and needs to be isolated and purified for further analysis.
There are many different types of DNA extraction liquids that can be used depending on the type of sample and the downstream application. Commonly used extraction liquids include phenol-chloroform, ethanol, and various commercial kits that utilize a variety of chemical agents and protocols.
The DNA extraction liquid typically contains a combination of reagents that help to disrupt the cell membrane and denature cellular proteins, allowing the DNA to be released and separated from other cellular components. These reagents can include detergents, salts, enzymes, and organic solvents. After the DNA has been released from the cell, it can be further purified using various methods, such as precipitation or column-based purification, depending on the specific application.
In summary, the purpose of DNA extraction liquid is to break open cells and release the DNA for further analysis. It is a critical step in many molecular biology and biotechnology applications, including genetic research, diagnosis of genetic diseases, and forensic analysis.
Hope this helps!!
Which product of photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere?
Answers
Answer:
Oxygen! Oxygen is the waste product of plants and ends up in the atmosphere, which allows animals to breathe.
The ________ are rope-like connections between muscles and bones and result from the fusion of periosteum with the connective tissue of muscle.
Answers
Answer:
Tendon
Explanation:
Tendon is a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. The ligament is a connective tissue connecting bones to other bones. Cartilage is one of the types of connective tissue which covers the ends of bones at the joint.
The presence of which magnetic feature best explains why a magnet can act at a distance on other magnets or on objects containing certain metals?
O fields
O dipoles
O domains
O forces
Answers
Answer:
Option: A) fields
Explanation:
Answer: A) Fields
Explanation:
I just took the test.