Compare and contrast the crystal field splitting parameters Δoct and Δsp in coordination chemistry!

Answer:

The limiting reactant is the propane gas, C₃H₈ while the percentage yield is 83.77%

Explanation:

Here we have

Propane gas with molecular formula C₃H₈, molar mass  = 44.1 g/mol combining with O₂ as follows

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

Therefore, 1 mole of C₃H₈  combines with 5 moles of O₂ to produce 3 moles CO₂ and 4 moles of H₂O

Mass of propane = 0.1240 kg = 124.0 g

Number of moles of propane = mass of propane/(molar mass of propane)

The number of moles of propane = 124/44.1 = 2.812 moles

The molar mass of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol

Mass of CO₂ = 0.3110 kg = 311.0 g

Therefore, number of moles of CO₂ = mass of CO₂/(molar mass of CO₂)

The number of moles of CO₂ = 311.0 kg/ 44.01 g/mol = 7.067 moles

Therefore, since 1 mole of propane produces 3 moles of CO₂, 2.812 moles of propane will produce 3 × 2.812 moles or 8.44 moles of CO₂

Therefore;

The limiting reactant is the propane gas, C₃H₈, since the oxygen is in excess

Hence

\(The \ percentage \ yield = \frac{Actual \, yield}{Theoretical \, yield} \times 100 = \frac{7.067}{8.44} \times 100 = 83.77 \%\)

The percentage yield = 83.77%.

Mass of CaBr₂ : 80 g

Reaction

Ca+2Br⇒CaBr₂

mass of Ca = 20 g

mol of Ca (MW=40 g/mol):

\(\tt \dfrac{20}{40}=0.5\)

mass of Br = 64 g

mol Br(80 g/mol) :

\(\tt \dfrac{64}{80}=0.8\)

Ca remains at the end of the reaction⇒ Ca as an excess reactant

20% Ca remains(unreacted) :

\(\tt 0.2\times 20~g=4~g\)

Ca reacted :

\(\tt 20-4=16~g\)

mol Ca reacted :

\(\tt \dfrac{16}{40}=0.4\)

mol CaBr₂ = mol Ca reacted = 0.4

mass CaBr₂ (MW=200 g/mol) produced :

\(\tt 0.4\times 200=80~g\)

Or you can use mol ratio from equation :

mol  CaBr₂ : mol Br (as limiting reactant) = 1 : 2, so mol CaBr₂ :

\(\tt \dfrac{1}{2}\times 0.8=0.4\)

mass CaBr₂ (MW=200 g/mol) produced :

\(\tt 0.4\times 200=80~g\)

Answer:

Lithium = 3 electrons (Neutral atom)

Potassium = 19 electrons

Correct Question:-

How many outermost shell/orbit contains electrons do lithium and potassium have.

Lithium Atomic number - 3

Ans :- 1 electron

(K -2 , L - 1)

potassium Atomic number - 19

Ans :- 1 electron

(K - 2 , L - 8 , M - 8, N -1)

The book titled "Element of Propulsion: Gas Turbines and Rockets" by J.D. Mattingly is part of the AIAA Education Series and was published in 2006. It serves as a valuable resource for understanding the principles and applications of gas turbines and rockets in propulsion systems.

"Element of Propulsion: Gas Turbines and Rockets" provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamental concepts and advanced topics related to gas turbine and rocket propulsion. The book delves into the theoretical principles, design considerations, and practical applications of these propulsion systems.

It explores the thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, combustion, and performance characteristics involved in gas turbine and rocket engines.

J.D. Mattingly, the author of the book, is a recognized expert in the field of propulsion systems and has extensive experience in teaching and research. His expertise and knowledge are reflected in the content of the book, making it a valuable educational resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the aerospace and propulsion engineering domains.

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Answer:

wouldn't it be the #2 because +∆H um I forgot

Between nearby molecules or atoms, London dispersion forces are thought to be the lowest intermolecular force.

London dispersion forces, also referred to as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds[1] or, more loosely, van der Waals forces, are a type of intermolecular force that interacts with atoms and molecules that are typically electrically symmetric, meaning that the electrons are distributed symmetrically with respect to the nucleus.They are instantaneous, short-range attractive forces between molecules that are caused by the movement of electrons. They are present between all molecules, including non-polar molecules.For example, a non-polar molecule such as carbon dioxide (CO2) has no permanent dipole moment, but it still experiences London dispersion forces. The electrons in the molecule move around, creating temporary dipoles that attract other molecules. This results in a weak attraction between the CO2 molecules.

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Sure, here are the predictions for the entropy changes for each of the given reactions at 298 K:

1. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s): The reaction involves the formation of a solid from its constituent elements, which usually leads to a decrease in entropy. Also, the number of moles of products is less than that of reactants, which further indicates a decrease in entropy. Therefore, the entropy change is likely negative.

2. O(g) + O(g) → O2(g): Here, two oxygen atoms combine to form a diatomic molecule, which has higher entropy due to increased molecular motion and randomness. Hence, the entropy change is likely positive.

3. NH3Cl(s) → NH3(g) + HCl(g): The reaction involves the conversion of a solid to two gases, which typically leads to an increase in entropy. Hence, the entropy change is likely positive.

4. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g): The reaction involves the formation of two moles of a gas from two moles of different gases, which leads to an increase in entropy due to increased molecular motion and randomness. Hence, the entropy change is likely positive.

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TPA catalysts based on tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were produced and studied by FT-infrared, X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman, and temperature programmed ammonia desorption.

Heteropoly tungstate was synthesised and spread over tin oxide containing tantalum ions in its secondary structure. Different spectroscopic approaches were used to estimate the physical and chemical characteristics of the produced compounds. The inclusion of Ta ions in heteropoly tungstate resulted in the formation of new Lewis acidic sites. These samples were evaluated for their ability to catalyse the conversion of fructose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and the selective etherification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with ethanol. The catalyst with 30% active component on SnO2 had the greatest HMF etherification activity, yielding 90% 5-ethoxymethylfurfural in 45 minutes. The catalysts were also capable of converting fructose into EMF in a single pot with a 68% yield.

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The fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

Fugacity is a measure of the escaping tendency of a component in a mixture, which is defined as the pressure that the component would have if it obeyed ideal gas laws. It is used as a correction factor in the calculation of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties such as chemical potential. Here we need to determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm. So, using the formula of fugacity: f = P.exp(Δu/RT) Where P is the pressure of the system, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature of the system, Δu is the change in chemical potential of the system.  Δu = RT ln (f / P)The chemical potential at the initial state can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as: PV = nRT    

=>  P

= nRT/V

=> 20.4 atm

= nRT/V

=> n/V

= 20.4/RT The chemical potential of the system at the initial state is:

Δu1 = RT ln (f/P)

= RT ln (f/20.4) Also, we know that for a pure substance,

Δu = Δg. So,

Δg1 = Δu1 The change in pressure is 24 atm – 20.4 atm

= 3.6 atm At the second state, the pressure is 24 atm.

Using the ideal gas equation, n/V = 24/RT The chemical potential of the system at the second state is: Δu2 = RT ln (f/24) = RT ln (f/24) The change in chemical potential is Δu2 – Δu1 The change in chemical potential is

Δu2 – Δu1 = RT ln (f/24) – RT ln (f/20.4)

= RT ln [(f/24)/(f/20.4)]

= RT ln (20.4/24)

= - 0.0911 RT Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is:

f = P.exp(Δu/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δu1/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT) And, the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT. Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

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The new pressure is 1.08 atm

From the question, we are to determine the new pressure

Using the General gas equation,

\(\frac{P_{1}V_{1} }{T_{1}} = \frac{P_{2}V_{2} }{T_{2}}\)

Where

From the given information,

P₁ = 1.5 atm

V₁ = 15 L

T₁ = 105 C = 105 + 273.15 = 378.15 K

V₂ = 25 L

T₂ = 181 C = 181 + 273.15 = 454.15 K

P₂ = ?

Putting the parameters into the equation, we get

\(\frac{1.5 \times 15}{378.15} = \frac{P_{2} \times 25 }{454.15}\)

\(P_{2}= \frac{1.5 \times 15 \times 454.15}{25 \times 378.15}\)

P₂ = 1.08 atm

Hence, the new pressure is 1.08 atm

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A boulder sits at rest on top of a mountain. What conclusion can be made about the forces acting on the boulder? The forces acting on the boulder are balanced (net force equals zero).

If a boulder sits at rest on the top of the mountain , the forces acting on the boulder are zero as it is in the state of rest.

Force is defined as a cause which is capable of changing the motion of an object. It can cause an object which has mass to change it's velocity. It is also simply a push or a pull . It has both magnitude as well as direction.Hence, it is a vector quantity.

It has SI units of Newton and is represented by'F'.Newton's second law states that force which acts on an object is equal to momentum which changes with time. If mass of object is constant, acceleration is directly proportional to net force acting on an object.

The concepts which related to force are thrust and torque .Thrust increases the velocity of an object and torque produces change in rotational speed of an object.

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Using the following formula for this purpose: Mass = Density × Volume × Concentration. Here, Concentration = 38.08% = 0.3808(The information provided in the question)

Mass of the aqueous solution can be calculated as follows: Mass = Density × Volume × Concentration

Mass = 1.285 g/cm³ × 500cm³ × 0.3808,Mass = 244.85g.The mass of the solution is 244.85g. (The information provided in the question)

Therefore, the mass of the acid (in grams) in 500mL of the battery acid solution if the density of the solution is 1.285 g/cm3 and if the solution is 38.08% sulfuric acid by mass is 244.85 g.

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Answer:

hi I dont see princess or sara but have a good day!

Answer:

Hola chica

¿Qué paso?

Dimelo

Answer:

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

Explanation:

A component of the cell theory is that all living things are composed of one or more cells.

A component of the cell theory is that the cell is the basic unit of life.

A component of the cell theory is that all new cells arise from existing cells.

Answer:

B is right edg 2021

Explanation:

The empirical formula for the compound is C2H4O3.

The empirical formula of the compound can be determined by analyzing the mass of the elements present in the combustion products. In this case, the mass of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen can be calculated as follows:

Mass of carbon = Mass of CO2 = 33.31 g

Mass of hydrogen = Mass of H2O = 13.64 g

Mass of oxygen = Mass of the compound - (Mass of carbon + Mass of hydrogen) = 28.78 g - (33.31 g + 13.64 g)

By dividing the masses of each element by their respective molar masses, we can determine the moles of each element. Then, we divide the moles by the smallest mole value to obtain the empirical formula.

From the calculations, the empirical formula for the compound is C2H4O3.

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The emission spectrum of hydrogen is a series of colored lines that are produced when an electron in a hydrogen atom falls from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.

The spectral lines in the hydrogen emission spectrum correspond to different energy transitions within the atom. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency, so the emission lines correspond to specific frequencies of light.  The emission spectrum of hydrogen consists of a series of discrete lines, called the Balmer series, which correspond to specific wavelengths of light emitted when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels to lower ones.

This emission spectrum is related to the energy levels in the hydrogen atom as follows:
1. When an electron in a hydrogen atom absorbs energy, it jumps to a higher energy level, also known as an excited state.
2. The electron then releases the absorbed energy in the form of a photon when it transitions back to a lower energy level. The energy of the emitted photon corresponds to the difference between the two energy levels involved in the transition.
3. The distinct lines in the emission spectrum represent the specific energy differences between these energy levels, and each line corresponds to a unique transition between two energy levels.  In summary, the emission spectrum of hydrogen is a direct result of electrons transitioning between different energy levels in the atom, and the specific wavelengths of light emitted correspond to the energy differences between these levels.

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Answer: Most of it is transferred to the environment in the form of heat.

Explanation:

For every system, the law of conservation of energy is applicable which states that the energy of the system remains conserved. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

When gasoline is burnt, some of the chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of gasoline is converted to kinetic energy which is used to drive the vehicle and some of it is lost in the form of heat energy to the surroundings. But the total energy remains conserved.

If a system loses energy, an equivalent amount of energy is gained by surroundings, thus the total energy remains constant.

Answer:

Answer: Most of it is transferred to the environment in the form of heat.

The Gas Laws are a set of physical principles that describe the behavior of gases under different conditions. These laws were first developed by scientists in the 18th and 19th centuries, and they have since been used to explain and predict a wide range of phenomena related to gases.

The Gas Laws include Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and the Combined Gas Law. Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, while Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, and the Combined Gas Law combines these three laws to describe the behavior of gases under various conditions.
In the Phet Gas Laws lab, students can experiment with different gases and conditions to see how these principles work in practice. They can observe changes in pressure, volume, and temperature, and use these observations to make predictions about the behavior of gases in different situations.
Overall, the Gas Laws are essential to our understanding of the physical world around us, and they have numerous applications in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering. By studying and applying these laws, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and improve existing ones, helping to solve a wide range of real-world problems.

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The electron transport chain is the sequence involving the complexes undergoing redox reactions. The enzyme in complex II of ETC, succinate dehydrogenase is also involved in the TCA cycle.

The TCA is abbreviated for tricarboxylic acid also called citric acid or Krebs's cycle. It is a part of aerobic respiration that provides energy for cells. It involves a series of chemicals and reactions that are involved in releasing stored energy.

The complex II of the ETC cycle called succinate reductase contains a succinate dehydrogenase enzyme that is also involved in the TCA cycle for transforming succinate into fumarate and results in FADH₂.

Therefore, succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme of ETC involved in TCA.

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The correct answer is (c) - the volume increases 16 fold. Volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

As per Boyle's regulation, at a consistent temperature, the volume of a gas is contrarily corresponding to its tension. Thusly, on the off chance that the tension is diminished by a component of four, the volume of the gas will increment by an element of four (expecting that how much gas and the temperature stay steady).

Since the inquiry pose for the impact on the volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas, we can reason that choice (d) is wrong in light of the fact that the volume of the gas will change because of the adjustment of tension.

Likewise, choices (a), (b), and (e) are additionally wrong since they recommend a decline, increment, or change in the volume of the gas that isn't steady with the reverse connection among strain and volume depicted by Boyle's regulation.

In this manner, the right response is (c) - the volume increments 16 overlay. This implies that the volume of the gas will be multiple times the underlying volume when the strain is diminished by a variable of four, which is then duplicated by the underlying volume again in light of the fact that the inquiry pose for the volume of 1 mol of gas.

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An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M NaOH. The solution is very dilute. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Dilution is the act of "simply adding additional solvent to a solution, such as water, to lower the quantity of a particular solute within the solution." In order to dilute a solution, more solvent must be added without increasing solute.

A common method for producing a solution with a certain concentration is to start with a higher concentration and gradually add water until the desired concentration is reached. An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M NaOH. The solution is very dilute.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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surely scientists

are in a competition of inventing how many things one can

Explanation:

some scientist are interested in in biology some are in astrology and many more

scientist are are interested

The release of O₂( oxygen gas) from the process of photosynthesis is made disks to be able to float.

Photosynthesis can be described as the process in which green plants manufacture their food in the presence of sunlight which is trapped by the chlorophyll of the leaves. They are also called primary producers and they use compounds such as water and carbon dioxide.

The spinach leaf disks intake carbon dioxide from a sodium bicarbonate solution and sink to the bottom of a beaker. When the beaker is exposed to light, the disks use carbon dioxide gas and water to produce oxygen gas and glucose. Oxygen gas released from the leaves due to photosynthesis forms tiny bubbles that make the leaves float.

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Answer:its a chemixal change because  there are stuff getting mixed togehter making it a chemiacl change

Explanation:

The reason why CaCl2 is used and not NaCl in the preparation of macrocapsules is due to the difference in solubility. Calcium chloride is a salt that is soluble in water, whereas sodium chloride is also soluble in water, but less so than calcium chloride.

A macrocapsule is a type of capsule that is large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. It is also known as a "large capsule." Macrocapsules are usually used in the medical industry to deliver drugs or other substances to specific parts of the body. The substance to be delivered is typically contained within the capsule, which is then implanted into the body.

In order to prepare macro-capsules, a process known as microencapsulation is used. During this process, the substance to be encapsulated is suspended in a solution, and then this solution is mixed with a polymer. The polymer hardens around the substance, creating a capsule that can be implanted into the body.

In the preparation of macro-capsules, CaCl2 is used instead of NaCl because of its solubility. Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water, which makes it ideal for use in the microencapsulation process. The solubility of CaCl2 allows for the formation of a hard, impermeable capsule that is able to protect the substance inside from the surrounding environment. On the other hand, NaCl is less soluble in water than CaCl2, which makes it unsuitable for the microencapsulation process.

Other factors which make CaCl2  suitable for macrocapsule preparation include:

Gel formation: CaCl2 can participate in gel formation reactions with certain polymers or gelling agents. It can crosslink polymers, resulting in the formation of a stable gel structure, which can be useful for encapsulating materials and providing mechanical stability to the macro-capsules.

Compatibility: The specific material being encapsulated or the application of the macrocapsules may require compatibility with CaCl2 rather than NaCl. For example, certain biological or chemical processes may be more compatible with CaCl2 as a component of the encapsulation system.

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