The central nervous system (CNS) is informed during a reflex so it can trigger a more complex action.
A reflex is an automatic, involuntary response to a specific stimulus, such as touching a hot surface. It involves a simple neural pathway called the reflex arc, which typically includes a sensory receptor, a sensory neuron, an interneuron, a motor neuron, and an effector (such as a muscle or gland). The main purpose of a reflex is to provide a quick and efficient response to potentially harmful situations, protecting the body from harm.
When a reflex occurs, the sensory receptor detects the stimulus and generates an impulse, which is transmitted by the sensory neuron to the spinal cord. Within the spinal cord, the impulse is processed by an interneuron, which connects the sensory neuron to a motor neuron. The motor neuron then sends the impulse to the effector, leading to a rapid response like pulling your hand away from a hot surface.
During this process, the CNS, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is also informed about the stimulus. The information is transmitted via ascending pathways to higher brain centers, where it can be integrated with other sensory inputs and past experiences. This allows the CNS to trigger a more complex action in response to the stimulus, such as moving the entire body away from a dangerous situation or modifying future behavior to avoid similar situations.
In summary, the CNS is informed during a reflex through the reflex arc and ascending pathways, enabling it to process the information, integrate it with other inputs, and initiate more complex actions to protect the body and adapt to its environment.
The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:
CNS is informed during a reflex so it can _________
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The neck is a ________.
A. First Class Lever
B. Second Class Lever
C. Third class Lever
D. fourth class lever
Answer:
The neck is a first class lever
Explanation:
Answer:
A. a first class lever
Explanation:
this is a form of communication that has rules for the use of sounds and symbols.
Language is a form of communication that has rules for the use of sounds and symbols.
Language is a set of rules and symbols used to create meaningful communication. To be regarded as a language, a means of communication must fulfil the following requirements: To express things, activities, events, and ideas, a language requires symbols, which can be sounds, gestures, or written letters.
Gestures, which are a common means of communication for most people, are the foundation of signs. A visual mode of communication, signing should supplement speech rather than take the place of it. The words used in the message are given additional visual information via signs, making the message easier to interpret.
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The complete question is:
_____ is a form of communication that has rules for the use of sounds and symbols.
Part C
This simulation shows only the changes in energy that cause the motion of the skateboarder. What energy
transformations are going on within the skateboarder's body during this process?
As the skateboarder moves, several energy transformations take place within their body. Some of the energy transformations include:
1. Chemical energy to kinetic energy: When the skateboarder pushes off the ground, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of their muscles is converted into kinetic energy, which is responsible for their motion.
2. Kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy: As the skateboarder moves up a ramp, their kinetic energy is converted into gravitational potential energy.
3. Gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy: When the skateboarder moves down the ramp, the gravitational potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy.
4. Kinetic energy to thermal energy: As the skateboarder moves, they also experience frictional forces which convert some of their kinetic energy into thermal energy.
5. Chemical energy to thermal energy: The continuous movement of the skateboarder requires the energy stored in their muscles to be converted into thermal energy, which is released as heat.
I hope that the assistance I provided was helpful.
The motion of the skateboarder is powered by energy transformations that occur within their body. As the skateboarder moves, their body converts stored chemical energy (from food) into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. This conversion happens through a series of complex biochemical processes that occur within the skateboarder's muscles.
When the skateboarder pushes off the ground, their leg muscles contract, converting chemical energy stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into kinetic energy as the legs move and the skateboarder accelerates. As the skateboarder continues to move, the muscles in their body work together to maintain balance and control, converting chemical energy into kinetic energy and potential energy as the skateboarder jumps, turns, and performs tricks.
Additionally, the skateboarder's body also experiences other forms of energy transformation during this process. For example, as the skateboarder moves, their body generates heat through metabolic processes, which is a form of thermal energy. The skateboarder also loses energy through friction with the ground and air resistance, which is converted into heat and sound energy.
In summary, the motion of the skateboarder is powered by a series of complex energy transformations that occur within their body. These transformations involve the conversion of stored chemical energy into kinetic and potential energy, as well as the generation of heat and sound energy through friction and air resistance.
Shira is analyzing samples of red blood cells using a microscope. Her observations are shown.
Shira observes that the shape of Cell A appears normal, while Cell B appears swollen and Cell C is shrunken. The apparent shrinking of Cell C indicates the reaction of the cell to what?
The shrinking of cell indicates that the solute concentration outside the cell is high is called Osmosis.
Osmosis is one of the important parts of the transportation o minerals and nutrients and tells about the physiology of the plants and osmosis means the transportation of water from higher concentration to lower concentration that is down the gradient and also it can be defined as the movement of water from lower concentration of solute to higher
concentration of solute which is gains the gradient but in terms of solute and this transport takes place in the presence of semi permeable membrane without which osmosis is not possible so according to this in the given situation the cell C shrinks because the concentration of the solute is higher outside the cell than inside the cell which means the concentration of water inside the cell is high and as water moves from high concentration to low concentration so water will move from inside the cell to outside the cell and as water is reduced the cell will shrink and this water can be replaced by any solvent it will behave the same and it can also be said as the process of diffusion or spontaneous net movement of the solvent and this can have different effects on red blood cells.To know more about osmosis click at https://brainly.com/question/1799974
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Stress-strain data for 2 different biological tissues are shown below. Based on this information i) estimate the appropriate compliance of tissue labeled as B. ii) If you are modeling the viscoelastic properties of tissues A and B, in which case do you think the standard linear solid model likely to work better: A or B? Explain.
Compliance of tissue labeled as B:The slope of the stress-strain curve is referred to as the modulus of elasticity, and it is a measure of stiffness. Compliance, on the other hand, is the inverse of elasticity. Compliance of tissue B can be estimated by taking the inverse of the slope of the stress-strain curve of tissue B.
The formula for calculating compliance is:
Compliance = (ΔL / L) / ΔP,
where L is the initial length of the tissue, ΔL is the change in length of the tissue due to stress, and ΔP is the applied stress.
Compliance of tissue B can be estimated by calculating the slope of the stress-strain curve of tissue B and taking its inverse.
ii) Standard Linear Solid model likely to work better: Tissue BThe Standard Linear Solid model is used to model viscoelastic behavior. The model consists of a spring and dashpot arranged in parallel, with a spring in series with the combination.
Tissue A has a steeper slope than tissue B, indicating that it is stiffer. Since the SLS model has both springs and dashpots, it is unlikely to work well for tissue A, which is predominantly elastic. Tissue B has a lower slope than tissue A, indicating that it is less stiff.
As a result, tissue B, which is more viscous, is more likely to fit the SLS model better than tissue A. Therefore, in the case of viscoelastic modeling, the Standard Linear Solid model is likely to work better for tissue B than for tissue A.
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which is the best description of the loops in a trna molecule?
The loops in a tRNA (transfer RNA) molecule are regions of the molecule that form distinctive structures and play important roles in the tRNA's function.
The loops are named based on their positions and are essential for recognizing and binding specific amino acids during protein synthesis. The best description of the loops in a tRNA molecule includes the following:
Anticodon Loop: This loop contains three nucleotides known as the anticodon. The anticodon base-pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA during translation, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.
D-Loop (Dihydrouridine Loop): This loop contains dihydrouridine residues and plays a role in maintaining the stability and structure of the tRNA molecule.
TΨC Loop (T-Pseudouridine-C Loop): This loop contains a pseudouridine (Ψ) residue and a thymine (T) residue. It assists in recognizing the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme for the specific tRNA molecule.
Variable Loop: Also known as the T Loop, the Variable Loop is variable in size and sequence among different tRNA molecules. It contributes to the overall stability and folding of the tRNA molecule.
Acceptor Stem: This region is not a loop but a stem-loop structure. It contains the 3' end of the tRNA molecule, which is where the amino acid attaches. The acceptor stem usually consists of seven nucleotides, including the conserved sequence CCA at the 3' end.
These loops, along with other structural elements, allow tRNA molecules to interact with ribosomes, mRNA, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes, facilitating accurate translation of the genetic code during protein synthesis.
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organic chem need help
Of the following, which correctly uses curved arrows to display a possible step in a radical mechanism?
The correct answer that uses curved arrows to display a possible step in a radical mechanism is the fourth option, which shows a curved arrow from a bond to a radical: Option 4:
Explanation: Curved arrows are used to display the movement of an electron pair or a single electron in organic chemistry reactions. Radical mechanisms involve the formation of a radical intermediate and the subsequent reaction of the radical with another molecule.
In this type of mechanism, single electrons are involved, and therefore, curved arrows are used to represent the movement of a single electron.
correct way to draw a curved arrow in a radical mechanism is to start from the location of the single electron and show its movement to the location of the new bond that it forms.
For example, in option 4, the curved arrow starts from the single electron in the carbon radical and ends at the bond between carbon and hydrogen. This indicates the movement of the single electron from the radical to the hydrogen atom, forming a new bond.
Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer that uses curved arrows to display a possible step in a radical mechanism.
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what are three structures the cells shown below would have in common ?
Answer:
they have cytoplasm, DNA, and mitochondria.
1 point
1. If many trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most
immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest? *
A. Increased rates of decomposition (dead things will decompose faster).
B. Decreased use of atmospheric CO2 (not as much carbon dioxide will be taken in by
the trees).
C. Decreased combustion of fossil fuels (not as many fossil fuels will be burned)
D. Increased production of organic compounds (more compounds containing carbon
will be produced/made).
find the rate of change of the volume of a balloon (sphere) with a circumference increasing by at 3picm per minute when the radius is 5cm
The rate of change of the volume of the balloon (sphere) is 150π cubic cm/min. The formula for the volume of a sphere is given by; V = (4/3)πr³.
Given that the circumference of a balloon (sphere) is increasing at a rate of 3π cm/min and the radius is 5 cm, we have to find the rate of change of the volume of the balloon. We know that the formula for the volume of a sphere is given by; V = (4/3)πr³. Differentiating with respect to time gives; dV/dt = 4πr² × dr/dt
We know that the circumference of a sphere is given by; C = 2πr
Differentiating with respect to time gives; dC/dt = 2π × dr/dt
Now we can find the value of dr/dt from the above expression; dr/dt = dC/dt ÷ 2πPutting the given value in the above expression, we have ;dr/dt = 3π ÷ 2πdr/dt = 3/2 cm/min
Now substituting the value of r and dr/dt in the expression for dV/dt; dV/dt = 4πr² × dr/dt dV/dt = 4π(5)² × (3/2) dV/dt = 150π
Therefore, the rate of change of the volume of the balloon (sphere) is 150π cubic cm/min.
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4. Consider the benefits and problems associated with coastal and open-ocean aquaculture. Is aquaculture a useful practice for the environment?
for the security of food systems? at what cost?
Consider the differences between fish farming and filter feeder (mollusk) farming.
Justify your answer and provide at least two resources to back up your answer (your textbook should be a resource) (10 points; at least 300 words)
Aquaculture can be a useful practice for the environment and food systems. However, it must be implemented responsibly to minimize negative impacts. Proper waste management, disease control, and careful site selection are essential for sustainable aquaculture.
Aquaculture is the practice of farming aquatic organisms, such as fish and mollusks, in controlled environments. It has both benefits and problems associated with coastal and open-ocean settings. Let's consider the usefulness of aquaculture for the environment and the security of food systems, as well as the costs involved.
1. Benefits of Coastal and Open-Ocean Aquaculture:
- Environmental Sustainability: Aquaculture can reduce overfishing and pressure on wild fish populations, helping to maintain biodiversity in oceans and coastal areas.
- Food Production: It provides a consistent and reliable source of seafood, which helps meet the growing demand for protein-rich food globally.
- Economic Growth: Aquaculture supports job creation and economic development, especially in coastal communities that rely on fishing and related industries.
2. Problems of Coastal and Open-Ocean Aquaculture:
- Environmental Impact: Concentrated fish waste, excess feed, and chemicals used in aquaculture can pollute the water, affecting local ecosystems. This pollution can harm wild fish and other marine organisms.
- Disease and Escapes: High-density fish farming can lead to the spread of diseases among farmed fish, which can then affect wild populations if fish escape from aquaculture facilities.
- Habitat Destruction: Coastal aquaculture, in particular, may require the conversion of natural habitats, such as mangroves or wetlands, into fish farms, resulting in the loss of valuable ecosystems.
Is Aquaculture a Useful Practice?
Aquaculture can be a useful practice for the environment and food systems, but it is important to address the associated challenges. The benefits of aquaculture, such as reduced pressure on wild fish stocks and economic growth, are significant. However, the negative impacts, including pollution and habitat destruction, need to be managed carefully to ensure the sustainability of aquaculture operations.
Differentiating Fish Farming and Filter Feeder (Mollusk) Farming:
Fish farming involves raising fish in tanks, cages, or ponds, while mollusk farming focuses on cultivating filter-feeding shellfish such as oysters and mussels.
Fish farming:
- Requires controlled feeding and management of fish species.
- Can be prone to disease outbreaks due to high stocking densities.
- May use artificial feeds that can contribute to pollution.
- Can have a higher environmental impact due to waste and escaped fish.
Mollusk farming:
- Relies on the natural filtration capabilities of bivalve shellfish to improve water quality.
- Typically has a lower environmental impact as bivalves consume natural plankton and improve water clarity.
- Can enhance local ecosystems by providing habitat for other organisms.
- Generally requires less feed and produces less waste than fish farming.
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The opossum which is native to north america and the kangaroo
Answer:
The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are both marsupials.
the restriction enzyme fnu4h1 recognizes and cuts the sequence 5'-gcngc-3'. which allele of tas2r38 will be cut? what size fragments will result if the pcr product is cut?
When it comes to the restriction enzyme Fnu4H1, it recognizes and cuts the sequence 5'-GCNGC-3'. As a result, the allele of TAS2R38 that will be cut is the one that contains the said sequence. As a result, the size fragments that will result if the PCR product is cut are dependent on the location of the recognition site of the restriction enzyme within the DNA sequence. In addition, the size of the fragments will be determined by the distance between the two locations of the recognition site.
This is due to the fact that the recognition site is the site at which the restriction enzyme will cut the DNA. The enzyme cuts the DNA into fragments of varying sizes, which can then be separated based on size utilizing gel electrophoresis. This implies that the PCR product should be run on a gel in order to determine the size of the fragments that are created. To do so, the PCR product must first be cut with the restriction enzyme Fnu4H1. Once this has been accomplished, the fragments can be loaded onto the gel and run using electrophoresis. This will enable the researcher to visualize the DNA fragments and determine their size based on their migration pattern on the gel.
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Which of the following is an example of an organism maintaining
homeostasis?
An insect flying away immediately after sensing a vibration
O
Shivering to generate heat on a cold day
A honeybee developing a longer stinger
O A plant undergoing photosynthesis to make food for itself
Answer:
Shivering to generate heat on a cold day
Explanation:
The body reacts to create a stable internal environment.
The layer of the atmosphere where many airplanes fly to avoid thunderstorms and other turbulence is called A. troposhere B. stratosphere C. mesosphere D. thermosphere
Answer:
B. Stratosphere
during electron transport, which serves as a ready source for protons that can be pumped across the membrane?
During electron transport, the ready source for protons that can be pumped across the membrane is the matrix of the mitochondria.
In the electron transport chain, NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to NAD+ and FAD, respectively, releasing H+ ions that can be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Because NADH and FADH2 are oxidized during the electron transport chain, protons are released that can be pumped across the membrane. This process leads to the creation of a proton gradient, which generates the energy required for ATP synthesis. As a result, NADH and FADH2 are crucial sources of energy during electron transport.
The electron transport chain (ETC) uses the energy released from electrons to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Ribosomes, soluble enzymes, tiny organic molecules, nucleotide cofactors, and inorganic ions are all components of the mitochondrial matrix. The citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation, and beta oxidation of fatty acids are just a few of the processes that the enzymes in the matrix support.
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Arwan finds a piece of quartz while hiking in the mountains. When he returns to school, he takes it to his science teacher. She helps him determine the mass to be 788.9 g. She also tells Arwan that the density of quartz is 2.6 .
The volume of Arwan’s piece of quartz is 303.42 cm³
What is volume?Volume is described as a measure of occupied three-dimensional space or the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container.
Mass of the Quartz piece brought by Arwan = 788.9 g
Density of the quartz = 2.6g/ cm³
Density of the substance is described as mass present in per unit volume of the substance. It is measured in gram per centimeter cube.
Density = mass/volume
2.6 = 788.9/ volume
volume = 303.42 cm³ .
Density is denoted as mass of a unit volume of a material substance. The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume.
Density has the units of measurement in mass divided by volume such as grams per centimeters cube (g/cm3) or kilograms per liter (kg/l)
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The complete question is:
Arwan finds a piece of quartz while hiking in the mountains. When he returns to school, he takes it to his science teacher. She helps him determine the mass to be 788.9 g. She also tells Arwan that the density of quartz is 2.6 . What is the volume of Arwan’s piece of quartz?
The Pax Romana is sometimes seen as a golden age because this period of ancient Roman history was characterized by
A.
major military conquests.
B.
freedom and democracy.
C.
major scientific discoveries.
D.
peace and prosperity.
D. Peace and prosperity. The Pax Romana, also known as the Roman Peace, was a period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire from 27 BCE to 180 CE.
What is Pax Roman?
The term "Pax Romana" means "Roman Peace," and it is used to describe the time when the Roman Empire was at its peak of power and influence. During this time, the Roman government was centralized and strong, and there were few major conflicts or wars within the empire.
During this time, there were no major wars or rebellions, and trade and commerce flourished, leading to increased prosperity throughout the empire. The Pax Romana is often seen as a golden age of Roman history because of the peace and prosperity it brought.
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What is the process by which stem cells produce exact copies of themselves
Answer: Stem cells produce their exact copies by the process of cloning. It is defined as the deliberate production of genetically identical individuals.
Explanation: Stem cells has the ability to continuously divide to generate exact copies of themselves by a process called self renewal. and has the ability to change into specialized cells in a process called differentiation.
Clones contain identical set of genetic material in the nucleus, compartment that contains the chromosomes of every cell in their bodies.The cells from two clones has same DNA and same genes in their nuclei.
All multicellular plants and animals rely on the stem cells to grow from a single cell into an adult. Stem cells allows our body to build new tissues such as new muscle when we exercise.
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the substrate-enzyme (e-s) complex group of answer choices may break down to form free enzyme and substrate, or free enzyme and product. always breaks down to form free enzyme and substrate. always proceeds to form the products rapidly. always breaks down to form free enzyme and product.
The E-S complex, option A: may break down to form free enzyme and substrate, or free enzyme and product.
The E-S complex, or the enzyme-substrate complex, is created during enzymatic processes when the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme. Depending on the nature of the enzyme and the reaction, this complex can then go through several processes.
The E-S complex may occasionally disintegrate, releasing the substrate and the free enzyme, which can then take part in other processes. In other situations, the E-S complex could move quickly to produce the products without dissipating into the free enzyme and substrate.
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Correct question:
the substrate-enzyme (e-s) complex group of answer choices
may break down to form free enzyme and substrate, or free enzyme and product.
always breaks down to form free enzyme and substrate.
always proceeds to form the products rapidly.
always breaks down to form free enzyme and product.
When a scientist learns new information about an experiment or theory, what
happens to it?
a) Its ignored
b) Its instantly changed to a fact
c) It becomes a law
d) Its reevaluated and retested
No links!
Plz help me out :)
Before in 7mins.
Answer:
it's letter D. its reevaluated and retested
Which of the following would INCREASE communication between the neurons? (Place a check mark.)
Increase the amount of
neurotransmitters
Decrease number of dendrites
Increase reuptake inhibitors
Increase the number of receptors
An increase in the number of receptors would INCREASE communication between the neurons.
What is the relative importance of receptors in neuronal communication?The relative importance of receptors in neuronal communication is based on the fact that these molecules can establish and send messages between neurons through the release of a chemical messenger called neurotransmitters that bind to other neurons.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that e relative importance of receptors in neuronal communication depends on the binding with neurotransmitters in the media in which neurons locate.
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The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis serve to __________ while the light independent reactions serve to ______ .
Answer:The light-independent reactions release energy, and the light-dependent reactions require energy. The light-dependent reactions pass electrons through an electron transport chain to the light-independent reactions.
Explanation:
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis serve to convert light energy into chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH), while the light-independent reactions serve to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules through the Calvin cycle.
These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and involve the absorption of light by chlorophyll and other pigments, which triggers a series of electron transport reactions that generate ATP and NADPH.
In addition, the light-dependent reactions also generate oxygen gas (O2) as a byproduct through the process of photolysis, where water molecules are split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons, and oxygen atoms (O).
On the other hand, the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle or the dark reactions, occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts and do not directly require light energy. These reactions involve the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, ultimately leading to the production of glucose and other organic molecules.
The ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions are used as energy sources to drive the carbon fixation and reduction reactions in the light-independent reactions.
In summary, the light-dependent reactions capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy, while the light-independent reactions use this chemical energy to fix and reduce carbon dioxide, ultimately producing organic molecules like glucose.
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The fruiting body found above ground in fungi is called the
A. cap.
B. hyphae.
C. mycelium.
Answer:
fruiting body is called cap
The mycelium is the fruiting body found above ground in fungi.
The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium.
A hypha is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
A mycelium is a network of fungal threads or hyphae. Mycelia often grow underground but can also thrive in other places such as rotting tree trunks. A single spore can develop into a mycelium. The fruiting bodies of fungi, such as mushrooms, can sprout from a mycelium.
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2. What is a feature of transcription? Both strands of a DNA molecule act as a template for mRNA. Nucleoside triphosphates become nucleotides by losing three phosphates. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region. The sense strand acts as a template for mRNA.
Answer:
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region
Explanation:
The correct answer would be that the RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.
Transcription is a process during which mRNA is synthesized using the anticoding strand of the DNA as the template. The process is initiated when an enzyme known as the transcription factor binds to the TATA element within the promoter region - a region that signifies the beginning of a gene. This enables the RNA polymerase enzyme to also bind to the promoter leading to the formation of the initiation complex.
The RNA polymerase functions as a copier of the DNA nucleotides to RNA nucleotides during the elongation process of transcription.
suppose a carbon dioxide molecule leaves a respiring muscle cell in the leg and is transported in blood to the lungs. it moves through
1) heart
2) systemitic vein
3) alveolar capillaries
4) pulmonary artetry
5) capillaries near muscle cells
in what order does this carbon dioxide molecule encounter these structures?
Answer:
Explanation:
the carbon dioxide molecule encounters the structures in the following order: 5) capillaries near muscle cells, 2) systemic vein, 1) heart, 4) pulmonary artery, and 3) alveolar capillaries.
The physical appearance of a living thing
Answer:
Living things have a variety of characteristics that are displayed to different degrees: they respire, move, respond to stimuli, reproduce, and grow, and are dependent on their environment.
The mechanism of enzyme activity is called
Answer: Protein
Explanation: An enzyme attracts substrates to its active site, catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed, and then allows the products to dissociate (separate from the enzyme surface). The combination formed by an enzyme and its substrates is called the enzyme–substrate complex.
Which cell type is essential to the immune response? lymphocytes monocytes fibrocytes keratinocytes
Lymphocytes is a type of cell type which is essential to the immune response.
Lymphocytes is of fundamental importance in the immune system because lymphocytes are the cells that determine the specificity of the immune response to infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances.
Lymphocytes are immune cells found in the blood and lymph tissue. T and B lymphocytes are the two main types.
B-lymphocytes are specialized cells of the immune system whose major function is to produce antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins or gamma-globulins). B cells develop in the bone marrow from stem cells.
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_________ inhibits ca2 deposition by osteoblasts and ca2 excretion by the kidneys.
Calcitonin inhibits Ca₂ deposition by osteoblasts and Ca2 excretion by the kidneys.
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It inhibits calcium deposition by osteoblasts and calcium excretion by the kidneys, and plays an important role in the body’s regulation of calcium ion concentration.
Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to excessive serum calcium ion concentration, or to an increase in the rate of bone formation. It acts on the osteoblasts to decrease calcium deposition, and on the kidneys to increase calcium excretion, thus helping to maintain normal blood calcium levels.
It has also been found to help in the triggering of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The hormone is also believed to stimulate the synthesis of other proteins involved in skeletal mineralization.
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