classical conditioning is the study of behaviors that are____ , whereas operant conditioning studies behaviors that are____
Answers
Operant conditioning examines proactive behaviour, whereas classical conditioning examines reactive behaviour.
That is what type of an operant is it?A rat clicking its lever with response to food, an infant screaming in relation to maternal care, or small talk in response to the social engagement are all examples of operant responses.
What is the operant concept?Operant conditioning is based on the fundamental idea that a sensory antecedent somehow triggers an action, which in turn triggers a result. This kind of training makes use of primary, supplementary, and generalised reinforcers—both positive and negative. Food, shelter, and/or water are the 3 main reinforcers.
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Related Questions
three condition necessary for the formation of stationary
wave
Answers
Answer:
Two waves must be having same wavelength, frequency, amplitude and travelling in the opposite direction.
WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING MECHANISM BASICALY IMPORTANT TO BRING FAST IDLE IN CABURETOR ENGINE
Answers
Answer:
The mechanism that is typically used to bring a carbureted engine to a fast idle is a throttle cable or linkage. This allows the driver to adjust the throttle and increase the engine speed to a designated fast idle setting. This is often used when the engine is cold to help it warm up more quickly, or when the vehicle is stopped and the engine needs to be kept running at a higher speed.
The electron concentration in silicon at T = 300 K is given by
n(x) = 10^16exp(-x/18) cm^-3
where x is measured in μm and is limited to 0 ≤ x ≤ 25 μm. The electron diffusion coefficient is Dn = 25 cm2/s and the electron mobility is μn = 960 cm2/V-s. The total electron current density through the semiconductor is constant and equal to Jn = -40 A/cm2. The electron current has both diffusion and drift current components. Determine the electric field as a function of x which must exist in the semiconductor.
Answers
Answer:
\(E=1.44*10^-7-2.6exp(\frac{-x}{18} )v/m\)
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Temperature of silicon \(T=300k\)
Electron concentration \(n(x)=10^{16}\exp (\frac{-x}{18})\)
\(\frac{dn}{dx}=(10^{16} *(\frac{-1}{16})\exp\frac{-x}{16})\)
Electron diffusion coefficient is \(Dn = 25cm^2/s \approx 2.5*10^{-3}\)
Electron mobility is \(\mu n = 960 cm^2/V-s \approx0.096m/V\)
Electron current density \(Jn = -40 A/cm^2 \approx -40*10^{4}A/m^2\)
Generally the equation for the semiconductor is mathematically given by
\(Jn=qb_n\frac{dn}{dx}+nq \mu E\)
Therefore
\(-40*10^{4}=1.6*10^{-19} *(2.5*10^{-3})*(10^{16} *(\frac{-1}{16})\exp\frac{-x}{16})+(10^{16}\exp (\frac{-x}{18}))*1.6*10^{-19}*0.096* E\)
\(E=\frac{-2.5*10^-^7 exp(\frac{-x}{18})+40*10^{4}}{1.536*10^-4exp(\frac{-x}{18} )}\)
\(E=1.44*10^-7-2.6exp(\frac{-x}{18} )v/m\)
what is the difference in procedure between a new facility design and a retrofit?
Answers
A new facility design is the process of creating a completely new facility from the ground up. This includes designing the layout of the building, selecting materials, and developing the necessary infrastructure such as heating, cooling, and electrical systems.
New facility design is an approach to creating a building, space or area that is tailored to the specific needs of the individuals or organizations that will be using it. It involves creating an environment that supports and encourages productivity, collaboration, and creativity. This type of design takes into consideration the physical, psychological, and emotional needs of its users, and creates a space that is tailored to their specific requirements.
A retrofit is the process of making modifications to an existing facility. This includes updating the facility's existing infrastructure, making cosmetic changes to the building, and making changes to the layout of the space. Retrofits are typically done to improve the efficiency of the facility or to make it more user-friendly.
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A hollow shaft and solid shaft constructed of the same material have the same length and same outer radius R .the inner radius of the hollow shaft is 0.8R.assuming that both shafts are subjected to the same torque, determine the ratios of their shear stresses, angles of twists,and weights.
Answers
The ratio of shear stresses in the hollow shaft to the solid shaft is 0.8. The ratio of twists is also 0.8. The weight ratio is 0.2.
The shear stress in a shaft is directly proportional to the applied torque and inversely proportional to the polar moment of inertia.
In the case of the hollow shaft, the polar moment of inertia is larger than that of the solid shaft due to the distribution of material away from the center.
Since both shafts experience the same torque, the ratio of their shear stresses is given by the ratio of their polar moments of inertia.
The polar moment of inertia of a hollow shaft is proportional to the difference between the outer and inner radii raised to the fourth power.
In this case, the hollow shaft has an inner radius of 0.8R and an outer radius of R, resulting in a ratio of (0.8^4) to 1^4, which simplifies to 0.4096.
The angle of twist is directly proportional to the applied torque and inversely proportional to the shear modulus and the polar moment of inertia.
Since the torque is the same for both shafts, the ratio of their angles of twist is determined solely by the ratio of their polar moments of inertia, yielding the same value of 0.4096.
The weight of a shaft is directly proportional to its volume, which is determined by its length and cross-sectional area.
Since both shafts have the same length and the same material, the ratio of their weights is equal to the ratio of their cross-sectional areas.
The cross-sectional area of a hollow shaft is given by π(R^2 - (0.8R)^2), while the cross-sectional area of a solid shaft is given by πR^2.
Simplifying this expression yields a ratio of 0.36.
In summary, the ratios of their shear stresses, angles of twists, and weights are approximately 0.4096, 0.4096, and 0.36, respectively.
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Wastewater flows into a _________ once it is released into a floor drain.
A) HoseB) Covered containerC) Sump pitD) Bucket
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Wastewater flows into a sump pit once it is released into a floor drain.
For better understanding, lets understand what wastewater means
Wastewater are water that are not needed or have been use and therefore they are disposed. Waster water often contains waste product of man such as food waste,feaces etc.Sump is simply known as a basin into which groundwater is channeled to. A sump pit is commonly known as a temporary pit that is fixed to trap and filter water for carrying or pumping into a design discharge area.From the above, we can therefore say that the answer that Wastewater flows into a sump pit once it is released into a floor drain is correct
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Two added to four times a number, minus 3 times the number, equals 5.
Answers
x= 3.
Explanation:What is presented in this problem is basically an equation in verbal form.
1. Write the equation.
\(2+4x-3x=5\)
2. Solve for x.\(2+4x-3x=5\\ \\2+x=5\\ \\x=5-2\\ \\x=3\)
3. Express the result.x= 3.
what is the maximum working pressure for a low-pressure steam boiler?
Answers
The maximum working pressure for a low-pressure steam boiler is typically around 15 pounds per square inch gauge (PSIG) or 103 kilopascals (kPa).
Low-pressure steam boilers are designed to operate at relatively low pressures compared to high-pressure boilers. The maximum working pressure for a low-pressure steam boiler is usually set based on safety considerations and the intended application. The pressure limit ensures that the boiler operates within its safe working range and prevents any potential damage or hazards. The specific maximum working pressure may vary depending on the design, construction, and regulations in different regions. However, a common guideline for low-pressure steam boilers is around 15 PSIG or 103 kPa, which provides adequate steam pressure for various heating and industrial processes while maintaining safety standards.
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What percentage is 122 out of 222?
Answers
Answer:
Divide the first number by the second.
Explanation:
~55%
Answer:
About 54-55% It depends on if you need to round.
Explanation:
How many codons can mutate to become nonsense codons through a single base mutation of the first base? Number of codons = codons Which amino acids do these codons encode? (Enter amino acids using the three-letter abbreviation. If an entry field is not required leave it blank.)
Answers
There are 64 possible codons, out of which 3 encode for stop signals or nonsense codons, namely UAA, UAG, and UGA. If the first base of a codon mutates, it can lead to a change in the amino acid encoded by that codon.
However, if this change results in the creation of one of the three stop codons, it will lead to the termination of translation and the formation of a truncated protein. There are 16 codons that have the first base as U, out of which 2 encode for the amino acid cysteine (Cys), 2 for phenylalanine (Phe), 1 for leucine (Leu), 1 for isoleucine (Ile), 1 for methionine (Met), and 9 for different amino acids. A single base mutation of the first base of any of these codons can potentially lead to the formation of a nonsense codon. For example, if the U in the UUU codon for phenylalanine mutates to A, it will create the UAU codon for tyrosine, which is a different amino acid. However, if the U in the UUU codon mutates to either C or G, it will result in the creation of the UAG or UGA stop codons respectively. Therefore, it is important to consider the potential consequences of mutations on the protein sequence and function.
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a flat-roofed rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides is a
Answers
A flat-roofed rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides is known as a pyramidal roof.
A pyramidal roof is a roof design characterized by a flat top surface and sloping sides that converge to form a pyramid shape. It is commonly used in architectural designs for various structures, including buildings, houses, and even certain types of towers. The pyramidal roof design offers several advantages, such as efficient water drainage, increased structural stability, and a visually appealing aesthetic. The sloping sides of the roof not only contribute to its distinctive appearance but also help to shed rainwater and prevent water pooling, which can protect the underlying structure from water damage.
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What is the basic requirement of measurements?
Answers
The basic requirement of measurements is to have a standard or reference point against which to compare the quantity being measured. This standard or reference point should be well-defined and stable, and the measurement process should be repeatable and consistent. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the measurement equipment is calibrated and in good working condition.
Answer:
The most basic requirement for measurements is the presence of a standard or reference point against which the quantity being measured can be compared. The measurement process should be repeatable and consistent, and the standard or reference point should be well-defined and stable. Furthermore, ensure that the measurement equipment is calibrated and in good working order.
Explanation:
Which fingerprint could be identfied with Mr. Kurtz?
a. 3
b. 9
c. 6
d. 10
Answers
Fingerprint 6 is the one associated with Mr. Kurtz.The correct answer is c.
Fingerprinting is an important security measure used to identify individuals and verify their identity. It involves taking an impression of the ridges and patterns on a person's fingers, which are then used to create a unique digital record that can be used to identify and verify an individual's identity.
The process involves taking an impression of the ridges and patterns on a person's fingers with a special scanner, which is then used to create a unique digital record. This record is then used to identify and verify the individual's identity. Fingerprinting has become increasingly popular in recent times, due to its accuracy and reliability as a form of biometric identification.
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Which of the following identifies the step after a parameter is analyzed in a morphological matrix?
The information is added to a Product Teardown Chart.
The information is added to a Function Structure Diagram.
The information is added to a decision matrix.
The information is added to a black box model.
Answers
The option that identifies the step after a parameter is analyzed in a morphological matrix is this: The information is added to a decision matrix.
What is the next step?After a parameter has been thoroughly analyzed in the morphological matrix, the next step is to add the information to a decision matrix. This will help in determining whether the product is fit for use and the aspects where the product will function best.
After analyzing the parameter, the analyst will need to make a decision.
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Mechanical Advantage Example
Answers
Mechanical advantage refers to the ratio of force output to force input in a given system. It measures how much easier a machine can make a task by amplifying force.
For example, a lever can be used to lift a heavy object with less effort. The mechanical advantage of a lever is calculated by dividing the distance from the fulcrum to the input force by the distance from the fulcrum to the output force.
Another example of mechanical advantage is the use of a pulley system. A pulley system can reduce the amount of force needed to lift a heavy object by distributing the weight over several ropes and pulleys. The mechanical advantage of a pulley system is determined by counting the number of ropes or sections of rope supporting the load.
Mechanical advantage is an important concept in physics and engineering as it allows us to design machines that can make work easier and more efficient. By understanding the principles of mechanical advantage, we can develop innovative solutions to complex problems and improve the way we live and work.
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Which option distinguishes the stage in the product development life cycle described in the following scenario?
A design team generates a list of product features to include in the design of a watch Internet interface.
A. detailed product design
B. product systems design
C. concept development
D. product planning
Answers
In an experiment, two integrated circuits (ICs) that come from the same silicon wafer are tested and the circuit is either accepted (a) or rejected (r). The sample space of the experiment is S={rr,ra,ar,aa}. Let B be the event that the first tested circuit is rejected and A denote the event that the second tested circuit is rejected, i.e., B={rr,ra} and A={ar,rr}. If P[rr]=0.02,P[ra]=0.03,P[ar]=0.03,P[aa]=0.92, find P[A∣B].
Answers
The conditional probability P[A|B] is 0.6.
To find the conditional probability P[A|B], we need to calculate the probability of event A occurring given that event B has already occurred. Using the formula for conditional probability, we divide the probability of both events A and B occurring by the probability of event B occurring.
Step 1: Calculate the probability of both events A and B occurring
Event A represents the second tested circuit being rejected, and event B represents the first tested circuit being rejected. Looking at the sample space, we see that the outcome "rr" satisfies both events A and B. So, P[A∩B] = P[rr] = 0.02.
Step 2: Calculate the probability of event B occurring
Event B represents the first tested circuit being rejected, which includes the outcomes "rr" and "ra". So, P[B] = P[rr] + P[ra] = 0.02 + 0.03 = 0.05.
Step 3: Calculate the conditional probability P[A|B]
Using the formula for conditional probability, we divide the probability of both events A and B occurring by the probability of event B occurring:
P[A|B] = P[A∩B] / P[B] = 0.02 / 0.05 = 0.4.
The conditional probability P[A|B] is 0.4.
Conditional probability is a fundamental concept in probability theory and is used to calculate the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. In this scenario, we are interested in finding the probability that the second tested circuit is rejected (event A) given that the first tested circuit is rejected (event B).
By analyzing the sample space and assigning probabilities to each outcome, we can apply the formula for conditional probability to calculate the desired probability. In this case, the conditional probability P[A|B] is found to be 0.4, indicating that there is a 40% chance of the second tested circuit being rejected given that the first tested circuit is rejected.
Understanding conditional probabilities is crucial in various fields, such as statistics, data analysis, and decision-making processes.
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A thin silicon chip and an 8-mm-thick aluminum substrate are separated by a 0.02-mm-thick epoxy joint. The chip and substrate are each 10 mm on a side, and their exposed surfaces are cooled by air, which is at a temperature of 25 C and provides a convection coefficient of 100 W/m2 K. If the chip dissipates 104 W/m2 under normal conditions, will it operate below a maximum allowable temperature of 85 C
Answers
Answer:
The chip will operate below a maximum allowable temperature of 85°C
Explanation:
Given data:
8-mm-thick aluminum
0.02 mm-thick epoxy joint
chip and substrate = 10 mm on a side
temperature = 25°C
attached below is a detailed solution
Tc = 75.3 ° c which is less than 85°c . hence the chip will operate below a maximum allowable temperature of 85°C
as the angle of the ramp is increased the force parallel increases /decreases / remains the same
Answers
As the angle of the ramp is increased, the force parallel increases. Hence, option (a) can be considered as the correct answer.
When the angle of a ramp is increased, the force parallel to the ramp, also known as the parallel component of the gravitational force, does increase. This is because the component of gravity acting parallel to the ramp increases with the angle. However, it's important to note that the total gravitational force acting on an object remains constant regardless of the angle of the ramp.As the angle of the ramp increases, the force required to push or pull an object up the ramp against gravity increases. This is due to the increase in the vertical component of the gravitational force, which opposes the motion up the ramp. The parallel force required to overcome this increased vertical force also increases.
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The Mamestra brassicae a moth is primarily known as a pest that is responsible for severe crop damage on a wide variety of plant species. Because there are limited means of chemically controlling the species, the use of wasp species that parasitize the eggs is used to control the reproduction and hence presence of these moths in agricultural crops. At a farm where a wasp species was introduced the eggs of the moths where collected and examined to determine if the wasps had successfully parasitized the eggs of the moths. Of 100 eggs collected 64 were determined to have been taken over by the wasps. Determine the 95% confidence interval for the true proportion moth eggs parasitized by the wasps.
Answers
The 95% confidence interval for the true proportion moth eggs parasitized by the wasps is;
CI = (0.5459, 0.7341)
We are given;
Sample size; n = 100
Number of successes in the sample; x = 64
Now, formula for estimated proportion of success is; p = x/n
p = 64/100
p = 0.64
Formula for confidence interval of proportions is;
CI = p ± z√(p(1 - p)/n)
Where z is the critical value at the confidence level.
From tables, at 95% CL, critical value z = 1.96
Thus;
CI = 0.64 ± 1.96√(0.64(1 - 0.64)/100)
CI = 0.64 ± 0.0941
Thus;
CI = (0.64 - 0.0941), (0.64 + 0.0941)
CI = (0.5459, 0.7341)
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Before using a vise to mount work, you should do all of the following except
Answers
Before using a vise to mount work, wipe the vise base and worktable clean, inspect it for burrs and nicks, and bolt it firmly to the table.
What is meant by vise?A vise or vice is a mechanical tool used to hold an object in place so that work can be done on it. The two parallel jaws of a vise are threaded in and out by a screw and a lever, with one jaw being fixed and the other movable. A set of locking pliers with a lever action is what is meant by the term "vise grip." A vise, also spelled vice, is a holding mechanism with two parallel jaws; one jaw is fixed and the other is moveable via a screw, lever, or cam. The vise may be permanently affixed to a bench when used to hold a workpiece during manual processes like filing, hammering, or sawing.The complete question is,
When a vise is used to mount work, ____.
wipe the vise base and worktable clean, inspect it for burrs and nicks, and bolt it firmly to the table
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rosbel or Janette lol baakkaaa
Answers
Answer:
t5g5gtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
Explanation:gt555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
Answer:
dawbkjbjwwjhjfbfjewfaekfhawkjndwkja
Explanation: dum*as*
Why doesn't a patch antenna need a balun? Give a detailed answer. Thank you!
Answers
A patch antenna is a type of radio antenna with a flat and planar surface, as well as a rectangular, square, or circular shape.
In contrast to other antennas, it does not require a balun the feed line impedance and the radiation element impedance match in a patch antenna. The coaxial cable used to feed the antenna usually has an impedance of 50 ohms. As a result, a 50-ohm impedance must be matched at the antenna for efficient power transfer.
The main purpose of using a balun is to prevent the unbalance in the current flow between the antenna and the transmission line. When the radiation element and the feed line impedance are matched, this issue is solved. A patch antenna does not require a balun since its feed line impedance and radiation element impedance match. Baluns are required in most antennas to match the asymmetrical transmission line to the antenna's symmetrical input impedance.
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Which statement best describes how scientists and engineers work together
in the research and development cycle?
A. Scientists develop a new technology, and then engineers test it by
doing experiments.
B. Engineers make a scientific discovery, and then scientists perform
research to verify it.
C. Scientists test designs made by engineers and then use the
results to improve the designs.
D. Engineers come up with scientific questions when they are
developing their design, and scientists do research to answer
them.
(this is for apex. i’d love if you could help me <33)
Answers
Answer: D
Explanation:
Scientists observe, guess and conduct several experiments.
Out of many experiments conducted, they discovered many things in which engineers can build or leverage on.
On the other hand, engineers also do some research but majorly design, build and develop many things.
As the process of developing a new design, they may encounter some issues or a problem or come up with scientific questions when they are
developing their design, Scientists will conduct several research and experiments to give solution and answers to those questions.
Therefore, the statement that best describes how scientists and engineers work together is:
Engineers come up with scientific questions when they are developing their design, and scientists do research to answer them.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
20. display the names of all products in the dairy products, seafood, and beverages categories. [use the products and categories tables] using joins
Answers
To display the names of all products in the dairy products, seafood, and beverages categories using joins between the "products" and "categories" tables, you can use the following SQL query:
SELECT products.productName
FROM products
JOIN categories ON products.categoryID = categories.categoryID
WHERE categories.categoryName IN ('Dairy Products', 'Seafood', 'Beverages');
This query uses a JOIN to combine the "products" and "categories" tables based on their shared "categoryID" column. The WHERE clause filters the results to only include products in the specified categories. The SELECT statement selects the product names from the resulting table.
Sure, here's a more detailed explanation of the SQL query:
sql
SELECT products.productName
This selects the "productName" column from the "products" table.
vbnet
FROM products
JOIN categories ON products.categoryID = categories.categoryID
This uses a JOIN to combine the "products" and "categories" tables based on their shared "categoryID" column. This means that for each row in the "products" table, the corresponding row in the "categories" table with the same "categoryID" is included in the result set.
arduino
WHERE categories.categoryName IN ('Dairy Products', 'Seafood', 'Beverages');
This filters the results to only include rows where the "categoryName" column in the "categories" table is one of the specified values ('Dairy Products', 'Seafood', 'Beverages'). This effectively restricts the result set to only include products in those categories.
So, when the query is executed, it will return a list of product names for all products in the "Dairy Products", "Seafood", and "Beverages" categories.
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A brittle failure has extensive plastic deformation in the vicinity of the advancing crack. This process proceeds relatively slow (stable) and the crack resists any further extension unless there is an increase in the applied stress
a. True
b. False
Answers
Answer:
False ( b )
Explanation:
In a brittle failure the cracks spreads rapidly without a significant deformation, and the cracks are very unstable with the cracks extending without an increase in the amount of applied stress.
Therefore the above description in the question is false.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common groundwater contaminant. Based on an adult ingesting the water under residential exposure parameters, which of the following presents the greatest cancer risk:
a. to drink unchlorinated groundwater with 10 ppb of TCE
b. to switch to a surface water supply that, as a result of chlorination, has a chloroform concentration of 50 ppb
Answers
Answer:
To drink unchlorinated groundwater with 10 ppb of TCE ( A )
Explanation:
The option that presents the greatest cancer risk for ingesting water
contaminated with Trichloroethylene under the residential exposure parameters is to drink unchlorinated groundwater with 10 ppb of TCE
This is because suitable water for drinking has chloroform concentration that ranges from 4 to 44 ppb but drinking under groundwater with ppb value above 4 ppb will have a more severe damage to the body
How might an operations manager alter operations to meet customer demand? Name at least two ways.
Answers
Answer:
Some ways that an operations manager may alter operations to meet customer demand include understanding who the customer is (this could be conducted through surveys and feedback opportunities for the customer) and making stock demand be more efficient to meet customer demand.
calculate force and moment reactions at bolted base O of overhead traffic signal assembly. each traffic signal has a mass 36kg, while the masses of member OC and AC are 50Kg and 55kg, respectively. The mass center of mmber AC at G.
Answers
Answer:
The free body diagram of the system is, 558 368 368 508 O ?? O, Consider the equilibrium of horizontal forces. F
Explanation:
I hope this helps you but I think and hope this is the right answer sorry if it’s wrong.
Calculate the mass of 300 liters of Hydrogen at a pressure of 200 Bar and a temperature of 25°C. Assume ideal gas. O 3.2kg 0 4.9 kg O58 kg O 21 kg
Answers
The mass of 300 liters of Hydrogen at a pressure of 200 Bar and a temperature of 25°C is approximately 4.9 kg.
To calculate the mass of a gas, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. In this case, we have the volume (300 liters), the pressure (200 Bar), and the temperature (25°C).
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin. The Kelvin temperature is obtained by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. Therefore, 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K.
Next, we need to convert the pressure from Bar to Pascal. One Bar is equal to 100,000 Pascals. So, 200 Bar = 200 × 100,000 = 20,000,000 Pascals.
Now, we can rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for the number of moles (n). n = PV / RT.
Plugging in the values, we get n = (20,000,000 Pa) × (300 liters) / [(8.314 J/(mol·K)) × (298.15 K)]. After performing the calculations, we find that the number of moles is approximately 3.2 moles.
Finally, to calculate the mass, we need to multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of hydrogen, which is approximately 2 grams per mole. Therefore, the mass of 300 liters of Hydrogen is approximately 3.2 moles × 2 g/mol = 6.4 grams = 0.0064 kg.
However, in the question, the answer choices provided are in kilograms. So, we need to convert grams to kilograms by dividing the value by 1000. Hence, the mass of 300 liters of Hydrogen is approximately 0.0064 kg, which is approximately equal to 4.9 kg.
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