Careful analysis of many types of organisms suggests that the amazingly complex camera-like eyes of vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs (octopuses and squids) formed through _______
Answers
Careful analysis of many types of organisms suggests that the amazingly complex camera-like eyes of vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs (octopuses and squids) formed through gradual refinement that occurred in both molluscs and vertebrates lineage to produce camera like structure in both molluscs and vertebrates.
The modern style of camera style eye of the vertebrate have evolved roughly 500 million years ago. The basic pattern of eyes are same in all vertebrates which is spherical structure fitted with cornea for passing light. It is complex structure consisting of retina, iris, ciliary body, optic nerves, etc.
Cephalopods are active marine predators which also have camera type structure which is very complex.
The similar eye structure in vertebrates and cephalopods are convergent in structure.
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Hello this is for the hardy Weinberg problems , I need help with the conclusion questions
Answers
A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if the genotype frequencies of the population are equal to the expected frequencies of the next generation, that is, if:
\(\begin{gathered} P=p^2 \\ H=2pq \\ Q=q^2 \end{gathered}\)The frequencies of the population are:
P= f(SS)= 0.9025
H= f(Ss)= 0.095
Q= f(ss)= 0.0025
The population of frogs has 8000 individuals, 20 of which are homozygous recessive for the trait "being spotted"
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium you can calculate the frequency of the recessive allele as follows:
The genotypic frequency of the homozygous recessive is
\(Q=q^2=\frac{20}{8000}\)Apply the square root to determine the value of q:
\(\begin{gathered} q=\sqrt[]{\frac{20}{8000}} \\ q=\frac{1}{20} \\ q=0.05 \end{gathered}\)The allelic frequencies are complementary, which means that they add up to 1, knowing the value of q you can calculate the frequency of the dominant allele p:
\(\begin{gathered} p+q=1 \\ p=1-q \\ p=1-0.05 \\ p=0.95 \end{gathered}\)Predict the genotype frequencies of the offspring on equilibrium:
Homozygous dominant SS
\(\begin{gathered} P=p^2 \\ P=0.95^2 \\ P=0.9025 \end{gathered}\)Heterozygous Ss
\(\begin{gathered} H=2pq \\ H=2\cdot0.95\cdot0.05 \\ H=0.095 \end{gathered}\)Homozygous recessive:
\(\begin{gathered} Q=q^2 \\ Q=0.05^2 \\ Q=0.0025 \end{gathered}\)Compare the results:
As you can see the genotype frequencies of the current population are equal to the genotype frequencies of the original population, you can say that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Once the population reaches equilibrium it does not change, i.e. the frequencies are the same from one generation to the other, unless some outer factors, like deforestation, create a drastic change in the genetic pool (for example, by eliminating/ adding individuals or isolating small portions of the population)
On the other hand, if the population is evolving, i.e. the genotypic frequencies are changing, and the observed genotype and allele frequencies will change from one generation to the next one.
If you concluded that the population is in equilibrium, then it is not possible for it to be evolving as the frequencies do not change for a population in equilibrium as they do when the population is evolving.
This means that the population is not evolving.
What is contained within the archegonium of both mosses and ferns? Sperm cells. The sporophyte generation. Egg/ovule cells
Answers
The archegonium of both mosses and ferns contains egg/ovule cells. These cells play a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of these plants by receiving and fertilizing sperm cells, leading to the development of the sporophyte generation.
The archegonium is a structure present in the gametophyte generation of these plants and serves as the female reproductive organ. It consists of a venter, which is a flask-shaped structure that houses the egg cell, and a long neck that extends above the surface of the plant. The egg/ovule cells within the archegonium are essential for sexual reproduction in mosses and ferns. When a sperm cell from the male gametophyte reaches the archegonium, it fertilizes the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
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Which is the property of matter in which a substance can transfer heat or electricity?
Answers
Answer:
Conductivity
Explanation:
Answer:
Conductance
Explanation:
Texto donde se desarrolle la definicion de seleccion natural. Además, empleem los siguientes terminos: Variabilidad, mecanismo selectivo y Darwin.
Answers
Answer:
la selección natural es el mecanismo principal por el cual la evolución ocurre
Explanation:
Charles Darwin fue un naturalista inglés que propuso la teoría de la evolución o 'descendencia con modificación' mediante el mecanismo de selección natural. Acorde a esta teoría, la selección natural se define como el mecanismo selectivo de reproducción diferencial de los individuos mejor adaptados a su ambiente. La variabilidad es el la materia prima sobre la cual la selección natural actúa, seleccionado aquellos individuos que presentan combinaciones fenotípicas y genotípicas más adaptadas para sobrevivir en un ambiente en particular. Los individuos de una población que son 'superiores adaptativamente' poseen más chances de sobrevivir y reproducirse, y por lo tanto tienen también más probabilidades de transmitir sus genes a la siguiente generación.
Which is the genotype of the sweet pea? heterozygous dominant heterozygous recessive homozygous dominant homozygous recessive
Answers
Heterozygous dominant is the genotype of the sweet pea. thus option A is correct.
What do you mean by genotype?The genetic foundation of a certain trait is called an organism's genotype. While an organism's phenotype refers to its outward appearance.
When an organism has two copies of the same dominant allele, it is said to be homozygous dominant.
The identical recessive allele is present in two copies in a homozygous recessive organism.
An organism is said to be heterozygous if it possesses both the dominant and recessive alleles of a gene.
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Which is the genotype of the sweet pea ?
A. heterozygous dominant
B. heterozygous recessive
C. homozygous dominant
D. homozygous recessive
Answer: C. Homozygous dominant
I just took the test
Identify the statement below that is true about chemical reactions. (1 point)
Endothermic reactions tend to increase the temperature of
their surroundings.
Exothermic reactions tend to release heat energy to the
surrounding environment.
Exothermic reactions have products with more energy
compared to the reactants.
Exothermic reactions do not require activation energy in
order to get started.
Answers
Answer:
Exothermic reactions tend to release heat energy to the
surrounding environment.
Explanation:
I remember it as ex in exothermic like as an explosion, which releases heat and energy
Exothermic reactions tend to release heat energy to the surrounding
environment is true about chemical reactions.
Exothermic reaction is the type of reaction which involves heat being
released to the surrounding environment. They also require activation
energy for the process to start.
Endothermic reaction involves absorption of heat from the surrounding
environment. This decreases the temperature of their surroundings.
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Which organism(s) between w,x,y and z represent a secondary consumer ?
1.x
2.w and y
3. W,y and z
4.z
Answers
The chart below lists different properties for the planets in the solar system. Use this chart to answer the following question. table of density mass and specific gravity In the table above, all mass and gravity is relative to Earth (which is why Earth is 1) and all densities are g/cm^3. Generally speaking, the [ Select ] planets have greater mass. Generally speaking, the [ Select ] planets have a greater density. The greater the [ Select ] of a planet, the higher surface gravity that planet has. Water has a density of 1.0 g/cm^3. If there was a tub of water big enough, the only planet that would float in that water is [ Select ] . All the other planets would sink. The only two planets where you would weigh [ Select ] than you do on Earth are [ Select ] and [ Select ] . On the other planets, you would weigh [ Select ] than you do on Earth.
Answers
In general, the mass of the heavier planets is higher. In general, the denser planets have higher densities. A planet's surface gravity increases as a planet's mass increases.
The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3. Saturn is the only planet that would float if there was a large enough tub of water. The other planets would all float away. Mars and Mercury are the only two worlds where you would weigh less than you do on Earth.
You would be heavier than you are on Earth on the other worlds. This is due to the fact that each planet's mass and gravity are measured in relation to Earth, which is why Earth is assigned a value of 1.
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name:
country his from:
what did he invent:
Answers
Explanation:
i think he is from england
Why did Napoleon rise so quickly?
Answers
Napoleon was a well-known military leader who was incredibly charming, bold, and ambitious. This mindset and military strategies worked together to help him advance through the rise so swiftly.
Because of Napoleon extreme desire, his military victories aided him in gaining power. He approved the Napoleonic Code, instituted policies to stimulate the economy, and established a public school system. He began to wage wars against his neighbors in an effort to subjugate them and modernize Europe. He uses the dogs to chase Snowball, his main rival, off the property. Napoleon used a range of tactics to keep his power and influence.
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Napoleon was a well-known military leader who was incredibly charismatic, bold, and ambitious. This mindset, coupled with his brash manner and cunning yet unconventional military strategies, let him to advance through the ranks so swiftly and finally become Emperor of France in 1804.
Additionally, Napoleon was able to establish some political ties, in part because to his siblings and later his wife. Napoleon had much less command and combat experience when appointed to the Army of Italy than his immediate subordinate divisions commanders, who had stronger cases for leading the army in terms of strict merit, and he actually owed much of his rapid rise to the command of the Army of Italy to these political connections rather than ability.
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A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
Answers
The three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal is known as a codon.
What is a codon?
Each codon is made up of a specific combination of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, and they pair up in a specific way to form the base pairs that make up the DNA double helix.
The sequence of these base pairs determines the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA transcript, which in turn determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein that is being synthesized. The genetic code is based on the specific pairing of codons with amino acids or termination signals.
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1. The nucleus is the site of
in protein synthesis
A. transcription
B. translation
Answers
The nucleus is the site of transcription in protein synthesis.
What do you mean by Transcription?Transcription may be defined as a process through which a cell makes a copy of RNA (mRNA) from a strand of the DNA.
These messenger RNA carries the genetic information which is essential to make a protein in a cell. The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
While translation is the process by which the sequences of mRNA may transform into proteins. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Therefore, the nucleus is the site of transcription in protein synthesis.
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PLZ HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIE AND STARS AND I WILL BE YOUR FRIEND
Answers
passive: doesn't require energy, from high to low concentration
active:requires energy, from low to high concentration
i dont know maybe
Based on your observations, which molecules can diffuse across the dialysis tubing? Circle all that apply: a. ∣K∣ b. Starch c. Glucose
Answers
Based on the options provided, glucose (c) and K+ (a) can diffuse across the dialysis tubing, while starch (b) cannot.
Glucose is a small molecule that can pass through the pores of the dialysis tubing, allowing it to diffuse across the membrane.
K+ is a small ion that is also able to diffuse through the membrane. On the other hand, starch is a large molecule that is unable to pass through the pores of the dialysis tubing and therefore cannot diffuse across the membrane.
The ability of molecules to diffuse across a membrane depends on factors such as size, charge, and the permeability of the membrane.
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how do the ommatidia of the compound eyes of arthropods differ from the image-forming eyes of vertebrates?
Answers
The eye lenses of vertebrates' eyes create images, but these complex eyes do not.
The individual photoreceptor units that are present in arthropods are called ommatidium, which are found in high numbers and exhibit photoreceptor cell behavior. Although their arrangement resembles that of vertebrate eyes (both sides of the head), compound eyes are fundamentally different from single chamber eyes due to their convex construction around the exterior of the animal's skull.
Although the image that compound eyes provide is not as sharp and detailed as a camera eye, they do have a significantly broader field of view, which is advantageous in flight. The ability to see all around aids spotting prey for flying predators like dragonflies. Many insects have UV vision, but we have not.
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Which sentence is true about inherited mutations?
Answers
Inherited mutations are permanent changes in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
These mutations can have various effects on an individual, it also increases the probability of developing certain genetic disorders. On the other hand, it can have advantageous effects too. The different types of inherited mutations are given below.
Germline mutation: This occurs in the egg or sperm cell and is passed to future generations.For example cystic fibrosis.Somatic mutation: This kind of mutation occurs in nonreproductive cells and is not passed to future generations.Inherited mutations can be checked using a diagnosis that identifies the changes in DNA. Genetic consulting is another solution.
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The question feels incomplete. Please provide some more details, ie, the sentence choices to choose the correct one.
Define abiotic factor and give four examples.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Abiotic factor affect the living organism vital
Water
Minerals
Light
O2 or CO2
Answer:
Nonliving things in an ecosystem.
Explanation:
TemperaturePrecipitationLandformsNutrient levelswhich of these structures are located in the renal cortex
Answers
The structures located in the renal cortex include renal corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting ducts.
The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney that contains various structures involved in the filtration and reabsorption of urine. Some of the structures located in the renal cortex include:
renal corpuscles: These are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. Each renal corpuscle consists of a glomerulus (a network of capillaries) and a Bowman's capsule (a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus).proximal convoluted tubules: These tubules are responsible for reabsorbing water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.distal convoluted tubules: These tubules are involved in further reabsorption and secretion of substances, regulating the pH and electrolyte balance of the urine.collecting ducts: These ducts receive urine from multiple nephrons and transport it towards the renal pelvis for elimination from the body.These structures work together to maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body and remove waste products through the formation of urine.
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The fence around the school's garden is 22.6 m. If the garden is 7.5 m long, how wide is the garden? *
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
22.6 is the perimeter because the question has the key words "fence" and "around" that let us know.
Perimeter equation is L+L+W+W
We know 7.5 is the length (could also be the width, it doesn't matter the order)
The length appears two times, so lets plug it in-
22.6= 7.5+7.5+W+W , Now you want to combine the like terms so.. 7.5+7.5=15
22.6= 15+W+W
Now subtract the 15 from 22.6
7.6= W+W , there are two W's left so divide 7.6 by 2
7.6/2= 3.8
It is 3.8 m wide
GIVING BRAINLIEST IF U DONT LOOK IT UP
How does the lack of water affect the plants in an area?
A Some plants will adapt, while others might not survive.
B Some plants will compete for sunlight, while others will adapt.
C They will grow faster and stronger.
D They will move to a new location.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Without enough water in the cells, the plant will droop, so water helps a plant to stand upright. Water carries dissolved sugar and other nutrients through the plant. So, without the proper balance of water, the plant not only is malnourished, but it is also physically weak and cannot support its own weight.
If 34 percent of the bases in a DNA molecule are adenines, then which of the
following is true?
O Thirty-four percent of the bases in the molecule will be thymines
Thirty-four percent of the bases n the molecule will be cytosines
Sixty-six percent of the molecule will be deoxyribose sugars.
Sixty-six percent of the molecule will be phosphate.
Answers
Answer:
34 percent will be thymine since the amount of thymine corresponds with the amount of adenine.
What are altostratus clouds?
Answers
Answer:
Mid-level sheets of thin cloud
Explanation:
(Answer quick please)
The dashed boundaries between the time zones are how many degrees of longitude apart?
1.10 degrees
2.15 degrees
3.23.5 degrees
4.24 degrees
Answers
what is assembly drawing
olease provide the example of assembly drawing
Answers
An assembly drawing is a technical drawing that represents the arrangement and relationship of various parts and components in a mechanical or engineering assembly.
An assembly drawing provides a visual representation of how different parts fit together to create a complete product or system. Assembly drawings are typically used in manufacturing and engineering processes to guide the assembly and production of complex structures or machines.
In this example, the assembly drawing shows a "Widget Assembly." It consists of several components represented by rectangular boxes, which are labeled as "Component." The lines and arrows indicate the relationships and connections between the components, depicting how they fit together to form the complete assembly.
Assembly drawings often include additional information such as part numbers, dimensions, and annotations to provide further details for assembly and manufacturing processes.
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The genetic material in living organisms is composed of organic molecules known as-
O starches
O lipids
O nucleic acids
O fatty acids
Answers
How long does it take for biodegradable plastic to decompose.
Answers
Answer:
three to six months
Explanation:
According to BBC Science Focus, biodegradable plastics take only three to six months to fully decompose, far quicker than traditional plastic that can take hundreds of years.
One limitation of food webs in representing an ecosystem is that they do not
A. Include producers in the ecosystem
B. Show consumer in the ecosystem
C.include all species in the ecosystem
D. Show predator prey relationships
Answers
Answer:
I think D (This isn't verified as correct, only my best concluded answer in terms of correction.)
Explanation:
The reason why I believe D is the answer is because the other answers are included in a food web. The reason for considering D is because I'm pretty sure that consumers are apart of a food web which could be logical for eliminating answer B. D would be a good answer considering that a food web consists of producerd and consumers and the transfer of energy. Relative to whether that's considered as a predator prey relationship other than an energy transfer relationship then D would probably be your answer.
One limitation of food webs in representing an ecosystem is that they do not show predator-prey relationships. So, the correct option is (D).
What is Food web?A food web is defined as the natural interconnection of food chains and is a graphical representation of what-eats in an ecological community. It is also known as a food web consumer-resource system.
A food chain is described as the direct transfer of energy between organisms, where each organism may feed on many things while the food web is a more realistic and simplified way of transferring energy in an ecosystem.
For the information above, consumers are different from a food web which may be logical where a food web consists of producers and consumers and there is a transfer of energy but in addition to the energy transfer relationship is considered as a predator prey relationship goes.
Thus, one limitation of food webs in representing an ecosystem is that they do not show predator-prey relationships. So, the correct option is (D).
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when nutrients are low, cells of the budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) exit the mitotic cell cycle and enter meiosis. in this exercise, you will track the dna content of a population of yeast cells as they progress through meiosis.
Answers
Cells of budding yeast(saccharomyces cerevisiae) leave the mitotic cell cycle and meiosis when resources are scarce.
48 fg of DNA are present in the yeast cell in G2, and DNA doubles during S phase. The yeast cell in G1 contains 24 fg of DNA, the zygote will have 24 fg of DNA, each cell will have 24 fg of DNA at the end of meiosis I, and each cell will have 12 fg of DNA at the end of meiosis II.
For somatic cells and the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells, mitosis is a type of cell division. The form of cell division known as meiosis is used to produce gametes during sexual reproduction.
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stick insects got their common name because of how well they morphologically match their environment, which is typically wood branches. as a type of camouflage, their morphology enables them to avoid predators by appearing to be another stick (or sometimes a leaf) in the bush or tree in which they are living. stick insects display a wide diversity of colors and shapes, with each species having evolved to closely match its host plant. if congress were to repeal the clean air act and we reverted to the days of smoggy air with significantly higher particulate matter that caused plants to darken from exposure, which statement would describe the likely evolution of the stick insect populations? choose one: a. the pollution will not affect the stick insect populations, so they will not evolve. b. the pollution will significantly reduce the stick insect populations. c. stick insects will retain the same morphology, but those that are resistant to air pollution will be more likely to survive and reproduce. d. stick insects that more closely match the darker color of the branches will be more likely to survive and reproduce, with the next generation of stick insects having a higher proportion of darker insects.
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the darker stick bugs would be able to survive long enough to reproduce but the lighter ones wouldn't be able to
How does osmoregulation take place in trout fish?
Answers
Answer:
The gills actively uptake salt from the environment by the use of mitochondria-rich cells. some marine fish, like sharks, have adopted a different, efficient mechanism to conserve water, osmoregulation. they retain urea in their blood in relatively higher concentration.
Explanation: