Calculate the Assume one motor is connected to RB4, a program is design to run this motor by 80% duty cycle. Crystal frequency is 20 MHz. Illustrate the pulse generated complete with all the labels.

When installing conduit in reinforced concrete, it is best to use a masonry bit.

Conduit is a tube or other non-flexible material in which electrical cables are housed. The use of conduit is necessary for protection against electric shock, mechanical injury, and chemical damage in the wiring system.

Conduit is utilized to run the wiring through various places to get them from one point to another. It provides extra support and protection to wires, reducing the risk of damage from external factors, and it is crucial in shielding wires in underground installations.

A masonry bit is a type of drill bit used to drill holes in concrete, brick, and other masonry materials. It is designed to drill through tough and hard materials that are difficult to drill through using other drill bits.

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When installing conduit in reinforced concrete, it is best to use a concrete saw to cut channels and then attach conduit clamps. Conduit is a type of protective casing used to house and protect electrical wiring. It is available in various materials such as PVC, metal, and fiberglass.

It is available in various materials such as PVC, metal, and fiberglass. Conduits are usually installed in various locations and may involve a range of techniques depending on the material used.The conduit can be installed in reinforced concrete, which is a type of concrete that has steel bars or fibers embedded to provide it with greater strength and durability. When installing conduit in reinforced concrete, it is best to use a concrete saw to cut channels and then attach conduit clamps. This process is also referred to as the "chasing method."The chasing method is a very common installation method. It involves cutting a channel into the concrete, laying the conduit in it, and then filling the channel with a patching compound.It is best to use a metal conduit that is resistant to damage, corrosion, and bending.The conduit should be cut to length and deburred to remove any sharp edges.

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Answer:

Wrought iron is an iron alloy with very low carbon content with respect to cast iron.

Explanation:

It is soft, ductile, magnetic, and has high elasticity and tensile strength. It can be heated and reheated and worked into various shapes.

Answer:

Wrought iron is an ferrous metal with a very low amount of carbon (less than 0.08%) compared to cast iron (2% or more). It is a semi-molten mass of iron with a fibrous sheath (up to 2% by weight), giving it a "grain" similar to wood grain, visible when bent or bent to the point of fracture. Wrought iron, malleable, easy to draw, corrosion resistant and easy to weld. Explanation:

IntroductionMicrosoft Project is a project management software product, developed and sold by Microsoft. Microsoft Project is designed to assist project managers in planning, monitoring, and reporting on projects.

After reviewing Microsoft Learning Resources for this week, this project was created using MS Project.Fifteen tasks for the project:

Task 1: Introduction of the projectTask 2: Planning of the project

Task 3:  Execution of the projectTask 4: Testing of the projectTask 5: Acceptance of the projectTask 6: User documentation of the projectTask 7: Training of the projectTask 8: Development of project requirementsTask 9: Development of project architectureTask 10: Designing of the projectTask 11: Development of the projectTask 12: Quality assurance and testing of the projectTask 13: Delivery of the projectTask 14: Closure of the projectTask 15: Project reviewAdd a milestone:Milestone 1: Planning of the projectEstablish durations for each task:Task 1: 1 DayTask 2: 2 DaysTask 3: 5 DaysTask 4: 3 DaysTask 5: 2 DaysTask 6: 2 DaysTask 7: 1 DayTask 8: 2 DaysTask 9: 1 DayTask 10: 4 DaysTask 11: 10 DaysTask 12: 7 DaysTask 13: 1 DayTask 14: 2 DaysTask 15: 1 DayEstablish precedence relationships for each task:Task 1: Successor is Task 2Task 2: Successor is Task 3Task 3: Successor is Task 4Task 4: Successor is Task 5Task 5: Successor is Task 6Task 6: Successor is Task 7Task 7: Successor is Task 8Task 8: Successor is Task 9Task 9: Successor is Task 10Task 10: Successor is Task 11Task 11: Successor is Task 12Task 12: Successor is Task 13Task 13: Successor is Task 14Task 14: Successor is Task 15Include at least one SS relationship:There are no SS relationships in this project.Include at least one FF relationship:Task 1 FF relationship to Task 3Group these tasks into at least three phases:Phase 1: Tasks 1-5Phase 2: Tasks 6-10Phase 3: Tasks 11-15Save the file; include your last name in the file name (for example: yourlastname_project.mpp):Kumar_Project.mppChallenges faced:I did not face any challenges while creating this project using MS Project. MS Project is user-friendly and easy to navigate. It took me about an hour to complete this project.

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We created a program that alternates between the localization, steering, and navigation modules. The navigation module implements a routing algorithm and selects the global route.

A program is described as a set of instructions that a computer executes to do a certain activity. Study programs are made to fit your specific learning needs and get you ready for more education, training, or work.

Navigation modules are defined as the interactions that let users move between, inside of, and outside of the various pieces of content in your app. Extra parts are frequently included in the modules to make the sensor easier to use.

Thus, we created a program that alternates between the localization, steering, and navigation modules. The navigation module implements a routing algorithm and selects the global route.

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The answer to the question is B. Ready-for-press After the client approves the comp and the designer refine the piece with the remaining details, they are moving into the phase of the design process known as the ready-for-press stage. This is because they have already undergone the presentation phase, which is the stage where the designer presents his work to the client.

Thumbnailing is an essential aspect of the design process that occurs in the initial stages of the design process, where the designer sketches out several design ideas. Research is another critical phase of the design process, where the designer carries out extensive research on the project to gather information that will be useful for the design.

During this stage, the designer prepares the artwork for print or publishing by ensuring that the design is error-free, aligning all the design elements, and converting the design to the correct format. Therefore, after the client approves the comp and the designer refines the piece with the remaining details, they're moving into the phase of the design process known as the ready-for-press stage.

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If two currents are in the same direction at any instant of time in a given branch of a circuit, the net current at that instant will be the sum of the two individual currents. In other words, the net current is the algebraic sum of the two currents.

For example, if one current is 2 amperes and the other current is 3 amperes, and they are flowing in the same direction in a given branch of the circuit, then the net current at that instant will be 5 amperes (2 + 3 = 5).

It's important to note that this only applies at a specific instant in time, and the net current may change as the circuit changes or the currents vary.

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It should be noted that knowing the business impact of your project compared to that of your teammates’ other work is important as it will give the person the outline the consequences and costs of potential setbacks.

It should be noted that the project managers can use a business impact analysis to assess processes, tools, and resource usage.

Not only will it help measure the true impact of projects, but it will also be useful to outline the consequences and costs of potential setbacks.

Here, prioritizing the chores and a clear strategy is needed. This would assist to make use of the time of the team members efficiently and effectively. Also, it's essential that it is always preferable to know about the rivals to enhance our product over time and to keep one step ahead.

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Complete question:

How is your first week on Project Excite going? We need to deliver the test version of your product for review in a week. If you need support, let your teammates or me know, and we will do our best to help. Here is everyone’s availability over the next week.

Ravi = fully booked all week

Kara = some time Monday and Friday

Mark = some time Monday and Tuesday

How useful is knowing the business impact of your project compared to that of your teammates’ other work?

There is the evolution of computers has been observed from first generation to fifth generation based on the size as well as their functions.

A computer is referred to as an electronic device that is used to calculate arithmetic and logical operation with accuracy without causing any error in the results.

The computer consists of the Central processing unit considered its brain along with hardware and software system which helps in performing activities.

Today is the time of artificial intelligence where the computer used is a laptop, tablet, as well as palmtop which, are easy to carry and compact in size offering advanced functions.

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What the given passage is saying about the relationship between sustainability and responsibility is that;

C: We should only consider products or services to be green if their broad impact can be considered so.

From the passage, we see a write up questioning if the things we term to be green are truly green.

Now, from the passage, we see that a biofuel that is considered to be green is not really green if we consider that if it requires massive overproduction, it could wreck the water table.

Also, he says that if the production is local but also wasteful then it is not green.

Thus, we can see clearly that before we term a product or service as green, we should also consider their broad impact on the environment.

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Answer:

42.50 dB

Explanation:

Determine the minimum voltage gain

amplitude of input signal ( Vi ) = 15 mV

amplitude of output signal ( Vo) = 2 V

Vo = 2 v

therefore ; minimum gain = Vo / Vi =  2 / ( 15 * 10^-3 )

                                                         = 133.33

Minimum gain in DB = 20 log ( 133.33 )

                                  = 42.498 ≈ 42.50 dB

The center of mass of a baseball bat would be located nearer to the heavier end. This is because the distribution of mass is not uniform along the length of the bat, with the heavier end having more mass concentrated in that area.

The center of mass of a baseball bat would be located closer to the heavier end. This is because the mass of the bat is not evenly distributed throughout its length, with the barrel being heavier than the handle.

As a result, the center of mass is shifted towards the heavier end, making it closer to that end.

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Answer:

When a force is exerted on an object it can change the object's speed, direction of movement or shape. Pressure is a measure of how much force is acting upon an area. Pressure can be found using the equation pressure = force / area. Therefore, a force acting over a smaller area will create more pressure

Explanation:

hope it will become helpful to you ☺️☺️

Answer:

Here is the fractional_part() function:

def fractional_part(numerator, denominator):

   if denominator != 0:

       return (numerator % denominator)/denominator

   else:

       return 0

Explanation:

I will explain the code line by line.

The first statement it the definition of function fractional_part() which takes two parameters i.e. numerator and denominator to return the fractional part of the division.

Next is an if statement which checks if the value of denominator is 0. If this is true then the function returns 0. If this condition evaluates to false which means that the value of denominator is not 0 then return (numerator % denominator)/denominator  is executed. Now lets see how this statement works with the help of an example.

Lets say the value of numerator is 5 and denominator is 4. (numerator % denominator)/denominator will first compute the modulus of these two values. 5 % 4 is 1 because when 5 is divided by 4 , then the remainder is 1. Now this result is divided by denominator to get the fractional part. When 1 is divided by 4 the answer is 0.25. So this is how we get the fractional part which is 0.25.  

The program with output is attached.

Tech a says that a battery load test must be performed with the battery removed from the vehicle. Tech b says that a battery load test should be performed when the battery is heavily discharged. The correct technician is Technician A.

Load testing your car battery may tell you if it is sufficiently charged, and it is simple to do using a voltmeter. Set your voltmeter to 20 volts or the highest number over 15.

Load testing a battery with an adjustable graphite pile battery tester is one approach for checking the status of its plates. A load tester applies a calibrated load to the battery and measures its response. The load is set to half the present battery's cold cranking amp (CCA) rating for 15 seconds.

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The field in Niger Delta, developed by NPDC has an estimated potential of 80,000,000 (80MM) barrels of oil. The development  is estimated to take about 4 years. The production is assumed to start at the end of the third year, and facilities will be constructed to handle 20,000 barrels of oil per day.

The economic limit is determined to be 600 barrels of oil per day. Determine a forecast of the annual production rate and cumulative production over the entire life of this field. Annual production rate: Annual production rate = 20,000 barrels of oil per day × 365 days Annual production rate = 7,300,000 barrels of oil per year.

At the end of the sixth year, the facility limit is expected to be reached, and the production will continue at a constant rate of 20,000 barrels of oil per day until the 12th year. Cumulative production: Production from year 0 to year 6 = 7,300,000 barrels of oil per year × 6 years.

Production from year 0 to year 6 = 43,800,000 barrels of oil Cumulative production from year 7 to year 12:Annual production rate = 20,000 barrels of oil per day × 365 days Annual production rate = 7,300,000 barrels of oil per year Cumulative production from year 7 to year 12 = 7,300,000 barrels of oil per year × 6 years Cumulative production from year 7 to year 12 = 43,800,000 barrels of oil.

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Engineers - professionals who apply scientific knowledge to design and manufacture machines.

We have,

Engineers are professionals who use their practical knowledge of science, mathematics, and technology to design, develop, and manufacture machines, systems, and structures.

They apply scientific principles and theories to create practical solutions for various industries and sectors.

Engineers utilize their expertise to design, analyze, and improve machines, ensuring they meet specific requirements, functionality, safety standards, and efficiency.

They consider factors such as materials, cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and feasibility while designing and manufacturing machines.

Overall, engineers combine scientific knowledge with practical skills to innovate and create technology and machinery that serves various purposes in society.

Thus,

Engineers - professionals who apply scientific knowledge to design and manufacture machines.

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I would honestly select every one of the given options. Gor a company evaluating this new material it would be very valuable to hit each of these factors.

The range of force exerted at the end of the rope is; 285.7 N to 1,000 N.

The net horizontal force of the cylinder when it is at equilibrium position can be found by applying Newton's second law of motion. Thus;

∑F = 0

F - μF_n = 0

We are given;

F_n = 5 kN = 5000 N

μ = 0.2

Thus;

F - 0.2(5,000) = 0

F - 1,000 = 0

F = 1,000 N

The strength of the applied force will be increasing as the number of turns of the rope increases. Thus;

Minimum force = Total force/number of turns of rope

Since rope is wrapped three and half times, then;

number of turns = 3.5

Thus;

minimum force = 1,000/3.5

minimum force = 285.7 N

Thus, the range of force exerted at the end of the rope is 285.7 N to 1,000 N.

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The operational availability, considering the logistic time for support, is approximately 0.643 or 64.3%. We need to use the formulas related to availability and MTTR.

1. Maximum Value of MTTR:

The formula for availability is given as:

Availability = MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)

Given that the inherent availability of the system is 0.92 and the MTBF is 220 hours, we can rearrange the formula to solve for MTTR:

0.92 = 220 / (220 + MTTR)

Solving for MTTR:

0.92 * (220 + MTTR) = 220

202.4 + 0.92 * MTTR = 220

0.92 * MTTR = 17.6

MTTR = 17.6 / 0.92

MTTR ≈ 19.13 hours

Therefore, the maximum value of MTTR is approximately 19.13 hours.

2. Operational Availability considering Logistic Time for Support:

The operational availability (Ao) can be calculated by considering both the inherent availability (Ai) and the logistic time for support (LTS) as follows:

Ao = Ai * (1 - LTS)

Given that the logistic time for support is stated as 30% of the total downtime, we can calculate it as follows:

LTS = 0.30 * (MTTR + LTS)

Simplifying the equation:

LTS = 0.30 * MTTR / (1 - 0.30)

Now, we can substitute the value of MTTR we obtained earlier:

LTS = 0.30 * 19.13 / (1 - 0.30)

LTS ≈ 0.30 * 19.13 / 0.70

LTS ≈ 8.25 hours

Finally, we can calculate the operational availability:

Ao = Ai * (1 - LTS)

Ao = 0.92 * (1 - 8.25 / (MTTR + LTS))

Ao = 0.92 * (1 - 8.25 / (19.13 + 8.25))

Ao ≈ 0.92 * (1 - 8.25 / 27.38)

Ao ≈ 0.92 * (1 - 0.301)

Ao ≈ 0.92 * 0.699

Ao ≈ 0.643

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Answer:

La probabilidad pedida es \(0.820196\)

Explanation:

Sabemos que la probabilidad de que un nuevo producto tenga éxito es de 0.85. Sabemos también que se eligen 10 personas al azar y se les pregunta si comprarían el nuevo producto. Para responder a la pregunta, primero definiremos la siguiente variable aleatoria :

\(X:\) '' Número de personas que adquirirán el nuevo producto de 10 personas a las que se les preguntó ''

Ahora bien, si suponemos que la probabilidad de que el nuevo producto tenga éxito se mantiene constante \((p=0.85)\) y además suponemos que hay independencia entre cada una de las personas al azar a las que se les preguntó ⇒ Podemos modelar a \(X\) como una variable aleatoria Binomial. Esto se escribe :

\(X\) ~ \(Bi(n,p)\) en donde \(''n''\) es el número de personas entrevistadas y \(''p''\) es la probabilidad de éxito (una persona adquiriendo el producto) en cada caso.

Utilizando los datos ⇒ \(X\) ~ \(Bi(10,0.85)\)

La función de probabilidad de la variable aleatoria binomial es :

\(p_{X}(x)=P(X=x)=\left(\begin{array}{c}n&x\end{array}\right)p^{x}(1-p)^{n-x}\)    con \(x=0,1,2,...,n\)

Si reemplazamos los datos de la pregunta en la función de probabilidad obtenemos :

\(P(X=x)=\left(\begin{array}{c}10&x\end{array}\right)(0.85)^{x}(0.15)^{10-x}\) con \(x=0,1,2,...,10\)

Nos piden la probabilidad de que por lo menos 8 personas adquieran el nuevo producto, esto es :

\(P(X\geq 8)=P(X=8)+P(X=9)+P(X=10)\)

Calculando \(P(X=8), P(X=9)\) y \(P(X=10)\) por separado y sumando, obtenemos que \(P(X\geq 8)=0.820196\)

Por definición de variable aleatoria binomial, la probabilidad de que por lo menos 8 adquieran el nuevo producto es 0.8202.

En primer lugar, debes saber que la Probabilidad es la mayor o menor posibilidad de que ocurra un determinado suceso.

En otras palabras, la probabilidad establece una relación entre el número de sucesos favorables y el número total de sucesos posibles.

Por otro lado, una variable aleatoria es una función que asocia un número real, perfectamente definido, a cada punto muestral.

Una variable aleatoria es discreta si los números a los que da lugar son números enteros.

Finalmente, una distribución binomial es una distribución de probabilidad discreta que describe el número de éxitos al realizar n experimentos independientes entre sí, acerca de una variable aleatoria.

La expresión  para calcular la distribución binomial es:

P(X=x)=( \(n\\ x\) ) pˣ qⁿ⁻ˣ

Donde:

Recordar que:

( \(n\\ x\) )= \(\frac{n!}{x!(n-x)!}\)

donde el signo de exclamación representa el símbolo de factorial, es decir el producto de todos los números enteros positivos desde 1 hasta n.

En este caso, sabes que la probabilidad de que un nuevo producto tenga éxito es de 0.85 y se eligen 10 personas al azar. Entonces se define la siguiente variable aleatoria:

X= '' Número de personas que adquirirán el nuevo producto de 10 personas a las que se les preguntó ''

Suponiendo que hay independencia entre cada una de las personas al azar a las que se les preguntó, es posible usar una variable aleatoria Binomial. Siendo n el número de personas entrevistadas (en este caso, 10 personas) y p la probabilidad de éxito (una persona adquiriendo el producto, en este caso 0.85) en cada caso, la expresión a utilizar queda expresada como:

P(X=x)=( \(10\\ x\) ) 0.85ˣ (1-0.85)¹⁰⁻ˣ

P(X=x)= \(\frac{10!}{x!(10-x)!}\) 0.85ˣ (0.15)¹⁰⁻ˣ

Se desea calcular la probabilidad de que por lo menos 8 adquieran el nuevo producto. Siendo 10 las personas elegidas al azar, puede ser que sean 8,9 o 10 las personas que adquieran un nuevo producto. Entonces la probabilidad deseada es calculada como:

\(P(X\geq 8)= P(X=8) + P(X=9) + (P=10)\)

Entonces:

\(P(X\geq 8)=\)  \(\frac{10!}{8!(10-8)!}\) 0.85⁸ (0.15)¹⁰⁻⁸ +  \(\frac{10!}{9!(10-9)!}\) 0.85⁹ (0.15)¹⁰⁻⁹ +  \(\frac{10!}{10!(10-10)!}\) 0.85¹⁰ (0.15)¹⁰⁻¹⁰

Resolviendo:

\(P(X\geq 8)=\)  \(\frac{10!}{8!2!}\) 0.85⁸ (0.15)² +  \(\frac{10!}{9!1!}\) 0.85⁹ (0.15)¹ +  \(\frac{10!}{10!0!}\) 0.85¹⁰ (0.15)⁰

\(P(X\geq 8)=\)  45×0.85⁸×(0.15)² +  10×0.85⁹×(0.15)¹ +  1×0.85¹⁰×(0.15)⁰

\(P(X\geq 8)=\)  0.2759 +  0.3474 + 0.1969

\(P(X\geq 8)=\)  0.8202

Finalmente, la probabilidad de que por lo menos 8 adquieran el nuevo producto es 0.8202.

Aprender más sobre probabilidad y distribución binomial:

Answer:

USDA has developed strict measures of quality for products such as grains, rice, corn, and beans. Quality grading is based on the standards developed for each product. Quality grades provide a common language among buyers and sellers, which in turn assures consistent quality for consumers.

Explanation:

What you should not do is follow the instructions in the message and verify the app site is legitimate.

When your mobile device displays messages informing you that it is infected with malware and instructs you to install another app to remove it, you should exercise caution. It is important not to follow the instructions provided in the message and verify the app site's legitimacy.

Messages claiming malware infections and prompting you to install additional apps can be part of a phishing or scam attempt. The intention behind such messages is to trick users into downloading malicious software or providing sensitive information.

Instead, it is advisable to take the following actions:

1. Back up all user data: Before taking any further steps, it is essential to back up your device's data to ensure that important information is not lost during the process of addressing the potential malware issue.

2. Check for a compromised app: Perform a thorough review of your installed apps and look for any suspicious or unfamiliar apps that may be causing the issue. Uninstall any apps that you suspect may be compromised or associated with the malware infection.

3. Disregard the message: Treat the message on your device as potentially fraudulent or malicious. Disregard the instructions provided and avoid installing any additional apps suggested by the message.

By following these steps, you can minimize the risk of further compromising your device's security and protect your personal information.

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The stoichiometric air to fuel ratio for a 100% ethanol (CH3CH2OH) fuel is approximately 28.57 (mole/mole).

To estimate the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio for a 100% ethanol (CH3CH2OH) fuel (mole/mole), follow these steps:

1. Determine the moles of O2 required for the reaction: In the given reaction, 6 moles of CH3CH2OH react with 36 moles of O2.

2. Calculate the moles of air required: Since air is 21% O2 by volume, we can determine the moles of air needed to provide 36 moles of O2.

(36 moles O2) / (0.21) = 171.43 moles of air

3. Calculate the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (mole/mole): Divide the moles of air by the moles of fuel (CH3CH2OH) to find the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio.

(171.43 moles of air) / (6 moles of CH3CH2OH) = 28.57

Therefore, the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio for a 100% ethanol (CH3CH2OH) fuel is approximately 28.57 (mole/mole).

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Answer:

0.193 m/s

Explanation:

Given :

Density of water = 1000 \(kg/m^3\)

Manometric height = 20 mm

Density of SAE(30) = 875.4 \(kg/m^3\)

Determining the upstream velocity of the oil, v = \($\sqrt{2gh}$\)    , h = piezometric head.

\($h=\left(\frac{\rho_m}{\rho_l}-1\right)y$\)

\($h=\left(\frac{1000}{875.4}-1\right)\times \frac{20}{1000}$\)

\($h=2.84\times 10^{-3} \ m$\)

Now,

\($v=\sqrt{2 \times 9.81 \times 2.84 \times 10^{-3}}$\)

  = 0.193 m/s  

Answer:

b. A view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one façade. This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building.

Explanation:

An elevation is a three-dimensional, orthographic, architectural projection that reveals just a side of the building. It is represented with diagrams and shadows are used to create the effect of a three-dimensional image.

It reveals the position of the building from ground-depth and only the outer parts of the structure are illustrated. Elevations, building plans, and section drawings are always drawn together by the architects.

a. a = 12 is the solution to the given congruence relation. b. the positive integers less than 12 that are relatively prime to 12 are 1, 5, 7, and 11.

(a) The main answer: The integer a that satisfies a ≡ -15 (mod 27) is 12.

To find the value of a, we need to consider the congruence relation a ≡ -15 (mod 27). This means that a and -15 have the same remainder when divided by 27.

To determine the value of a, we can add multiples of 27 to -15 until we find a number that falls within the range of {0, 1,..., 26}. By adding 27 to -15, we get 12. Therefore, a = 12 is the solution to the given congruence relation.

(b) The main answer: The positive integers less than 12 that are relatively prime to 12 are 1, 5, 7, and 11.

Supporting explanation: Two integers are relatively prime if their greatest common divisor (GCD) is 1. In this case, we are looking for positive integers that have no common factors with 12 other than 1.

To determine which numbers satisfy this condition, we can examine each positive integer less than 12 and calculate its GCD with 12.

For 1, the GCD(1, 12) = 1, which means it is relatively prime to 12.

For 2, the GCD(2, 12) = 2, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 3, the GCD(3, 12) = 3, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 4, the GCD(4, 12) = 4, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 5, the GCD(5, 12) = 1, which means it is relatively prime to 12.

For 6, the GCD(6, 12) = 6, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 7, the GCD(7, 12) = 1, which means it is relatively prime to 12.

For 8, the GCD(8, 12) = 4, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 9, the GCD(9, 12) = 3, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 10, the GCD(10, 12) = 2, so it is not relatively prime to 12.

For 11, the GCD(11, 12) = 1, which means it is relatively prime to 12.

Therefore, the positive integers less than 12 that are relatively prime to 12 are 1, 5, 7, and 11.

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