If the DNA sequence is TGC ACG TAC, then the mRNA sequence is:
A.) ACG UGC AUG.
B.) ACG TGC ATG.
C.) AGC UCG AUC.
D.) AGC AGC ATG.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A.) ACG UGC AUG.  The answer is A

Explanation:


Related Questions

I need to check the ones that are true off ​

I need to check the ones that are true off

Answers

Answer:

All of them are true except the second one

Answer:

Correct Statements:

-A)

-D)

Explanation:

A) true: A cell contains organelles

B) False: A tissue is a group of specialized cells (same cells) an organ is an ensemble of tissues with the same purpose.

C) False: Only plant cells have cell walls

D) True: Cells are the basic unit of life in multicellular organisms

There are more than 6,000 marine-protected areas (mpas) worldwide accounting for approximately ______ percent of the world's surface ocean.

Answers

Only 4.8 percent of the global ocean is protected by MPAs, with 2 percent of that total designated as highly or fully protected areas.

What is a Marine Protected Area? 

An instrument of spatially based management and conservation intended to lessen human impact on populations, communities, and habitats, typically with a fishing-related focus.

In reefal environments, typical bioturbators include crustaceans, annelid worms (polychaetes, oligochaetes, etc.), gastropods, bivalves, holothurians, fish, and numerous other infaunal and epifaunal organisms that feed on, burrow into, and rework sediment particles in the uppermost sediment layers.

The ability of MPAs to safeguard marine ecosystems and other marine resources is constrained, despite their advantages. The percentage of oceans that are protected globally is only about 1%.

To learn more about Marine Protected Area visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28319536

#SPJ4

a biologist is studying how pollution affects algal growth and snail populations in a portion of lake erie. what level of the organization is she studying?

Answers

A biologist is studying how pollution affects algal growth and snail populations in a portion of lake erie. The level of the organization is she studying was the ecosystem

An ecosystem is an ecological system formed by an inseparable reciprocal relationship between living things and their environment. Ecosystems are formed from biotic and abiotic components that mutually influence each other.

The biotic component consists of all living things on this earth, including humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. While the abiotic components are all forms of inanimate objects that exist on the surface of the earth that provide benefits and also influence the life of living things.  Pollution is an abiotic component that influences the biotic component, namely the growth of algae and snail populations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the researcher is studying the level of ecosystem organization because what he is studying includes biotic and abiotic components that give each other reciprocity.

Learn more about  ecosystem at:

https://brainly.com/question/12989124

#SPJ4

pls help!!


this is 7th grade science

pls help!!this is 7th grade science

Answers

Answer:

i think it's d.

sorry if its wrong, hope I helped though!!

Wind farms are clusters of wind turbines used to produce electricity. Often wind farms sell the electricity they produce to utility companies. New technologies have recently decreased the cost of producing electricity from wind. Which is a potential benefit of making this source of energy more affordable?

Answers

Answer:

explanation below

Explanation:

When wind energy becomes quite available at an affordable rate, it offers many advantages which continues to explain why it has remain one of the fastest growing energy sources in the world.  

Wind energy is clean and does not pollute the environment unlike what is gotten from the use of fossil fuels.  

Individuals can rightly use this energy source to power their homes at different times .

Fuentes no renovables de la naturaleza

Answers

Explanation:

Se denomina fuentes de energía no renovables a aquellas que se encuentran en la naturaleza en cantidades limitadas. No se regeneran o lo hacen en forma extremadamente lenta. Fuentes de energía no renovables son los combustibles fósiles y los isótopos radiactivos utilizados en la energía nuclear.

pls mark me branilest

Are the extinct hominids more closely related to modern humans
or modern apes? Explain using specific facial features.

Answers

Yet, fossil and comparative data shows that it was considerably more like living apes than it was like modern humans.

Which prehistoric species is related to current humans the most closely?

Our nearest extinct human ancestors were the Neanderthals and the Denisovans, a group of people from Asia. According to scientific evidence, our two species descended from a single common ancestor. According to recent study, all fossil and genomic evidence suggests that the split between the Neanderthal and modern human lineages occurred no more than 500,000 years ago.

Are apes and hominids closely related?

All extant humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutans, or their extinct relatives are members of the Hominidae family of creatures. Scientists generally agree that among the living animals in this group, people were most closely related from chimpanzees based on morphological and Genomic comparisons.

To know more about fossil visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29138842

#SPJ1

Can changes in the food web of an ecosystem affect humans as well as the organisms within the food web? NEED HELP FAST ASAP!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Yes it can affect humans and organisms within the food web.

Explanation:

Every animal has a role in our ecosystem, if something were to change it we would be distrupting the way the food web chain works.

What type of stem cells are found in small numbers in mature organs and tissues throughout a person's life

Answers

The type of stem cells that are found in small numbers in mature organs and tissues throughout a person's life are known as adult or somatic stem cells.

Somatic stem cells are any cells in the body that are not involved in the production of eggs or sperm. In adults, stem cells or somatic cells make up the majority of the body's cells and can include a wide variety of cell types, such as skin cells, muscle cells, bone cells, and nerve cells. Each somatic cell contains a full set of chromosomes, which carry the genetic information that determines an individual's traits and characteristics. These cells have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types within their tissue of origin and are responsible for tissue maintenance and repair. They perform a wide range of functions within the body, such as providing structural support, carrying out metabolic processes, and transmitting nerve impulses.

To learn more about stem cells, visit here:
" stem cells are found in small numbers in mature organs"   https://brainly.com/question/30420370

#SPJ11

What must scientists assume when using scientific laws to make
predictions?

Answers

Scientists must assume that scientific laws are accurate, applicable, and based on reliable data for making predictions.

When using scientific laws to make predictions, scientists must assume certain foundational principles. Firstly, they assume that the scientific laws are accurate representations of natural phenomena and that they apply universally under the given conditions. Scientists also assume that the conditions and variables influencing the system remain constant, allowing for reliable predictions. Furthermore, they assume that the laws are based on sufficient and representative data, and that there are no unaccounted factors or biases that could significantly affect the predictions. Scientists also assume that the laws will continue to hold true in the future, allowing for the extrapolation of predictions beyond observed data. However, it is important for scientists to continuously evaluate and refine their assumptions as new evidence and knowledge emerge, promoting the progress and refinement of scientific understanding.

For more such questions on Scientific laws:

https://brainly.com/question/20279776

#SPJ8

Choose all the answers that apply.

Models are used to observe phenomena which _____.

happen too slowly
are too large
are too small
are too dangerous
happen too quickly

Answers

Answer:

your answer is gonna be, phenomena which are too large

Explanation:

how does adding wolves help the ecosystem

Answers

Answer:It depends on the situation

Explanation:

In north america, people hunted wolves to near extinction because they were predators, but when that happened, deer populations started going out of control. This is why adding the wolves was beneficial for that situation so that the balance of the food chain would be restored. If you add wolves to an ecosystem that they did not originate from, it will not benefit the ecosystem and instead destroy it since the native species will not know how to deal with them.

a. Tendrils encircle or coil around the object in contact with it. Justify.​

Answers

Answer:

Tendrils encircle or coil around the object in contact by the property known as thigmotropism. When a tendril comes in contact with the support, here the support acts as stimulus which triggers the growth of cells that are situated on opposite side of the support of tendril.

the blood brain barrier is the protective mechanism that helps

Answers

The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism in the body that helps maintain the stability of the brain's internal environment. It is a specialized structure formed by a layer of endothelial cells that line the blood vessels in the brain.

The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly selective barrier, allowing only certain substances to pass from the bloodstream into the brain tissue while blocking the entry of harmful substances, toxins, and pathogens.

It tightly regulates the transport of nutrients, ions, and other molecules necessary for brain function while preventing the passage of potentially damaging substances.

This selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier helps protect the brain from fluctuations in the levels of various substances in the bloodstream and maintains a stable and optimal environment for proper brain function.

To know more about blood-brain barrier, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/30402709#

#SPJ11

What is a substance?

Answers

Answer:

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists and which has a tangible, solid presence.

Explanation:

a substance is usually a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.

Both mixtures and compounds are made of two or more different substances mixed together. So
which of the following is an accurate statement about the difference between the two?

a- generally speaking compounds are easier to separate than mixtures
b- compounds are mixed physically but not chemically
c- a mixture is two or more substances mixed physically but not chemically
d- mixtures are pure substances while compounds are not

Answers

Answer:

c- a mixture is two or more substances mixed physically but not chemically

Explanation:

In chemistry, a mixture and a compound is made up of two or more different substances that combines together, however, the difference between the two is in the way the combination occurs. Compounds are pure substances formed as a result of the chemical combination of two or more elements. The atoms of the elements in a compound are chemically bonded together in such a way that they cannot be separated.

On the other hand, mixtures are substances composed of two or more substances of different properties that are combined physically i.e. there is no chemical bonding between them, hence, components of a mixture can easily be separated using physical methods like boiling, melting, etc dependent on the individual properties of the components.

Which of the following describes an example of molecular movement across a membrane through active transport? (1 point)
a. Diffusion of oxygen
b. Facilitated diffusion of glucose
c. Passive diffusion of water
d. Active transport of sodium ions

Answers

The correct option is (d). Active transport of sodium ions is an example of molecular movement across a membrane through active transport.

Active transport of sodium ions is an example of molecular movement across a membrane through active transport. What is active transport? Active transport refers to the movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration with the aid of an energy supply. It is responsible for transporting molecules into the cell against their concentration gradient and requires energy to do so. Active transport may be used to move different molecules across a membrane, including ions, nutrients, and proteins. Active transport mechanisms, on the other hand, require metabolic energy to function.What is the significance of a membrane?

The cell membrane protects the contents of a cell from the outside world. A thin, protective barrier that surrounds the cell is known as a membrane. It's constructed of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol, and it's responsible for a variety of cellular processes, including diffusion. Diffusion can be defined as the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. It is one of the most basic mechanisms that drives movement across the cell membrane and is used by a variety of molecules. Diffusion occurs passively and does not require the input of energy from the cell.In conclusion, the correct option that describes an example of molecular movement across a membrane through active transport is option d: Active transport of sodium ions.

To know more about concentration gradient visit: https://brainly.com/question/30206977

#SPJ11

4. Koalas are herbivores that eat leaves from
eucalyptus trees. Before a joey (a baby koala) can
begin to eat leaves, the baby must ingest "pap," a
paste of partially digested leaves from the mother's
intestines. Why do you think this must happen
before the joey can digest the leaves?

Answers

Answer:

sorry i dont knwo

Joey of Koalas feed on their mother's milk before they can ingest pap.

Who are Koalas?

Koalas are arboreal marsupials native to Australia. They are one of the mammals who give birth to the young ones who remain in their mother's lower belly.

What is pap?

It is a special substance produces by their mother that look like droppings and acts like probiotics.

To know more about Koalas here

https://brainly.com/question/7627147

#SPJ2

Uide Questions:
1. Based on the Punnett square, how many of the offspring may be
short-haired offspring? Long-haired?
2. Will there be a pure breed (homozygous)short haired offspring in the
cross? Justify your answer.

Answers

1. Based on the Punnett square, the number of short-haired offspring and long-haired offspring can be determined by counting the respective combinations of alleles.

2. There is a possibility of pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring in the cross if both parent organisms contribute the short-haired allele.

1. Based on the Punnett square, we can determine the potential number of short-haired and long-haired offspring. Let's assume that "S" represents the dominant allele for short hair and "s" represents the recessive allele for long hair. If both parents are heterozygous (Ss), the Punnett square would look like this:

S        s

S SS Ss

s Ss ss

From the Punnett square, we can see that there are three possible genotypes: SS, Ss, and ss. The SS and Ss genotypes correspond to short-haired offspring, while the ss genotype corresponds to long-haired offspring.

Therefore, based on the Punnett square, 75% of the offspring (3 out of 4) may be short-haired, while 25% of the offspring (1 out of 4) may be long-haired.

2. There will not be a pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring in this cross. A pure breed (homozygous) short-haired offspring would have the genotype SS. However, in the given cross, both parents are heterozygous (Ss). This means that each parent carries one copy of the dominant allele (S) and one copy of the recessive allele (s).

When the parents are crossed, the possible genotypes of the offspring are SS, Ss, and ss. As we can see from the Punnett square, the genotype SS is not possible as there is no parent that contributes the recessive allele (s) to create a homozygous short-haired offspring.

Therefore, all the short-haired offspring in this cross will be heterozygous (Ss), carrying one copy of the dominant allele (S) and one copy of the recessive allele (s).

For more such answers on Punnett square

https://brainly.com/question/3522181

#SPJ8

which organ of the body did the film use as an example of how evolutionary processes can work over time to modify an existing trait to have a different appearance and/or function?

Answers

The film used the lungs as an example of how evolutionary processes can work over time to modify an existing trait to have a different appearance and/or function.

What is evolution?

The process by which different types of living organisms have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth is known as evolution. Evolution is the gradual process of change that occurs over time, resulting in the diversity of living things on the planet. Through genetic variations that arise naturally, evolution occurs.

How does the lung demonstrate the evolutionary process?

As we know, the lung is a respiratory organ in many animals. The structure and function of lungs vary widely among different animals due to the evolution of lungs. The lungs of mammals are complex structures that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, while the lungs of birds are even more efficient. Because the birds require a lot of energy, they have adapted to have an even more efficient respiratory system.

As a result, it is a good example of how evolutionary processes can work over time to modify an existing trait to have a different appearance and/or function.

To know more about "evolution" refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/13492988#

#SPJ11

pasteurization is not required for which type of egg or egg product​

pasteurization is not required for which type of egg or egg product

Answers

Answer:

whole eggs

Explanation:

i think its whole eggs but there is a guideline that says all egg products must be pasteurized

Which of the following statements about deamination is true? Deamination of cytosine causes a transversion mutation. Deamination of cytosine results in uracil. Deamination of cytosine results in thymine. Deamination of thymine results in uracil.

Answers

The true statement regarding deamination is that deamination of cytosine results in uracil, option B is correct.

Deamination is a chemical process that involves the removal of an amino group \((-NH_2)\) from a nucleotide base. In the case of cytosine, deamination results in the conversion of cytosine to uracil. This process occurs spontaneously and can lead to mutations in DNA. When uracil is present in DNA, it is recognized as an error during DNA replication or repair.

The normal complementary base for uracil in DNA is adenine, so during replication or repair, uracil is typically replaced with adenine. If not corrected, the presence of uracil in DNA can lead to genetic instability and potentially harmful mutations. Therefore, deamination of cytosine to uracil is an important process in DNA damage and repair mechanisms, option B is correct.

To learn more about deamination follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/12323491

#SPJ4

The complete question is:

Which of the following statements about deamination is true?

A. Deamination of cytosine causes a transversion mutation

B. Deamination of cytosine results in uracil

C. Deamination of cytosine results in thymine

D. Deamination of thymine results in uracil.

5. Do you think it's good for tourists to swim with whale sharks? Why or why not? National Geographic

Answers

Probably not it might make them anxious or something

Which word indicates a condition of inflammation of a pouch in the intestine?

Answers

The word that indicates a condition of inflammation of a pouch in the intestine is "diverticulitis".

What is Diverticulitis?
The word that indicates a condition of inflammation of a pouch in the intestine is "diverticulitis." Diverticulitis involves the inflammation and infection of small pouches (diverticula) that can form in the intestinal wall. Diagnosis of diverticulitis is typically made through a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and imaging tests, and treatment may include antibiotics and changes in diet to reduce inflammation. It typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as CT scans. Treatment options may include antibiotics, pain relievers, dietary changes, and in more severe cases, surgery.

To know more about Diverticulitis, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31118014

#SPJ11

If a cell has 24 pairs of chromosomes in its diploid state, how many
chromosomes will it have after Meiosis 2?
A. 12
B. 24
C.48
D. 6

Answers

Answer:

option A is correct that is 12

Explanation:

meiosis occur in two phases in first phase DNA replication occur and amount of DNA become doubled without any change in the chromosome number and two daughter cell (each 2 n)are formed.

now in stage 2 each daughter cell undergoes mitosis with the formation of two cells with half chromosomes(n)

now 2n=24

n=24/2 =12

after meiosis stage 1...........two daughter cell each with  24 chromosomes

stage 2 .............each daughter cell form two grand daughter cell each with 12 chromosomes

net result.......4 daughter cell each with 12  chromosome(assuming cell as a diploid cell)

If a cell has 24 chromosomes before cell division then the daughter cell resulting from the mitotic division will have 24 chromosomes while the daughter cell resulting from the meiotic division will contain 12 chromosomes each.

The answer is option A.

What are meiotic and mitotic cell divisions?

There are sorts of cell departments: mitosis and meiosis. most of the time whilst humans discuss “cellular division,” they suggest mitosis, the procedure of making new frame cells. Meiosis is the sort of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is an essential technique for lifestyles.

Learn more about mitosis and meiosis here: https://brainly.com/question/11842063

#SPJ2

what veins return deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the heart

Answers

The Venae Cavae

These veins return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart, emptying it into the right atrium.

Ethyl alcohol is formed in aerobic respiration .

True or false ​

Answers

Answer:

Mark me brainliest (⌒▽⌒)(⌒▽⌒)

Explanation:

In the alcoholic fermentation, (by yeast, a unicellular fungi) incomplete oxidation of glucose is achieved under anaerobic condition by a set of reactions where the pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the vice president's role in the Senate?
In recent years, vice presidents have been less active in the Senate.
Most modern vice presidents have voted hundreds of times in the Senate.
Vice presidents will often get involved in debates being held in the Senate.
The vice president may cast a vote in the Senate whenever they chose.

Answers

Answer:

answer ...In Recent year, vice presidempnt have been less active in the Senate

Explanation:

hope It will help

Read the article “invasive butterfly damages citrus trees, has reached Florida” and write an 8 sentence summary (the article it’s not long) I need help pls

Answers

The summary of the article can be found below.

Summary: invasive butterfly damages citrus trees, has reached Florida

The citrus industry in Florida is facing a new threat from an invasive butterfly species called the Asian citrus psyllid. This insect is known to transmit a deadly citrus disease called "huanglongbing" or citrus greening.

The psyllid feeds on citrus trees and injects the bacteria that causes citrus greening. The disease causes the fruit to be bitter and misshapen, eventually killing the tree. Citrus greening has already caused significant damage to the citrus industry in Asia, Africa, and Brazil, and has been present in Florida since 2005.

However, the recent detection of the invasive butterfly, which feeds on citrus trees and damages the fruit, has raised concerns about the potential for the disease to spread even more rapidly. The butterfly, which is native to Southeast Asia, has already caused significant damage to citrus trees in California, and experts are warning that it could have a similar impact in Florida if not controlled.

Researchers are working to develop new strategies to combat the spread of both the butterfly and the disease, including the use of biological control methods and the development of resistant citrus varieties. However, the scale of the challenge facing the industry is significant, and there are concerns that the long-term impact on Florida's citrus industry could be severe.

More on invasive butterflies can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/13787972

#SPJ1

Are Eukaryotic cells the most sophisticated cell?

Answers

Answer:

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotes, and the DNA is linear and found within a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells boast their own personal "power plants", called mitochondria.

Explanation:

Other Questions
Greg practiced playing his clarinet for 12 minutes. He has practiced 40% of the amount of time he needs to practice for today. How many more minutes does Greg need to practice today? * Kripa ___ ( memorize )the lesson and going to tell for 5 minutes (use correct form of verb) Describe the importance of extinction events to geologists. Help me please. I don't get it Overgeneralizing others in an unfairly negative light on the basis of a single negative trait or experience is known as the:________ Analyze reread lines 110-119 and identify the allusion or reference to a well-known work that Mrs. White makes. What does the allusion suggest about Mrs. White's view of the paw? For x = 4, evaluate the expression 2x + 8.2416320 PLEASE HELP. URGENTTT. X+9>15. SOLVE FOR THE INEQUALITY AND GRAPH THE SOLUSION anybody know how to code?Use an algorithm to help the Python Turtle get to the finish line in 10 steps by using only the 3 commands below: - Turn Left- Turn Right- Move #Answer:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. which term refers to the liquid that forms when rainwater or groundwater mixes with decomposing waste at the dump? He was a Portuguese explorer who, in 1498, became the first European to land on the Indian coast? PLS HELP!!! i cant figure out this problem!!! if 60% of a number is 120 and 25% of the same number is 50 find 85% of that numberPLEASE HELP! CORRECT= BRAINLIEST Show your work to get full credit. Solve the following problem with any method you want. 1.5 x 0.32 6. Asparagine and Methionine are what type of molecule? A survey of 100 high school students provided thisfrequency table on how students get to school:Drive to Take theGradeWalkSchool busSophomore 2253Junior132022555SeniorWhat is the probability that a randomly selected studentis a junior who takes the bus??P(Junior' n Take the bus) Read the excerpt from act 1 of A Dolls House.Mrs. Linde: Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds.Nora: [smiling] Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, butMrs. Linde: ButNora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money.Mrs. Linde: You? All that large sum?Nora: Two hundred and fifty pounds. What do you think of that?Mrs. Linde: But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? Did you win a prize in the Lottery?Nora: [contemptuously] In the Lottery? There would have been no credit in that.Mrs. Linde: But where did you get it from, then?Nora: [humming and smiling with an air of mystery]. Hm, hm! Aha!Mrs. Linde: Because you couldn't have borrowed it.Nora: Couldn't I? Why not?Mrs. Linde: No, a wife cannot borrow without her husband's consent.Nora: [tossing her head] Oh, if it is a wife who has any head for businessa wife who has the wit to be a little bit cleverHow does this excerpt best develop the theme that society places limits on the roles of women?As a woman, Nora is supposed to do whatever it takes to save her husband, but she cannot act alone.As a woman, Nora cannot borrow money, but she does so behind her husbands back in order to save him.As a woman, Nora cannot discuss money with men, so she does not reveal her actions to her husband.As a woman, Nora is supposed to be flawless, so she must hide from her husband any mistake she makes. a = Suppose that a duck is swimming in the circle x = cos(8t), y = sin(8t) and that the water temperature is given by the formula dT T = 2x2 e) 3xy*. Find , the rate of change in temperature the duck might feel. dt (Use symbolic notation and fractions where needed.) Word of caution: this problem is lengthy because of the number of terms. Be careful when entering your answer. dT = dt International Export TradeA foreign export is a commodity produced in the state of Washington that is sold to a foreign country. Washington's major exports include sawlogs, lumber, wood products, wheat, barley, apples and other fruits, seafood, potatoes and other commercial vegetables, Boeing aircraft, computer software, video games, electronic devices, measuring instruments, medical instruments, trucks, and many other consumer goods. Washington's major export trading partners are Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, India, Egypt, Ireland, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and others.International Import TradeAny commodity sold in Washington that was produced in another country is a foreign import. Washington's major foreign imports are crude petroleum, paper, newsprint, airplane parts, motor vehicles, electronic equipment, consumer products, footwear, natural gas, manufactured goods, tropical foods, fruits, televisions, communication devices, and more. Major trading partners for Washington imports were Canada, China, Japan, Hong Kong, European Union, and the Philippines among others.How does the international export trade compare to the international import trade?Sawlogs are a major import to Washington, while newsprint is a major export. Major exports are lumber and farm goods; major imports are oil and paper products.Canada mostly imports from Washington, while China mostly exports to Washington.Many African nations export goods to Washington and import from Washington. What is the value of (sine 30 + cos 30 ) - (sin 60 + cos 60 )