The astounding specificity of adaptive immune responses is due to lymphocytes.
We'll see that each lymphocyte is determined to respond to a certain antigen, and that a lymphocyte's initial response to an antigen ensures that a subsequent contact with the same antigen will result in a more quick and effective response. We discuss how lymphocytes avoid reacting to self antigens and constantly move between the blood and lymphoid organs, ensuring that a lymphocyte will locate its particular foreign antigen regardless of how the antigen enters the body.
Lymphocytes Are Necessary for Adaptive Immunity.
The immune system has a cell mass similar to that of the liver or brain due to the approximately 2 1012 lymphocytes that make up the human body.
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Provide examples of biotic and abiotic factors that affect an organism's range.
Answer:
water air soil sunlight and minerals
Explanation:
The biodiversity and distribution of organisms within an ecosystem is due to both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors.
When proteins are denatured, which type of bond is not disturbed?.
What does this image show a picture of?
Answer:
it is B
Explanation:
You are learning about mimicry in entomology. Which microcope would be bet to look at the wing of two different butterflie to determine which i a Monarch Butterfly and which i a Viceroy Butterfly?
compound microcope
diection microcope
canning electron microcope
tranmiion electron microcope
A scanning electron microscope would be the best choice to look at the wings of two different butterflies and determine which one is a Monarch Butterfly and which one is a Viceroy Butterfly.
An electron microscope called a scanning electron microscope (SEM) scans a sample's surface with a concentrated stream of electrons to create pictures of the material. As the electrons contact with the sample's atoms, different signals emerge that provide details about the sample's surface topography and composition.
A raster scan pattern is used to scan the electron beam, and a picture is created by combining the detected signal's strength with the beam's position. Using a secondary electron detector, the most popular SEM mode detects secondary electrons released by atoms stimulated by the electron beam (Everhart–Thornley detector).
The specimen topography affects, among other things, the quantity of secondary electrons that may be detected and, consequently, the signal intensity.
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Which of the following expresses -7 as m/n in simple form ?
Answer:
A (-7)/(1)
Explanation:
(-7)/(-1) would be a positive 7.
7/1 would be a positive 7.
(-7)/(0) would be 0.
two examples of compounds and compare their properties
Answer:
limestone and salt
Explanation:
we can break limestone into smaller pieces.Each tiny particles are made of molecule . But we regard forth one before broken as compound
Water, carbon dioxide and table salt are the examples of compounds. The each compound has a certain set of characteristics.
What are compounds?Compounds are defined as a substance created by fusing two or more chemical components together.
It can also be defined as something made up of similar molecules with atoms from two or more different chemical components.
A chemical compound is defined as a substance made of numerous similar molecules joined by chemical bonds and comprising atoms from various chemical elements.
Pure substances known as compounds are made up of atoms from two or more distinct elements.
There are three types of compounds.
Ionic compoundCovalent compoundOrganic compoundThus, Water, carbon dioxide and table salt are the examples of compounds. The each compound has a certain set of characteristics.
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9. Why don't the seasons change in the Carribean?
Answer:
because it is near the equater so it is in a warmer climate
Explanation:
Describe the relationship between states of acidity and alkalinity and potassium in the body
The relationship between acidity, alkalinity, and potassium in the body is vital for maintaining proper pH levels, which is essential for optimal physiological functioning.
The relationship between states of acidity and alkalinity and potassium in the body is essential for maintaining proper physiological functions. Acidity and alkalinity are measured on the pH scale, where a lower pH indicates acidic conditions and a higher pH indicates alkaline conditions. The body's optimal pH range is slightly alkaline, around 7.35 to 7.45. Potassium is an important electrolyte that plays a crucial role in regulating the body's acid-base balance. It does this by working in concert with other electrolytes, such as sodium and bicarbonate, to maintain the appropriate pH levels in blood and tissues. An imbalance in potassium levels can lead to either acidosis (excess acidity) or alkalosis (excess alkalinity), both of which can have adverse effects on the body's overall health.
In summary, the relationship between acidity, alkalinity, and potassium in the body is vital for maintaining proper pH levels, which is essential for optimal physiological functioning.
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Which statement best describes acceleration?
Answer: Which statement best describes acceleration? Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object.
Explanation:
3. A population of frogs is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for leg length. There are 75 frogs that have long legs out of a total of 100
frogs. What is the value of q? .25
.5
.2
.1
The value of q in the given population of frogs is 0.5.
In the context of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of an allele (q) can be determined by taking the square root of the proportion of individuals exhibiting the corresponding phenotype. In this case, there are 75 frogs with long legs out of a total of 100 frogs. Thus, the proportion of frogs with the long leg phenotype is 75/100 or 0.75.
To find q, we take the square root of 0.75, which gives us 0.866. However, q represents the frequency of the recessive allele, and in this case, the long legs are likely determined by a dominant allele. Therefore, to calculate q, we subtract the frequency of the dominant allele (p) from 1. Since p + q = 1, and we know p = 1 - q, we can substitute p in the equation to find q. Solving the equation gives us q = 1 - p = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5.
Hence, the value of q in this population of frogs is 0.5, indicating that the frequency of the recessive allele for short legs is 0.5 or 50%.
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1) Inaddition to water, mention the other three essential factors for seed germination.
2) What is the function of water in seed germination?
3) Some seeds do not germinate even though you have obtained the essential factors mentioned above. What is the condition called?
* Give two reasons for the situation you mentioned above.
Answer:
2 number answer goes like
During the beginning stage of the germination, the seeds take up water rapidly and this results in swelling and softening of the seed coat at an optimum temperature. This stage is referred to as an Imbibition. It starts the growth process by activation of enzymes. The seed activates its internal physiology and starts to respire and produce proteins and metabolizes the stored food. This is a lag phase of the seed germination.
By rupturing of the seed coat, radicle emerges to form a primary root. The seed starts absorbing underground water. After the emerging of the radicle and the plumule, shoot starts growing upwards.
Answer:
1) suitable temperature, air and oxygen
2) water soften the testa to enable both the plumule and radicle to emerge and it also allows diffusion of gases
3) Based on my opinion .... There is no water absent (dry cotton wool that used for germination), water is required for germination and the seed was kept in a refrigerator, thus low temperature is not suitable for germination.
Hope this helps
Based on the information in this passage, which of the following is a reasonable conclusion?
A- Scientists will never change the classification system again.
B- Scientists know everything there is to know about all organisms.
C-Scientists have never changed the classification system.
D-New scientific discoveries could change the current classification system.
(Science Question btw)
Answer:
the answer is A
Explanation:
Because there is no passage which I guessed
Which of the following describes the trend in the female elephant population from 1970 to 1995 ?
1.The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks increased.
2.The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks decreased
3.The overall population increased and then decreased and the proportion without tusks increased
4.The overall population increased and the proportion without tusks decreased
Answer:
1 is the correct answer :)
PLEASE HELP ME ;0;
A filmmaker wants to depict a realistic dramatization of a scientist making and communicating an important scientific discovery. Which plot description would best depict the methods of discovery and communication that a modern professional scientist uses?
A: The scientist collaborates with others to plan and carry out an experiment and then writes a paper that has a clear conclusion. He submits it to a professional journal for peer review, after which the results are presented publicly.
B: The scientist works with a few other scientists in a secret lab that is sponsored by a large business corporation. When the scientists have results, they contact others in the scientific community to report their results.
C: The scientist works alone in a lab until he makes a dramatic breakthrough and then immediately announces the results through a worldwide press conference.
D: The scientist seeks input and data from a wide range of people of different scientific backgrounds and then publishes all the data and results on the Internet so that all the collaborators can apply it to their individual research.
Answer:
Answer is uhhhhhhhhh
Explanation:
A??
The scientist collaborates with others to plan and carry out an experiment and then writes a paper that has a clear conclusion. He submits it to a professional journal for peer review, after which the results are presented publicly.
Answer:
ig A
Explanation:
Mendel always got close to a 9:3:3:1 ratio for phenotypes in the F2 generation of any dihybrid cross. If false, make it a correct statement
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It is true that Mendel always got close to a 9:3:3:1 ratio for phenotypes in the F2 generation of any dihybrid cross. This validates his law of independent assortment of genes.
The 9:3:3:1 is usually gotten from any dihybrid cross of F2 generation. The results given are always 9 offsprings containing dominant traits, 3 offsprings each which possess a dominant and recessive trait and 1 offspring with a recessive trait.
your muscles contract using contractile proteins to produce movement. TRUE/FALSE
The given statement "Muscles will contract using the contractile proteins to produce a movement" will be true. Because, of the inherent mechanism of muscle tissue and the interaction between actin and myosin proteins.
Sliding Filament Theory: Sliding Filament Theory states that during muscle contraction, the actin filaments slide past the myosin filaments, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomeres (basic contractile units of muscle fibers). This sliding of filaments is made possible by the interaction between actin and myosin proteins.
Actin and Myosin Interaction: Actin and myosin are two key contractile proteins involved in muscle contraction. Actin forms thin filaments, while myosin forms thick filaments. When a muscle is stimulated, myosin heads attach to binding sites on the actin filaments, forming cross-bridges. The myosin heads then undergo a conformational change, pulling the actin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere.
ATP as an Energy Source: Muscle contraction requires energy. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy source for muscle contraction. ATP is necessary for the detachment of myosin heads from actin, enabling the myosin heads to bind to actin again and continue the sliding process. The breakdown of ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate provides the energy required for these steps.
Coordination for Controlled Movement: The coordinated contraction of multiple muscle fibers within a muscle allows for controlled movement. By adjusting the recruitment of motor units (a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates), the body can regulate the force and speed of muscle contractions, enabling precise movements.
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What information does relative dating provide to paleontologists?
Answer: Age related info
Explanation: It gives idea about the age of fossils and through this one can compare two fossils existense at same time and give their relation
Explain why every cell that is produced from the genetically modified bacterium
will be able to produce insulin.
Answer:
Recombinant DNA is technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium. This “recombinant” micro-organism could now produce the protein encoded by the human gene. Scientists build the human insulin gene in the laboratory. Then they remove a loop of bacterial DNA known as a plasmid and insert the human insulin gene into the plasmid. Researchers return the plasmid to the bacteria and put the “recombinant” bacteria in large fermentation tanks. There, the recombinant bacteria use the gene to begin producing human insulin. Scientists harvest the insulin from the bacteria and purify the substance for use as a medicine for people.
Explanation:
Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph? a) Rose b) Pine tree c) Deep-sea tubeworm d) None of these
Since the given organisms prepare their own food, hence none of the organisms mentioned are heterotrophs. Thus, the correct answer is Option D.
Heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other species (plants and animals) for food since they are unable to prepare it for themselves. They are dependent on these producers for food, either directly or indirectly.
The rose and the pine tree, two of the choices given, are both autotrophs since plants can make their own food through photosynthesis. On the other hand, the deep-sea tubeworm is a chemoautotroph, meaning it gets its energy from inorganic substances in its surroundings.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option D.
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Record details about what you observe…what do they look like?:
What is a biogeochemical cycle?
a process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
a process that converts light energy into chemical energy
a process by which water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants
a process that recycles elements and other matter through the biosphere
Answer:
D.a process that recycles elements and other matter through the biosphere
Explanation:
To delve more deeply into ideation as a practice, the text introduced the Six Thinking Hats method, where the White Hat ________.
The White Hat in the Six Thinking Hats method represents a focus on facts, data, and information.
The Six Thinking Hats method, developed by Edward de Bono, is a technique for facilitating productive thinking and decision-making. Each "hat" represents a different perspective or thinking style. The White Hat symbolizes an analytical and objective approach, where participants focus on gathering facts, data, and information relevant to the problem or decision at hand. It encourages logical thinking, examining available evidence, and considering what is known or can be learned about the topic. The White Hat helps to ensure a well-informed and evidence-based exploration of ideas and solutions.
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In your lab, heat was created by adding the vinegar to the steel wool. Where did this energy come from? Where was it before the reaction took place?
Answer:
energy is in everything. think of a piece of wood when burnt.how does it stay burning? it just needs something to release the energy as in heat (like vinegar and steel wool)
Explanation:
i wouldnt take my word for it for a test answer but if it's a general question then this is how it's explained
You have touched a hot stove. Your nervous system is sensing this heat. Which root of the spinal cord is receiving this information?
A. Dorsal
B. Lateral
C. Ventral
The root of the spinal cord that is receiving this information is A. Dorsal as this root of the spinal cord contains sensory nerves.
When you touch a hot stove, the sensory information regarding heat is detected by specialized nerve endings called thermoreceptors in your skin. These thermoreceptors send signals through sensory neurons to the spinal cord for further processing and transmission to the brain.
In the spinal cord, the sensory neurons carrying the heat information enter through the dorsal root. The dorsal root is located on the backside of the spinal cord and contains sensory nerve fibers, also known as afferent fibers.
These fibers transmit sensory information from the periphery, such as touch, temperature, and pain, to the central nervous system.
Once the sensory information reaches the dorsal root, it is relayed to specific regions in the spinal cord and then transmitted to higher brain centers for further interpretation and response.
This process allows your nervous system to quickly detect and respond to potentially harmful stimuli, such as the heat from a hot stove, to initiate appropriate protective actions like pulling your hand away to avoid injury.
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The article explains that the plant tissue works like a one-way straw. Explain what this comparison means
Answer:
in all plants roots act like straws to absorb salts and mineral salts from the soil and this is why they work like one way strawsWhich statement explains why oxygen molecules easily diffuse across a cell
membrane while DNA molecules do not?
A. Oxygen molecules are more useful to a cell than are DNA
molecules.
O B. DNA molecules contain carbon atoms, while oxygen molecules
have only oxygen atoms.
C. Oxygen molecules are very small, while DNA molecules are very
large.
D. DNA molecules have phosphate groups that the cell membrane
repels.
Answer:
C.
Oxygen molecules are very small, while DNA molecules are very large.
a crow vending machine is associated with what type of learning
Sorry you've waited so long for an answer! I belive the type of learning associated with a crow vending machine is trial and error! So sorry once again!
Pacemakers maintain the heartbeat in people who suffer from certain defects. The function of an artificial pacemaker is to send electrical impulses that will contract the heart muscles and regulate the pumping of the heart. Which condition could be corrected by a pacemaker?
slow heart rhythm (bradycardia)
Explanation:
when a persons heart beat is not normal is typically let's say 60-100 beats per minute that means the blood is not pumped properly throughout the body. so the pacemaker works as an heart machine to keep your heart beating.
Many nutrient cycles are coupled and changes in one cycle will affect another. This means that a change in the amount of carbon dioxide fixed is intimately affected by the amount of __________.
Since many nutrient cycles are interconnected, modifications to one cycle will have an impact on another. This implies that the quantity of nitrogen present in an ecosystem has a direct impact on changes in the amount of carbon dioxide fixed.
The movement of substance and energy between living things and the ecosystem's non-living components happens through a mechanism called the nutrient cycle. This happens because once plants and animals ingest nutrients from the soil, they die and decompose, releasing those nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Various Nutrient Cycles
Carbon cycle: It's believed that all living things are mostly composed of carbon.The nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is necessary for life.The oxygen cycle: Oxygen is a necessary component of every living function.Water cycle or the hydrologic cycle:To learn more about ecosystem click here,
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Indigestible residues along with some of the non-reabsorbed secretions of digestive organs, undergo ____________ where the fluids are removed and a remaining solid is created.
The digestive system is involved in the breakdown of molecules to yield energy. As food passes along the digestive gut, it undergoes various processes in its breakdown.
Indigestible residues along with some of the non-reabsorbed secretions of digestive organs, undergo Compaction where the fluids are removed and a remaining solid is created.
Compaction during digestion occurs in the large intestines. This occurs wherein water is removed from the indigestible residues and reabsorbed enabling the compacting of these waste materials. Afterwards, a solid-waste material is produced.Learn more about the digestive system: https://brainly.com/question/14325297