be sure to answer all parts. a 3h nucleus decays with an energy of 0.01848 mev. convert this energy into (a) electron volts; (b) joules. enter your answers in scientific notation. × 10 ev × 10 j

The change in enthalpy of the reaction is - 2225.97 kJ

To calculate ΔH of the reaction, C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) à 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Arrange the given reaction steps in such a way that the Reactants and the Products are on the exact same side as in the main reaction.

The first step has C3H8 on the product side, so reverse the entire reaction

C3H8(g) à 3C(s) + 4H2(g)

When the reaction is reversed so should the sign of ΔH.

So the new ΔH1 = + 103.85 kJ

The second and the third steps have Reactants and products aligned exactly the way it is in the main reaction, so no changes in the ΔH values are required for those.

The summation of the steps would be

C3H8(g) + 3C(s) + 3O2(g) + 4H2(g) + 2O2(g) à 3C(s) + 4H2(g) + 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

The reactants and products which are underlined will get canceled from both sides.

Hence, the net reaction is weith enthalpy

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) à 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Mathematically,

ΔHreaction = ΔH1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3

                  = + 103.85 kJ + (–1186.5 kJ) + (–1143.32 kJ)

            = - 2225.97 kJ

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The positively charged center in an atom is called as Nucleus. It is made up of positively charged protons and neutral sub-atomic particle called as neutrons.

What is meant by protons ?

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Answer:

18.5 years

Explanation:

(6 x 10^23)/(10^15 x 1.03 x 3600 x 24 x 365)

Hope this helps!

Answer:

1. Moles of oxygen required to react with 5 moles of C₈H₁₈ = = 62.5 moles of oxygen

2. Mass of oxygen required = 2000 g of oxygen

3. Moles of CO₂ that will be produced = 40 moles of CO₂

4. Mass of CO₂ that will be produced = 1760 g of CO₂

5. Moles of H₂O that will be produced = 45 moles of H₂O

Explanation:

Balanced equation of the reaction : 2 C₈H₁₈ + 25 O₂ ---> 16 CO₂ + 18 H₂O

1. Mole ratio of Oxygen and C₈H₁₈ = 25 : 2

Moles of oxygen required to react with 5 moles of C₈H₁₈ = 5 × 25/2 moles

Moles of oxygen required to react with 5 moles of C₈H₁₈ = = 62.5 moles of oxygen

2. Mass of oxygen required = number of moles of oxygen × molar mass of oxygen

Molar mass of oxygen = 32.0 g/mol

Mass of oxygen required = 62.5 moles × 32.0 g/mol

Mass of oxygen required = 2000 g of oxygen

3. Mole ratio of CO₂ and C₈H₁₈ = 16 : 2

Moles of CO₂ that will be produced = 5 × 16/2 moles

Moles of CO₂ that will be produced = 40 moles of CO₂

4. Mass of CO₂ that will be produced = number of moles of CO₂ × molar mass of CO₂

Molar mass of CO₂ = 44.0 g/mol

Mass of CO₂ that will be produced = 40 moles × 44 g/mol

Mass of CO₂ that will be produced = 1760 g of CO₂

5. Mole ratio of H₂O and C₈H₁₈ = 18 : 2

Moles of H₂O that will be produced = 5 × 18/2 moles of H₂O

Moles of H₂O that will be produced = 45 moles of H₂O

Hydrogen bonding is distinguished from other permanent dipole interactions by the involvement of hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine).

Hydrogen bonding is a specific type of intermolecular force that occurs between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom in a different molecule or chemical group. It is stronger than other types of permanent dipole interactions because of the large electronegativity difference between hydrogen and the electronegative atom it is bonded to.

In hydrogen bonding, the hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge due to the electronegativity difference, while the electronegative atom carries a partial negative charge. This creates a strong electrostatic attraction between the positive hydrogen and the negative electronegative atom.

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for many unique properties and behaviors of substances. For example, it plays a crucial role in the high boiling points of water and ammonia, as well as the unique properties of DNA and proteins. It also contributes to the solubility of certain compounds and influences the physical and chemical properties of molecules.

The key distinction of hydrogen bonding from other permanent dipole interactions is the involvement of a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom. This specific interaction results in stronger intermolecular forces and has significant implications for the properties and behavior of substances.

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Answer: Hope it may help you

Explanation:

Diffusion can be defined as the movement of particles from a region where there a more concentration of solute to the region having less concentration of the solute.

Here, the salt particles will move from right side of the box to the left side of the box.

This is because the right side has more particle and the left side has less particles so they will move towards the left side.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The kinetic energy of the beam of electrons accelerated to a speed of 0.930c is [x] (value to be calculated).

The kinetic energy (KE) of an object can be calculated using the relativistic formula:

KE = (γ - 1) * mc^2

where γ is the Lorentz factor given by γ = 1 / √(1 - v^2/c^2), m is the rest mass of the object, c is the speed of light, and v is the velocity of the object.

In this case, the electrons are accelerated from rest, so their initial velocity (v) is 0, and the speed of light (c) is a known constant.

To find the kinetic energy, we need to calculate the Lorentz factor (γ) first. Plugging in the given velocity:

γ = 1 / √(1 - (0.930c)^2/c^2)

  = 1 / √(1 - 0.930^2)

  = 1 / √(1 - 0.8649)

  = 1 / √(0.1351)

  = 1 / 0.3677

  ≈ 2.7206

Now, we can substitute the Lorentz factor into the kinetic energy formula:

KE = (γ - 1) * mc^2

  = (2.7206 - 1) * mc^2

  = 1.7206 * mc^2

The rest mass of the electrons (m) and the speed of light (c) are constants. Therefore, we can simplify the equation to:

KE ≈ 1.7206 * mc^2

Calculating the exact numerical value requires knowing the mass of the electrons, which is approximately 9.10938356 × 10^(-31) kg. Plugging in this value and the speed of light (c), we can find the kinetic energy.

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When H2CO3 dissociates into H and HCO3- the pH of water increases to an extent but not much.

       H2CO3-->H+ + HCO3-

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All of the following are qualitative tests that are often used to identify unknown ionic compounds except titration.

Qualitative tests are conducted to determine the presence or absence of certain ions or compounds in a sample based on their characteristic reactions. Common qualitative tests include flame tests, precipitation reactions, color changes, and gas evolution tests.

Titration, on the other hand, is a quantitative technique used to determine the concentration of a specific substance in a solution by reacting it with a standardized solution of another substance. It is not typically used as a qualitative test for identifying unknown ionic compounds.

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One common test for carbon dioxide (CO2) is the limewater test. Here's how it works:

Add a small amount of limewater (a solution of calcium hydroxide in water) to a clear container.

Blow into the container, creating bubbles in the limewater.

Observe the limewater. If carbon dioxide is present, it will react with the calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate, which will make the limewater turn cloudy or milky.

This test is often used to detect the presence of carbon dioxide in the breath of a person, as well as in various chemical reactions where carbon dioxide may be produced or consumed.

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Answer:

1)  A compound is the chemical combination of two or more elements into a single substance.

An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

2) Elements have only one kind of atom.

Compound always have more than one kind of atom.

Answer:

1) An atom is the smallest possible piece of a chemical element, and a compound can be composed of two or more separate elements

2) An element is made up of only one kind of atom and a compound is made up of two or more kind of atoms

Explanation:

Answer:

3) an applied electric current

Explanation:

An electric source is used in an electrolytic cell.

The grams of ammonium sulfate that are needed to make 1.5 l of an 8 m solution is 1585.2 grams.

Generally molarity is defined as number of the moles of a solute per liters of a solution. Molarity is also commonly known as the molar concentration of a solution.

Basically molarity is mathematically defined as Molarity = Number of moles of solute per Volume of solution in litre. Basically as the number of moles of solute is measured in mol and the volume of solution will be in litre . Therefore, the unit of molarity is mol L⁻¹ .

molarity = weight/(molecular weight * V(lit))

8M = WEIGHT/(132.1g/mole*1.5)

weight in grams = 1585.2 grams is needed

1585.2 grams ammonium sulfate is needed

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Answer: The proportions of components can vary.

Explanation:

A mixture is a combination that has to do with two or more substances. Some characteristics or properties of mixtures are that the substances that are added together retain their properties.

Also, the proportion of the components can vary and the components can be separated.

Therefore, the answer to the question will be option 3 "The proportions of components can vary".

NH₃, CH₃Br, SF₄ are polar molecules and GaH₃, XeF₄, CCl₄ are non-polar molecules.

a. NH₃: Polar

NH₃, or ammonia, is a polar molecule. It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry with a central nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

The nitrogen atom also has one lone pair of electrons. The asymmetric distribution of electron density in NH₃ leads to a polar molecule with a net dipole moment.

b. CH₃Br: Polar

CH₃Br, or methyl bromide, is a polar molecule. It has a tetrahedral molecular geometry with a central carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom.

The difference in electronegativity between carbon and bromine creates a polar bond, resulting in a polar molecule.

c. GaH₃: Nonpolar

GaH₃, or gallium hydride, is a nonpolar molecule. It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry with a central gallium atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

While gallium and hydrogen have different electronegativities, the symmetrical arrangement of the molecule cancels out the dipole moments, resulting in a nonpolar molecule.

d. XeF₄: Nonpolar

XeF₄, or xenon tetrafluoride, is a nonpolar molecule. It has a square planar molecular geometry with a central xenon atom bonded to four fluorine atoms.

The symmetric arrangement of the molecule, along with the cancellation of dipole moments, leads to a nonpolar molecule.

e. CCl₄: Nonpolar

CCl₄, or carbon tetrachloride, is a nonpolar molecule. It has a tetrahedral molecular geometry with a central carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms. The symmetric arrangement of the molecule, along with the cancellation of dipole moments, results in a nonpolar molecule.

f. SF₄: Polar

SF₄, or sulfur tetrafluoride, is a polar molecule. It has a see-saw molecular geometry with a central sulfur atom bonded to four fluorine atoms. The presence of a lone pair on sulfur creates an asymmetric distribution of electron density, resulting in a polar molecule.

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The best description of a chemical bond is A: "A chemical bond holds atoms together."

A chemical bond refers to the force of attraction between two or more atoms that holds them together to form a stable chemical compound. Atoms bond together by sharing, gaining, or losing electrons, resulting in the formation of molecules or compounds.

Chemical bonds are essential for the formation of substances and play a crucial role in determining the properties and behavior of matter. They involve the interaction of valence electrons, the outermost electrons in an atom, which are responsible for chemical bonding.

In summary, option A provides the most accurate and comprehensive description of a chemical bond, emphasizing its role in holding atoms together to form stable compounds. Therefore, Option A is correct.

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Answer:

yuh

Explanation:

The correct option is C, The substance that will dissolve in water to produce an acidic solution is \(nac_2h_3o_2\), also known as sodium acetate.

An acidic solution is a type of solution in chemistry that has a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) relative to hydroxide ions (OH-). In an acidic solution, the pH level is less than 7 on a scale of 0-14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions to a solution, which can then react with other substances to form chemical bonds.

Acidic solutions have several distinct properties, including a sour taste, the ability to react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, and the ability to turn litmus paper red. Strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)), can be highly corrosive and can cause burns and other injuries if handled improperly.

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a. Two mirror images of bromochloroiodomethane are provided in the question. b. No, bromochloromethane does not have any stereoisomers because it lacks four different groups attached to the carbon center.

Explanation and Illustration of Configurational Isomerism with Bromo chloroiodo methane: Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more molecules have the same molecular formula (i.e., the same number of atoms of each element) but differ in their arrangement of atoms, leading to distinct chemical and physical properties. These molecules are called isomers.

a. Here are the two mirror images of bromochloroiodomethane (CHBrClI) as requested:

   H                H

   |                |

   C---Cl       Cl---C

  /     \       /     \

Br       I     I       Br

 \     /       \     /

  C---Br       Br---C

   |                |

   H                H

The two structures are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed by rotation.

b. No, bromochloromethane (CHBrCl) does not have any stereoisomers because it does not have four different groups attached to a tetrahedral carbon center. In bromochloromethane, two of the four groups attached to the carbon center are identical (i.e., the bromine and chlorine atoms). Therefore, it is not possible to create mirror images of bromochloromethane by interchanging any two of the outer atoms, because any such interchange would result in the same molecule.

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Four physical properties of matter are density, colour, hardness, melting and boiling points and many more.

The matter is usually composed of tiny particles known as atoms and can be represented as something that occupies space. It must represent both the mass and volume properties.

Properties are defined as the features that capable us to differentiate one material from another. A physical property is usually a characteristic of matter that does not depend on its chemical composition.

Generally a physical property is defined as an attribute of matter that is independent of its chemical composition. Some of the main examples of physical properties density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.

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The volume occupied by 0.101 mol of helium gas at a pressure of 0.91 atm and a temperature of 309 K can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation.

The volume can be determined by rearranging the ideal gas law equation, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Rearranging the equation to solve for V, we get V = (nRT)/P. Plugging in the given values, we have

V = (0.101 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))(309 K) / (0.91 atm).

By performing the calculation, the volume is found to be approximately 2.9 liters.

The calculation is based on the ideal gas law, which describes the behavior of ideal gases under certain conditions. In this case, the ideal gas law equation is used to find the volume of helium gas.

The equation relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. By rearranging the equation and plugging in the given values, we can calculate the volume.

The volume is found to be 2.9 liters, indicating the amount of space occupied by 0.101 mol of helium gas at the given pressure and temperature.

It's important to note that this calculation assumes that helium behaves as an ideal gas, meaning that it follows the ideal gas law equation accurately under the given conditions.

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Thus, the correct statement regarding the mole is option a) A mole of oxygen gas contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms.

A mole is a unit of measurement that is used to quantify the amount of a substance. It is represented by the symbol "mol" and is defined as the number of particles in a substance that is equal to the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, which is approximately 6.022 × 1023.

Among the statements given, the correct statement regarding the mole is option a) A mole of oxygen gas contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms.

A mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of particles, which is 6.022 × 1023. So, option a) is the correct statement.

The other options are incorrect because:

A mole of chlorine gas contains 2 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.204 × 1024 molecules, not 6.022 × 1023 molecules.

So, option b) is incorrect.

A mole of carbon dioxide contains one mole of carbon atoms and two moles of oxygen atoms, not two moles of oxygen atoms.

So, option c) is incorrect.

A mole of ammonia gas (NH3) has a molar mass of (1 × 14.01) + (3 × 1.01) = 17.03 g/mol, not 34.0 g.

So, option d) is incorrect.

A mole consists of Avogadro's number of particles, not a specific mass or volume. So, option e) is incorrect.

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The particles in the solution can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by passing the mixture through a filter (option b).

The particles in the solution can be separated by using different types of methods such as for example a filter that is able to separate particles depending on their size or net charge.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that particles in the solution can be separated depending on their sizes, electrical charges, etc, and for that purpose, we can use a filter of any other type of method.

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Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Thus we can see that the mass of protons and mass of neutrons are approximately equal.

Best describes a mole is it contains 6.02×10²³ particles of a given substance

Mole is the amount of substance that contain the same number of elementary entities and according to the Avogadro's law number of elementary entities in the substance is 6.02×10²³ and these elementary entities could be atoms, ions, molecules etc and we use the mole to express the amount of substances and one mole of any substance is the equal to its atomic mass and molecular mass which is expressed in gram and the number of particles present in one mole of any substance is 6.02×10²³

Therefore the statement which is correct for mole is  it contains 6.02×10²³ particles of a given substance

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Answer:

No

Explanation:

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When carbon atoms bond with hydrogen atoms, they create organic molecules. A molecule composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded together is referred to as a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons come in a variety of shapes and sizes, from the simple methane (CH4) molecule to the more complicated hexadecane (C16H34) molecule.

Carbon and hydrogen covalent bonds are nonpolar, meaning they share their electrons equally between the atoms involved. As a result, hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecules with low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar substances, such as oil and grease. These substances are the basis of life on Earth, making up the lipids that make up the cell membranes of living organisms. Hydrocarbons are a crucial element of energy production since they may be burned as fuel, releasing a large quantity of energy when doing so. However, because of the nonpolar nature of these molecules, they can also be harmful to the environment. They are a major component of fossil fuels, which are the most significant contributor to air pollution and climate change.

A hydrocarbon molecule composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms will have nonpolar covalent bonds and, as a result, will be nonpolar. They have low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents. They are a crucial component of the energy industry, but they are also hazardous to the environment.

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