bacteria in the gi tract also produce ________.
Answers
Several vitamins are processed by gut bacteria using their enzymes. Vitamin K, a key cofactor in the formation of prothrombin and other blood clotting components, is synthesised by the gut microbiota.
It is Vitamin K2, a subunit of Vitamin K, which aids in the treatment of osteoporosis and is produced by bacteria found in the colon. These substances are deconjugated by intestinal bacterial enzymes such ß-glucuronidase, sulfatase, and other glycosidases, releasing the parent substances that are easily absorbed across the gut membrane. A large number of endogenous substances, such as bilirubin, bile acids, cholesterol, estrogens, and vitamin D metabolites, are circulated through the enterohepatic system. Additionally, a lot of medications that are eliminated by the liver enter this system, including digitalis, diethylstilbestrol, morphine, colchicine, rifampin, and chloramphenicol.
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Related Questions
Bio mass requires a lot of space, is this an advantage or disadvantage?
Answers
Answer:
i think disadvantage
Explanation:
Plants and animals exchange materials through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which statement is true about the way these two processes are related? A. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration contain both carbon dioxide and nitrogen. B. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen, the products of photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis uses glucose and oxygen, the products of cellular respiration.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the process in which glucose from cell and oxygen from air or plants
is used to release energy from food. These are the products of photosynthesis carried out by plants.
What is the convection pattern between 30°S and 30°N latitude?
A : Hotter air rises and moves away from the equator, then cools and falls and moves back to the equator.
B : Cooler air rises and moves away from the equator, then warms and falls and moves back to the equator.
C : Cooler air rises and moves toward the equator, then warms and falls and moves away from the equator.
D : Hotter air rises and moves toward the equator, then cools and falls and moves away from the equator.
Answers
Unequeal warming of the atmosphere generates convective cells. The Hardley cell occurs between 0º and 30º latitude. A) Hotter air rises and moves away from the equator, then cools and falls and moves back to the equator.
What is the Hardley convection cell?
At a global level, unequal warming of the atmosphere occurs, which depends on many factors and varies with latitude. This unequal warming results in convective atmospheric circulation cells: Hardley cell, Ferrel cell, and Polar cell.
When talking about convective cells, we refer to air circulation. As it gets warm, expands, and ascends. When it reaches higher altitudes gets colder and thicker and descends again.
In each hemisphere, the Hardley cell occurs between 0º and 30º latitude (north and south).
While the tropical air gets warmer, it ascends and produces a low atmospheric pressure area over the equator.
The dense air coming from the north and south (30º latitude) moves to the low-pressure area and forms the superficial winds that blow toward the equator.
The warmed air rises when pushed by new masses of warm air that are also rising. The equator turns to be the divergence point where warm masses of air rise and get separated as they get colder and pushed to the different poles.
When the air gets cold enough, it descends again at approximately 30º latitude (north and south). This is the horse's latitude. And the cycle starts all over again.
Ferrel cell occurs between 30º and 60º latitude, and the polar cell occurs between 60º and the poles.
According to this framework, the correct option is A : Hotter air rises and moves away from the equator, then cools and falls and moves back to the equator.
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Answer:
Hotter air rises and moves away from the equator, then cools and falls and moves back to the equator. A.K.A. (A)
Explanation: i id the test and got it right with this answer.
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most foliage leaves are flat and thin for maximal a. absorption of light b. absorption of co2 c. absorption of water d. a and b e. a, b and c
Answers
Most foliage leaves are flat and thin for maximal absorption of light and carbon dioxide. Option (c)
The shape of the leaves is important for the function of photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. The flat and thin shape of leaves provides a large surface area for the absorption of light and allows for efficient gas exchange, which is crucial for photosynthesis.
Additionally, the flat shape of leaves enables them to be positioned at angles that optimize their exposure to sunlight, maximizing the amount of energy that can be captured by the plant. Leaves also contain small pores called stomata that allow for the exchange of gases, including the uptake of carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
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Fossil fuels are a renewable energy source [true or false]
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Oil, natural gas and coal are fossil fuels and non-renewable sources of energy.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
bcs fossil fuels is one of non-renewable sources of energy
food proteins: are incorporated into body proteins. are absorbed as amino acids. remain intact until they reach the small intestine, where they are digested. require a highly alkaline environment to break down.
Answers
Food proteins: are incorporated into body proteins. are absorbed as amino acids. remain intact until they reach the small intestine, where they are digested. require a highly alkaline environment to break down are absorbed as amino acids.
Food proteins are broken down into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine before being absorbed into the bloodstream. When proteins are consumed, they are digested in the stomach with the aid of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes.
Amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream through the lining of the small intestine. The liver then takes them up and converts them into a form that can be used to create new proteins or other molecules required by the body, such as neurotransmitters or hormones. The human body uses proteins to repair and maintain tissues, generate enzymes and hormones, and to help the immune system function correctly.
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how is support attained in herbaceous plant
Answers
Answer:
HERBACEOUS PLANTS• Support is provided by the turgidity of parenchyma & collenchyma cells & xylem tissues. Parenchyma cells are filled with water turgid• Collenchyma cells have unevenly thickened cellulose walls which provide support in stem & the midrib of the leaves.
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What are three things you learned about the
planets and their moons from the explorations of Curiosity and other satellites?
Answers
Answer:
I agree with the other person that answered...
Explanation:
I will give you a fun fact though, stars are made up of gasses and energy and Pluto isn't a real planet :)
Which product of photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere?
Answers
Answer:
Oxygen! Oxygen is the waste product of plants and ends up in the atmosphere, which allows animals to breathe.
After an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has been completed ,the products are released and the __________on the enzyme will return to its original shape
Answers
After an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has been completed, the products are released and the active site on the enzyme will return to its original shape.
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can be affected by the amount of enzyme present, the concentration of substrate, the presence of inhibitors or activators, temperature, and pH.
Enzymes are a type of protein that acts as a catalyst, which speeds up chemical reactions. Enzymes are highly specific, meaning that they will only catalyze one type of reaction. Enzymes have a specific shape called the active site, which binds to the substrate (the reactant in the reaction).
Once the reaction is complete, the products are released, and the enzyme returns to its original shape. This means that the active site is available to catalyze another reaction.
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what is cell biology
Answers
Answer:
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function and behavior of cells. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be divided into many sub-topics which may include the study of cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. The study of cells is performed using several techniques such as cell culture, various types of microscopy, and cell fractionation. These have allowed for and are currently being used for discoveries and research pertaining to how cells function, ultimately giving insight into understanding larger organisms. Knowing the components of cells and how cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences while also being essential for research in biomedical fields such as cancer, and other diseases. Research in cell biology is interconnected to other fields such as genetics, molecular genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, medical microbiology, immunology, and cytochemistry.
Explanation:
Answer:
Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function and behavior of cells. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be divided into many sub-topics which may include the study of cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition.
what happens to the energy that is not converted to usable energy in a muscle Cell?
Answers
Answer:
The process is called oxidative phosphorylation and it happens inside mitochondria. In the matrix of mitochondria the reactions known as the citric acid or Krebs cycle produce a chemical called NADH. NADH is then used by enzymes embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Explanation:
HELPPPPP
solar cells can provide the energy to run calculators, outdoor lights and other devices. how does the conversion of light energy into stored electrical energy by solar cells compare to the process of photosynthesis?
Answers
Answer:
How does the conversion of light energy into stored chemical energy by solar cells compare to the process of photosynthesis? ... Photosynthesis uses solar energy to produce oils, glucose, and other complex carbohydrates that are stored as chemical energy.
Explanation:
Photovoltaic cells are an electrical device that converts light energy into electricity. It uses both chemical and physical phenomena.
Photosynthesis is carried by the plant cells where they take the energy from the sun and convert them into chemical energy.
In the process of photosynthesis, the light energy and the food gets converted into glucose, ATP and other complex molecules.Similarly, solar cells utilize light energy and store them in photovoltaic cells in the form of electricity.To learn more about the solar cells follow the link:
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With today's technology how else can you disprove the theory spontaneous generation?
Answers
Answer:
Religion, philosophy, and science have all wrestled with this question. One of the oldest explanations was the theory of spontaneous generation, which can be
Explanation:
The white matter of the cerebellum is known as the.
Answers
Answer: Arbor vitae
Explanation:..hi its me back again have a great day and burn it (pls mark me brainliest)
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Describe the energy changes occurring in the process in which ice melts to water
Answers
As ice melts into water, kinetic energy is being added to the particles. This causes them to be 'excited' and they break the bonds that hold them together as a solid, resulting in a change of state: solid -> liquid.
Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each:
Answers
Given what we know, we can confirm that this process happens in between each action potential.
What is an action potential?The action potential is the rapid polarization and depolarization of cells and cell membranes when they receive an impulse. In this case, the action potential is used to open and close the gated ion channels for sodium and potassium.
Therefore, we can confirm that gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each action potential.
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Careful studies have shown that robin eggs of intermediate size are more likely to produce viable offspring than smaller or larger eggs. This is an
example of
Genetic drift
Stabilizing selection
Heterozygote advantage.
Directional selection
Answers
Answer:
Reminder to be happy, go drink some water, eat some food and relax! You are loved :) <3
Explanation:
During osmosis, water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from the region of higher.
Answers
Answer:
During osmosis, water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from the region of higher free water concentration and lower solute concentration to the side with lower free water concentration and higher solute concentration.
Explanation:
Explain the similarities and differences between substitutions, insertions, and deletions
Answers
Answer:
Substitutions, insertions, and deletions are types of genetic mutations that can occur in DNA or RNA sequences.
A substitution, also known as a point mutation, is a change in a single nucleotide base pair in the DNA or RNA sequence. There are three types of substitutions: silent, missense, and nonsense mutations. A silent mutation is a substitution that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein that is produced. A missense mutation is a substitution that does result in a change in the amino acid sequence, potentially affecting the function of the protein. A nonsense mutation is a substitution that creates a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein.
An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide base pairs are added to the DNA or RNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame. This can result in a frameshift mutation, which changes the way the entire sequence is read and can affect the protein produced.
A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide base pairs are removed from the DNA or RNA sequence, also causing a frameshift mutation. Like an insertion, a deletion can affect the protein produced, depending on where in the sequence it occurs.
In summary, substitutions, insertions, and deletions are all types of genetic mutations that can occur in DNA or RNA sequences. Substitutions involve a change in a single nucleotide base pair, while insertions and deletions involve the addition or removal of one or more base pairs, respectively. Insertions and deletions can result in a frameshift mutation, which changes the reading frame of the sequence and can have significant effects on the protein produced.
Explanation:
Why the bass and crayfish benefit from an increased level of phosphate, initially, but then die off
Answers
Answer:
Increased levels of phosphate are beneficial to phytoplankton and aquatic plants. In the short-run, this means increased micronutrients for herbivorous and omnivorous fish.
The phosphate, however, reacts with the water to reduce the oxygen levels obtainable in the water. Without oxygen, the fishes die off.
It is not unusual to find that with increased phosphate in water, healthy fishes begin to die off without any other plausible explanation.
The solution is to clean the water or treat it with solutions that impact positively whilst reducing the phosphate levels.
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Your clinical team would like to run a clinical study on molecule alpha. They are planning a study that will examine the following weight based doses: 0.5 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. This dosing will be administered intravenously. Average patient weights are 70 kg, but the clinical team expects a patient range of ± 10 kg of the average weight.
Available preformulation data shows that alpha aggregates at pH ≥ 7.0, and is susceptible to interfacial stress. Alpha has also shown instability at low pH, where deamidation and fragmentation are observed.
Nominate a SINGLE drug product presentation capable of supporting this clinical trial (including all doses noted). Include all relevant information for the nominated DP presentation and provide justification for your DP presentation (briefly describe your rationale).
Answers
Based on the available preformulation data, a suitable drug product presentation for molecule alpha could be a lyophilized powder for reconstitution into a sterile solution for intravenous administration.
This presentation would allow for the incorporation of suitable excipients to maintain a pH below 7.0 to prevent aggregation and minimize interfacial stress during preparation and administration.
The lyophilized powder could be provided in vials containing the required doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, along with appropriate instructions for reconstitution and dosing. The vials could be stored at the appropriate temperature and humidity conditions to maintain stability and efficacy.
This presentation is suitable because it allows for precise dosing, easy administration, and minimizes the potential for instability and aggregation that could impact the efficacy and safety of molecule alpha.
Furthermore, the lyophilized powder presentation can be easily customized to accommodate different dose levels, making it a flexible and versatile option for clinical studies and future commercial products.
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Will mark brainliest and give thirteen points
Answers
the awnser is D
a neap tide is when the moon is either above or below earth
and a spring tide is when the moon is on the side/both sides middle of earth.
Hope this helps and isn't too confusing.
Which of these best explains the impact of convection on the atmosphere?
Dense air moves away from Earth's surface. Water heats up the air surrounding it. Land heats up the air surrounding it. Warm air rises upwards
Answers
From the options given, the best statement to explain the impact of convection on the atmosphere is: D. Warm air rises upwards. Convection in the atmosphere directly impacts cloud formation.
What is convection?Convection is the process that includes movement within a liquid or gas driven by differences in temperature and density. Convection on our atmosphere is very crucial in water cycles. Through the convention, energy from the hotter areas will be redistributed to the cooler areas. It affects wind direction and helps aid temperature circulation on Earth.
Convection also affects the weather. As the sun heats Earth’s surface, the air heats up and rises. Once this air cools down in the atmosphere, Cumulus clouds will form and produces rain eventually.
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A particular type of inclusion body that is used to orient bacteria in three-dimensional space in a fluid environment is the metachromatic granule. Ogas vacuole. carboxysome. sulfur granule.
Answers
A particular type of inclusion body that is used to orient bacteria in three-dimensional space in a fluid environment is a carboxysome.
In instance, cyanobacteria and other chemoautotrophic bacteria have carboxysomes, a form of inclusion body. Enzymes associated with carbon fixation, notably the enzyme RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), are found in these proteinaceous compartments. It is well known that carboxysomes are essential for the cyanobacteria's photosynthesis process.
The carbon fixation process is made more effective by carboxysomes, which have a characteristic polyhedral form and are involved in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) surrounding RuBisCO. In order to prevent oxygen from interfering with the activities involved in photosynthetic life, they are also in charge of maintaining the ideal level of carbon dioxide.
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Which of the following is most involved in the defense against cancer? A. Natural killer cells. B. Plasma cells. C. Dendritic cells. D. Reticular cells
Answers
A. Natural killer cells.
1 7 points
A tree's roots caused a small crack in a section of a sidewalk when it grew larger. Which of these caused the sidewalk to crack?
erosion
deposition
mechanical or physical weathering
chemical weathering
Answers
which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? a. the structure of the nervous system in starfish and vertebrates. b. all animals have similar neurons, with voltage-gated sodium channels. c. many bats and dolphins can echolocate, but they evolved from ancestors lacking that ability.
Answers
An example of convergent evolution is many bats and dolphins can echolocate, but they evolved from ancestors lacking that ability.
Thus, the correct option is C.
What is convergent evolution?Convergent evolution is the process by which two species develop similаr feаtures despite not shаring а recent common аncestor. Convergent evolution occurs in аll biologicаl kingdoms, аnd it is pаrticulаrly noticeаble in plаnt species аnd аnimаl species. The only requirement is thаt two species, lаcking а common аncestor, undergo independent evolution thаt results in similаr body forms or similаr useful trаits.
Fish аnd dolphins аre vаstly different аnimаls with different underlying DNА sequences аnd nervous systems. Yet becаuse they inhаbit similаr environmentаl conditions, they hаve developed аnаlogous structures. Birds, bаts, аnd insects аll developed wings viа different evolutionаry pаths.
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Body Fat and Health 1 Some body fat is necessary for good health, but too much adipose tissue contributes to many chronic disorders. Which of the following statements is true concerning the health-related effects of adipose tissue? Check all that apply. Check All That Apply es To be healthy, young women need to have less body fat than young men Having some extra body fat can provide an energy reserve that enables a very ill person to survive an extended illness. An older adult who has more visceral fat than subcutaneous fat is less likely to experience bone fractures as a result of falls. People who have an excessive amount of visceral fat tend to be healthier than people who do not have an excessive amount of this kind of fat
Answers
The correct statements concerning the health-related effects of adipose tissue are:
- Having some extra body fat can provide an energy reserve that enables a very ill person to survive an extended illness.
- An older adult who has more visceral fat than subcutaneous fat is less likely to experience bone fractures as a result of falls.
Therefore, the correct statements are:
- Having some extra body fat can provide an energy reserve that enables a very ill person to survive an extended illness.
- An older adult who has more visceral fat than subcutaneous fat is less likely to experience bone fractures as a result of falls.
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Which of the following identifies the cause for thermal shock in a lake?
A power plant using the lake water to cool the power plant
Boaters frequenting the lake on weekends and spilling fuel into the lake
Fishing tournaments that draw large crowds to the lake and leave trash behind
People swimming in no swimming posted areas of the lake
Answers
Answer:
A power plant using the lake water to cool the power plant
Explanation:
i took the test and got it right
Which of the following identifies the cause for thermal shock in a lake?
A power plant using the lake water to cool the power plant
Boaters frequenting the lake on weekends and spilling fuel into the lake
Fishing tournaments that draw large crowds to the lake and leave trash behind
People swimming in no swimming posted areas of the lake
Points earned on this question: 5