Assuming the transition to turbulence for flow over a flat plate happens at a Reynolds number of 5x105, determine the following for air at 300 K and engine oil at 380 K. Assume the free stream velocity is 3 m/s. a. The distance from the leading edge at which the transition will occur b. Expressions for the momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses as a function of x for a laminar boundary layer c. Which fluid has the higher heat transfer
Answers
Given:
Assuming the transition to turbulence for flow over a flat plate happens at a Reynolds number of 5x105, determine the following for air at 300 K and engine oil at 380 K. Assume the free stream velocity is 3 m/s.
To Find:
a. The distance from the leading edge at which the transition will occur.
b. Expressions for the momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses as a function of x for a laminar boundary layer
c. Which fluid has a higher heat transfer
Calculation:
The transition from the lamina to turbulent begins when the critical Reynolds
number reaches \(5\times 10^5\)
\((a). \;\text{Rex}_{cr}=5 \times 10^5\\\\\frac{\rho\;vx}{\mu}=5 \times 10^5\\\text{density of of air at}\;300K=1.16 \frac{kg}{m\cdot s}\\\text{viscosity of of air at}\;300K=1.846 \times 10^{-5} \frac{kg}{m\cdot s} \\v=3m/s\\\Rightarrow x=\frac{5\times 10^5 \times 1.846 \times 10^{-5} }{1.16 \times 3} =2.652 \;m \;\text{for air}\\(\text{similarly for engine oil at 380 K for given}\; \rho \;\text{and} \;\mu)\\\)
\((b).\; \text{For the lamina boundary layer momentum boundary layer thickness is given by}:\\\frac{\delta}{x} =\frac{5}{\sqrt{R_e}}\;\;\;\;\quad\text{for}\; R_e <5 \times 10^5\\\\\text{for thermal boundary layer}\\\delta _t=\frac{\delta}{{P_r}^{\frac{1}{3}}}\quad\quad \text{where} \;P_r=\frac{C_p\mu}{K}\\\Rightarrow \delta_t=\frac{5x}{\sqrt{R_e}{P_r}^{\frac{1}{3}}}\)\((c). \frac{\delta}{\delta_t}={P_r}^{\frac{r}{3}}\\\text{For air} \;P_r \;\text{equivalent 1 hence both momentum and heat dissipate with the same rate for oil}\; \\P_r >>1 \text{heat diffuse very slowly}\\\text{So heat transfer rate will be high for air.}\\\text{Convective heat transfer coefficient will be high for engine oil.}\)
Related Questions
are trains cool because if they are then my dad didn't beat me
Answers
Answer:
I think trains are pretty awesome. There's a train in japan that levitates slightly and runs on magnetism. Pretty amazing. It's super fast too
A stall occurs when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane`s wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing
Answers
A stall happens when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane`s wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing "exceeds its critical angle of attack."
The angle of attack refers to the angle at which the airplane's wing meets the air that is flowing over it. When an airplane actually is taking off, it is lifting the nose up into the air. And, if that nose continues to rise ultimately it reaches a point where the air is not able to smoothly flow over the wing, causing the airplane to drop. And, this is the point when the airplane exceeds its critical angle of attack.
Exceeding the critical angle of attack is known to be a stall. This has no concern with the engine stalling, it just concerns with the wings not producing enough lift to keep the airplane in the air.
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Which of the following wouldn't be pictured on a fan motor's ladder logic diagram? A. Auxiliary contacts B. two Push-button control C. Boiler D. Mixing chamber
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
:)
To get fresh air, a pressure difference must exist between points (1) and (2). for a given wind speed, what is the pressure difference?
Answer hint: For 6 m/s windspeed it is 3.2 Pa
Answers
For a 10 m/s wind speed, the pressure difference between points (1) and (2) is approximately 53.35 Pa.
To calculate the pressure difference between points (1) and (2) for a given wind speed, you can use the following formula:
Pressure difference (Pa) = 0.5 × air density (kg/m³) × wind speed² (m/s)
The hint provided states that for a 6 m/s wind speed, the pressure difference is 3.2 Pa. Using this information, we can estimate the air density:
3.2 Pa = 0.5 × air density × (6 m/s)²
Air density ≈ 1.067 kg/m³
Now you can use this air density value to find the pressure difference for any given wind speed using the formula above. Remember to replace the wind speed value in the formula with the desired wind speed.
For example, if you want to find the pressure difference for a 10 m/s wind speed:
Pressure difference (Pa) = 0.5 × 1.067 kg/m³ × (10 m/s)² ≈ 53.35 Pa
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When the process is in control but does not meet specification which type of error is it?
Answers
When the process is in control but does not meet specification, it is referred to as a special cause error.
What is the term for a process in control but not meeting specification?In statistical process control, a process is considered to be in control when it operates within the defined limits and shows only random variations. However, when a process is in control but does not meet the desired specifications, it indicates the presence of a special cause error.
Special cause errors are attributed to specific factors or events that cause the process to deviate from the expected outcome. These errors are typically unpredictable and require investigation and corrective action to bring the process back within the desired specifications.
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the fluid control function of a fluid power system controls system pressure and fluid flow rate and
Answers
The fluid control function of a fluid power system controls system pressure and fluid flow rate, and it also regulates fluid direction and distribution.
Fluid Direction and Distribution: In addition to controlling pressure and flow rate, the fluid control function governs the direction and distribution of fluid within the system. Directional control valves, such as solenoid valves or manual valves, are used to determine the pathways and routes through which fluid flows. By actuating these valves, the fluid control function directs the fluid to specific actuators, cylinders, or other components, enabling precise control over the system's operation.
Fluid control also involves managing the distribution of fluid among various branches or circuits within a fluid power system. This is achieved through the use of manifold systems, which consist of interconnected valves and passages that control the flow distribution to different parts of the system. By selectively opening or closing valves within the manifold, the fluid control function ensures that the fluid is appropriately distributed to the desired areas of the system.
The fluid control function in a fluid power system encompasses the regulation of system pressure, fluid flow rate, fluid direction, and fluid distribution. By effectively managing these aspects, the fluid control function enables precise control, efficient operation, and reliable performance of the fluid power system.
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What size will it be if 4" is at scale 3/4" = 1"
Answers
Answer:
3
Explanation:
4*(3/4)=3
A pizza shop makes serves both vegan pizza and meat pizza. Customers place N orders at the shop. Their order number is printed" on their bill. The shop displays K out of N orders (both vegan and meat) on their display screen at any given time. The pizza shop is very famous and they receive many orders. To avoid confusion, vegan pizza orders are represented by positive numbers and meat pizza orders are represented by negative numbers on the screen. The orders are served in the order in which they are displayed on the screen. Each time an order is ready, its number is removed from the display screen and a new order is added to the display at the end of the list. A couple has arrived with their child Billy. Billy is a very naughty child. To keep him occupied, his parents tell him to make a list of the first meat pizza that appear in each set of K orders displayed on the shop's display screen. Write an algorithm to help Billy make a list of the first meat based pizza order numbers displayed on the screen each time an order is
Answers
The algorithm helps Billy make a list of the first meat-based pizza order numbers displayed on the screen each time an order is written below.
What is an algorithm?A process for solving a problem or completing a computation is referred to as an algorithm.
The store's display screen is always displaying Kout of Borders (meat and vegan). The pizza shop is well-known and frequently receives orders.
Program Details
Make a class for a bank account with two attributes:
Owner and Balance,
and two methods:
Deposit and Withdraw.
Note: Withdrawals may not exceed the available balance.
Therefore, the algorithm is written above.
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What effect did the Ice Age have on early humans
Answers
Answer:
The development of homosapiens
Explanation:
People adapted to the harsh weather by creating tools and used land bridges to spread to new regions
The pressure less than atmospheric pressure is known as:
Suction pressure
Negative gauge pressure
Vacuum pressure
All of the above
Answers
Answer:
answer is option (d) all of the above
Hi, I am confused about whether this is considered not symmetric or symmetric.
Relation R = { (a, b), (a, c), (b, c), (b, d), (c, d), (d, c) }
I tried asking different people but they gave me two different answers, so which one is the correct one?
Symmetric since (c, d) ∈ R and (d, c) ∈ R
OR
NOT Symmetric since (a, b) ∈ R and (b, a) ∉ R
OR
is it both wrong or both right? Please explain, thank you!
Answers
The relation R is not symmetric because it violates the symmetry property for the pair (a, b).
Is the relation R = { (a, b), (a, c), (b, c), (b, d), (c, d), (d, c) } symmetric or not?The relation R = { (a, b), (a, c), (b, c), (b, d), (c, d), (d, c) } is considered NOT symmetric.
Symmetry in a relation means that if (a, b) is in the relation, then (b, a) must also be in the relation. In this case, we have (a, b) ∈ R, but (b, a) ∉ R, violating the symmetry property.
While it is true that (c, d) ∈ R and (d, c) ∈ R, satisfying the symmetry property for those specific pairs, the presence of (a, b) ∈ R and (b, a) ∉ R already establishes that the relation is not symmetric. Symmetry should hold for all pairs in the relation, not just a subset.
Therefore, the correct answer is NOT symmetric, based on the violation of the symmetry property for the pair (a, b).
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What would decrease the resistance of wires carrying an electric current?
shorter wires
Look at the diagram showing resistance and flow of electrons.
Which labels best complete the diagram?
NOT
X: Flow of electrons
Y: High potential energy
Z: Low potential energy
Potential difference is measured in units called ___________.
.
Volts
Why is copper used for most electrical wiring?
It is a good conductor.
Measurements of two electric currents are shown in the chart.
Which best compares the two currents?
Current Y has a greater potential difference, and the charges flow at a slower rate.
Which lists types of materials from most conductive to least conductive?
NOT
insulator,
semiconductor,
conductor,
superconductor
In the diagram, the arrow shows the movement of electric charges through a wire connected to a battery.
What causes the electric charges to flow from one end of the battery to the other?
a difference in electric potential
Which most likely has the greatest conductivity?
a cool lead metal strip
Jodi made a list about electric current to help her study for a test.
1) Movement of electrons is continuous in a current.
2) Electrons move from areas of low to high electric potential.
3) Voltage causes current to flow.
4) Rate at which current flows is measured in amperes.
Which best describes Jodi's error?
Electrons move from areas of high to low electric potential.
Which two wire properties would provide the greatest resistance to the flow of a current?
long, thin
Answers
Because it is an excellent conductor, copper is used for the majority of electrical wiring, and shorter cables reduce the resistance of wires carrying an electric current.
1)smaller wires
2)NOT X: Electron flow
Y: Lots of potential energy
Z: Minimal potential energy
3)Volts
4) It has strong conductivity.
5) The charges move more slowly in current Y because of the larger potential difference.
6)NOT
insulator,
semiconductor,
conductor,
superconductor
7)Differences in electric potential
8) a cold slice of lead metal
9) Electrons flow between regions with high and low electric potential.
10) long and lean
The copper produced by electrolysis is known as pure copper or electrolytic copper. Numerous types of electrical wiring use copper as its electrical conductor. Electricity is produced, transmitted, and distributed via copper wire in telecommunications, electronic circuits, and a variety of other electrical devices.
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This wired networking standard specifies the order in which data is sent through the network.
Select one:
a. Ethernet
b. WiMAX
c. LTE
d. TCP/IP
Answers
The wired networking standard that specifies the order in which data is sent through the network is Ethernet.
Ethernet is a widely used wired networking standard that defines the protocols and specifications for data transmission over a local area network (LAN). It specifies the order in which data is sent through the network by utilizing the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) algorithm.
The CSMA/CD algorithm ensures that multiple devices connected to an Ethernet network can share the same communication medium without interfering with each other. Before transmitting data, a device using Ethernet listens to the network to detect if it is clear to send data. If the network is busy, it waits for an opportune moment. Once the network is clear, the device sends the data, constantly monitoring for collisions. If a collision occurs (when two or more devices transmit data simultaneously), they stop transmitting, wait for a random period of time, and then retry.
By following this protocol, Ethernet ensures orderly and efficient data transmission within the network, minimizing collisions and maximizing data throughput. It has become the de facto standard for wired local area networks due to its reliability, scalability, and widespread adoption.
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Hey guys can anyone list chemical engineering advancement that has been discovered within the past 20 years
Answers
Nanopesticides. The world population keeps growing. ...
Enantio selective organocatalysis. ...
Solid-state batteries. ...
Flow Chemistry. ...
Porous material for Water Harvesting. ...
Directed evolution of selective enzymes. ...
From plastics to monomers. ...
what will happen to the yield strength, the tensile strength, and the ductility of a material if you increase the strain rate?
Answers
The thing that will happen to the Yield strength, the Tensile Strength, and the ductility. of a material if you increase the strain rate is option B: The Yield Strength and the Tensile Strength will increase, but the the ductility will decrease.
What connection exists between ductility and yield strength?Boosting the strain rate or decreasing the temperature has the effect of raising the flow stress and decreasing ductility. The less uniform elongation before necking begins is what causes the poorer ductility; however, significant plastic flow may still be seen within the necked region.
Note that the primary distinction between yield strength and tensile strength is that the former refers to the lowest stress at which a material would permanently deform, whilst the latter refers to the highest tension at which a material will withstand before failing.
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See full question below
What will happen to the Yield strength, the Tensile Strength, and the ductility. of a material if you increase the strain rate? * The Yield Strength, the Tensile Strength, and the ductility (\%EL) will all increase. The Yield Strength and the Tensile Strength will increase, but the the ductility (\%EL) will decrease. The Yield Strength will increase, but the Tensile Strength and the the Ductility
(%EL)
will decrease. The Yield Strength will decrease, but the Tensile Strength and the the Ductility (\%EL) will increase. The Yield Strength and the Tensile Strength will decrease, but the the Ductility (\%EL) will increase. The Yield Strength, the Tensile Strength, and the ductility (\%EL) will all decrease.
Which electrode uses a whip technique and why
Answers
Answer:
STICK SKILL DRILL...
Explanation:
The skill drill uses a Whip and Pause technique.The reason for whip and pause is that 6010 electrodes are fast freezing electrodes and the momentary whips allow the puddle to solidify a bit ..Length of Art..Too long an arc causes problems so try to keep the arc equal to or shorter than diameter of electrode.
The aerodynamic force exerted on each blade of a wo-blade wind turbine is 1000N. At the given conditions, the lift coefficient is 0.9. If the center of gravity of the blade is at 20m from the hub, compute the following:
1. The torque generated by the two blades.
2. The blades' power at 30 r/min.
Aerodynamic lift:
It is a combination of the speed of the air over a surface, the curve of the surface, and the impact of the air motion under the surface of the wing form.
Answers
The power generated by the blades can be calculated using the equation: Power = Torque x Angular velocity. Therefore, the power generated by the blades at 30 r/min is 20,000Nm x 30r/min = 600,000W.
What is velocity?Velocity is a vector quantity that measures the rate of change of an object’s position over time. It is equal to the distance traveled divided by the time taken. The SI unit of velocity is meters per second (m/s). Velocity is a fundamental concept in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of objects. Velocity can also be calculated using the equation v = s/t, where v is velocity, s is the distance and t is the time taken. When an object’s direction of motion changes, its velocity changes even if its speed remains the same.
The torque generated by the two blades can be calculated using the equation: Torque = Aerodynamic force x Distance from hub. Therefore, the torque generated by the two blades is 1000N x 20m = 20,000Nm.
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When you park on a hill,the direction your __are pointed determines which direction your car will roll if the breaks fail
Answers
Answer:
Tires or wheels? I think this is the answer. ^_^
Explanation:
In-------process the hot drawn bar or rod is pulled through the die.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
he metallic rod is fixed into the dies by using a die holder and then a drawing head is used in which the metallic rod is fixed through a jaw mechanism. And then the bar is stretched and slides between the surfaces of the die
Which component of the enterprise platform will help the company capture, curate, and consume customer information to improve their services?
Answers
Data and insight is the component of the enterprise platform will help the company capture customer information.
What is Data and insight?
These are the data and knowledge gotten from analysis of customer's information in a business.
This enterprise platform is very important as it helps the organization to improve their services
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Horizontal deviation of .5 -inch diameter tendons is permissible provided that
Answers
When discussing the horizontal deviation of 0.5-inch diameter tendons, the term "permissible" refers to the acceptable range of deviation allowed in the construction or engineering process. In this context, diameter represents the size of the tendon being used, specifically its width, which is 0.5 inches.
Horizontal deviation is the lateral displacement of the tendon from its original or intended position. Deviations may occur due to various factors such as construction tolerances, material properties, or external loads.
For a deviation to be considered permissible, it must fall within specified limits set by the governing standards or codes, such as those established by engineering or construction organizations. These limits are put in place to ensure structural integrity, durability, and performance of the built environment.
In the case of 0.5-inch diameter tendons, the allowable horizontal deviation would be provided by the relevant guidelines, which take into consideration factors like the span of the tendon, the type of material, and the intended use of the structure.
To conclude, the permissible horizontal deviation of 0.5-inch diameter tendons is determined by the allowable limits set forth in the applicable engineering or construction standards, ensuring structural safety and performance.
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A. At t = -2 ms, a sinusoidal voltage is known to be zero and going positive. The voltage is next zero at t ms. It is also known that the voltage is 80.9 V at t = 0. (a) What is the frequency of v in hertz? Express your answer in hertz (Hz) to three significant figures.
B. At t = -2 ms, a sinusoidal voltage is known to be zero and going positive. The voltage is next zero at t ms. It is also known that the voltage is 80.9 V at t = 0. What is the expression for v?
v = 93.4 sin (167πt + 30.0 0) V
v = 93.4 sin (167πt - 30.0 0) V
v = 93.4 cos (167πt - 30.0 0) V
v = 93.4 cos (167πt + 30.0 0) V
Answers
A) The frequency of v is 500 Hz (to three significant figures). B) The correct expression for v is: v = 93.4 * sin(167πt + 30.0°) V
A) To determine the frequency of the sinusoidal voltage, we need to find the time period between two consecutive zero crossings. Given that the voltage is zero at t = -2 ms and next zero at t ms, the time period (T) can be calculated as:
T = (t - (-2 ms)) = t + 2 ms
Since the voltage is periodic, the time period is the reciprocal of the frequency (f), so we can express the frequency as:
f = 1 / T = 1 / (t + 2 ms)
To express the answer in hertz (Hz) to three significant figures, we can substitute the given value of t into the equation.
Answer: The frequency of v is 500 Hz (to three significant figures).
B) The expression for v can be determined by analyzing the given information. We know that the voltage is 80.9 V at t = 0 and that it is a sinusoidal waveform. We can express it in the form:
v = A * sin(ωt + φ)
where A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, t is time, and φ is the phase angle.
Since the voltage is going positive at t = -2 ms, we can deduce that the phase angle is positive. Moreover, the phase angle determines whether the waveform is a sine or cosine function. If the waveform is zero at t = -2 ms and going positive, the expression should be a sine function.
Therefore, the correct expression for v is: v = 93.4 * sin(167πt + 30.0°) V
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Problem 3. Consider the Cartesian (x, y, z) and spherical (r, 0, 0) coordinate systems shown below. We can see
that:
The unit vectors are related by:
er
eg
eo
Or, they can be inverted to obtain:
=
=
=
T
x
=
= r sin cos
Y
r sin
z = r cose
x, ex
ex =
sin cos de, + cos
ey
sin sin pe, + cos
ez = cose, sin eg
Show that the gradient of a scalar, a, is give by:
да
Ər
√x² + y² + 2²
sin
cos pe
+ sin
cos cos pe
+ cos
- sin de + cos de
Va er
+
1 да
r 20
z, e₂
Ф
sin o
Ө
eo +
sin pey + cos lez
sin pey - sinfez
cos peg - sin de
sin pee + cos de
1
r sin
r, e,
ed
да
do
-eo
y, eyn
Answers
Answer:
Can't help
Explanation:
Adsorption in a stirred tank reactor. You know that your product reacts extremely rapidly with your adsorbent such that equilibrium is approached quickly in the tank. Also since your product is dilute, you can assume that the adsorption isotherm is linear. (a) How is the mass balance equation below simplified given the assumptions stated above? evay = H(): – y) – (1-e)v da dt (b) Solve analytically the equation obtained in part (a) using appropriate boundary conditions. (c) Plot y versus time for the case of no adsorption and for K = 1, 10, and 100 given H = 1 L/min, yF = 10 g/L, ε = 0.75, and V= 2 L. (d) On a separate plot, sketch (do not attempt analytical solutions) the anticipated results if adsorption follows a Freundlich isotherm where n=0.1, 1.0, and 2.0.
Answers
The Michaelis-Menten (rapid equilibrium) and Briggs-Haldane (PSSH/QSSA) approaches both assume that the rate of ES formation and breakdown are much faster than the rate of product formation.
The Michaelis-Menten approach assumes that the ES complex reaches equilibrium rapidly, and the concentration of ES remains constant during the reaction (steady state assumption). This leads to the derivation of the Michaelis-Menten equation, which describes the relationship between reaction rate and substrate concentration.
The Briggs-Haldane approach assumes that the rate of product formation is much slower than ES formation and breakdown, and that the concentration of ES is constant throughout the reaction (pseudo-steady-state assumption).
This allows the derivation of the Briggs-Haldane equation, which also describes the relationship between reaction rate and substrate concentration. The main difference between the two approaches is the assumption of steady state versus pseudo-steady state, which depends on the timescale of the reaction.
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One mole of an monatomic ideal gas at 25 and 1 atm undergoes the following reversibly conducted cycle
Answers
19.15JK−1mol−1 is the change in entropy due to the expansion of 1 mole of an ideal gas at 25oC is subjected to expand reversibly ten times of its initial volume.
Entropy is a notion in science and a quantifiable physical characteristic that is frequently connected to a condition of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty. The phrase and its underlying idea are employed in a wide range of disciplines, from classical thermodynamics—where they were initially identified—through statistical physics, which uses them to describe nature at the molecular level, to the foundations of information theory. It has numerous applications in physics and chemistry, biological systems and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, the study of climate change, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information via telecommunication. Scottish engineer and scientist William Rankine first used the terms thermodynamic function and heat potential to describe the thermodynamic notion in 1850.
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Ball valves allow or prevent flow with a one-quarter turn of their handles in much the same way as _______ valves
Answers
Answer: quarter turn
Explanation: There are two basic types of valves ball valves and quarter turn valves or unblocks the hole, either allowing or preventing fluid flow.
Which of the following is NOT one of the typical components mounted to the chassis?
Answers
Answer:
Seats are not the part of chassis.
Considering the CIA triad and the Parkerian hexad, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each model?
Answers
The CIA triad and the Parkerian hex are the fundamental principles of information security.
CIA triad and the Parkerian hexadParkeriano, or Parkerian hexad: is a set of six elements of information security proposed by Donn B. Parker.
1. Confidentiality.
2. Ownership or Control.
3. Integrity.
4. Authenticity.
5. Availability.
6. Utility
The Parkerian hexagram adds three more attributes to the three classic security attributes of the CIA triangle
Confidentiality Integrity Availability
these are the fundamental principles of information security.
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What signal propagation phenomena causes the diffusion, or the reflection in multiple different directions, of a signal?
Answers
In the radio communication system, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that causes diffusion or reflection in multiple different directions of a signal.
Multipath is a propagation mechanism that impacts the propagation of signals in radio communication. Multipath results in the transmission of data to the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Diffusion and reflection are the causes that create multiple paths for the signal to be delivered.
Diffraction occurs when a signal bends around sharp corners; while reflection occurs when a signal impinges on a smooth object. When a signal is received through more than one path because of the diffraction or reflection, it creates phase shifting and interference of the signal.
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Tech A says that open loop is when the PCM pretty much ignores the oxygen sensor signals. Tech B says that closed loop is when the PCM shuts off the fuel injectors during a collision. Who is correct
Answers
Answer:
Tech A
Explanation: