Assuming constant pressure, rank these reactions from most energy released by the system to most energy absorbed by the system, based on the following descriptions: 1. Surroundings get colder and the system decreases in volume. 2. Surroundings get hotter and the system expands in volume. 3. Surroundings get hotter and the system decreases in volume. 4. Surroundings get hotter and the system does not change in volume. 5. Also assume that the magnitude of the volume and temperature changes are similar among the reactions. 6. Rank from most energy released to most energy absorbed. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. A mole of X reacts at a constant pressure of 43.0 atm via the reaction X(g)+4Y(g)→2Z(g), ΔH∘=−75.0 kJBefore the reaction, the volume of the gaseous mixture was 5.00 L. After the reaction, the volume was 2.00 L. Calculate the value of the total energy change, ΔE, in kilojoules.
Answers
Answer: The order from the Most energy released to most Energy Absorbed Is given as 2---> 4--->,3-->---> 1
B)-61.9 kJ
Explanation:
The change in the internal energy of a system is positive if the reaction absorbs energy and negative if the reaction releases energy. For a system to cause an increase in volume, it must have very high energy built up to be released.
1. Surroundings get colder and the system decreases in volume. Here, the surrounding absorbs energy resulting in positive ΔE
2. Surroundings get hotter and the system expands in volume. Here energy is released causing the system to be negative
3. Surroundings get hotter and the system decreases in volume. Although there is a decreased volume, the system is negative because it releases energy
4. Surroundings get hotter and the system does not change in volume. System is negative because it releases energy even thgoygh there is no change in volume
Therefore the order from the Most energy released to most Energy Absorbed Is given as 2---> 4--->,3-->---> 1
b) Using
ΔE = q+ w from 1st law of thermodynamics
ΔE= ΔH - P ΔV
gIven
ΔH = -75.0KJ
volume= A change from 5.0L TO 2.0L = Final volume - initial volume = 2-5= -3.00L
P= 43.0atm
ΔE= ΔH - P ΔV
P ΔV = 43 atm x -3 = -129L.atm
We first convert L-atm to Joules.
1 L-atm = 101.325 Joules.
129L.atm = 129 x 101.325 = - 13071 J
to KJ becomes
13071/1000 = - 13.071KJ
Recall ΔE= ΔH - P ΔV and putting values
ΔE = -75.0 - (-13.071 KJ)= -75.0 kJ + 13.071 kJ = -61.9 kJ
Related Questions
what is joules? plz help
Answers
If a sample of N2, at a volume of 40mL is heated from 20°C to 40°C what is the new volume??
Answers
GIVEN :
• Volume (V1) = 40ml
,• Temperature (T1)= 20° C
,• Temperature (T2) = 40°C
,• Volume (V2) = ?
We will apply Charles law formula : that states that volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant
\(\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\text{ }\frac{V_2}{T_2}\)Substituting the given parameters into the above formula, we get that V2 =
\(\begin{gathered} V_2=\frac{V_1*\text{ T}_2}{T_1} \\ \text{ =}\frac{40\text{ mL * 40 }\degree C}{20\degree C\text{ }} \\ \therefore V_2=\text{ 80 mL } \end{gathered}\)Therefore , the new volume = 80mL
La fórmula CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 ,se le debe llamar de la siguiente manera.
A) Hepteno
B) 1 Hepteno
C) 2 Hepteno
D) Heptinol
ayuden plis
Answers
1
2
3
4
5
LO
6
7
B
8
9
10
Which functional group is found in an ester?
O=0
R R
O=0
o
с
/
R
OR'
R- OH
O
Answers
Answer:
second option
O=C-OR
R
Explanation:
ester: A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water. It contains the functional group C=O. joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.
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Describe the advantages of the hydrogen-rich fuel cell when compared to the conventional electrochemical cells such as lead-acid battery. (4)
Answers
The hydrogen-rich fuel cell offers advantages in terms of efficiency, environmental impact, operating time, refueling speed, weight, size, and lifespan when compared to conventional electrochemical cells like the lead-acid battery.
The hydrogen-rich fuel cell offers several advantages over conventional electrochemical cells like the lead-acid battery. Here are some of the key advantages:
1. Higher Efficiency: Hydrogen fuel cells have higher energy conversion efficiencies compared to lead-acid batteries. Fuel cells can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with minimal loss, while lead-acid batteries have inherent energy losses due to factors such as internal resistance and heat dissipation.
2. Clean and Environmentally Friendly: Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, with water being the only byproduct. They do not produce harmful emissions or contribute to air pollution, making them a cleaner and more sustainable power source compared to lead-acid batteries, which require the use of chemicals like sulfuric acid.
3. Longer Operating Time: Fuel cells have longer operating times compared to lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries have a limited capacity and need to be recharged frequently, while fuel cells can continuously generate electricity as long as there is a supply of hydrogen.
4. Faster Refueling: Refueling a fuel cell is faster compared to recharging a lead-acid battery. Fuel cells can be refueled by replenishing the hydrogen supply, which can be done relatively quickly. In contrast, lead-acid batteries require a longer time to recharge, typically hours, depending on the battery's capacity and charging rate.
5. Lighter Weight and Compact Size: Hydrogen fuel cells have a higher energy density compared to lead-acid batteries, meaning they can store more energy in a smaller and lighter package. This makes fuel cells more suitable for applications where weight and space are critical, such as in portable devices or electric vehicles.
6. Longer Lifespan: Fuel cells generally have a longer lifespan compared to lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries can experience degradation over time due to factors like sulfation, which can reduce their overall capacity and lifespan. Fuel cells, on the other hand, can provide consistent performance over an extended period with proper maintenance.
These advantages make fuel cells a promising technology for various applications, including transportation, stationary power generation, and portable electronics.
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Does CO2+H2O----> C6H12O6+O2 demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
-Reactants-
C: 1
O: 3
H : 2
-Products-
C: 6
O: 8
H: 12
Since these two are not equal, this reaction is not balanced.
Here is the balanced reaction:
6CO2+6H2O ⇒ C6H12O6+6O2
8. Which of the following statements describes the isotopes of an atom?
A Different chemical properties
B Different numbers of protons
C Different numbers of electrons
D Different masses
Answers
The statement that describes the isotopes of an atom is different chemical properties. Thus, option A is correct.
What is atom?
Atom is defined as anything that occupy space and have some mass is known as atom. Silver is a shiny metal that conducts electricity very well . It can be molded into thin sheets it means it can spread into a like a sheet and these type of properties is known as malleability.
Potassium is dull and brittle it means that it can't be change into sheet when you try to change in sheet it will break and these properties are called as brittlness and when it is has been dissolved into water, which it does quite easily.
Physical properties of matter include color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melting points and boling points. Potassium and silver are both gray and shiny metals . The experiment which conducts on these elements to determine are salt analysis.
Therefore,The statement that describes the isotopes of an atom is different chemical properties. Thus, option A is correct.
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which statement describes how technology has increased our information on Mars?
A. The Curiosity rover found sulfur compound in rocks.
B.The Curiosity rover located methane in soil samples.
C. The Curiosity rover detected carbon in organic molecules.
D. The Curiosity rover discovered helium in underground pockets.
Answers
Answer:
Either D or C. I'm so sorry if I got you the wrong answer
Answer:
c
Explanation:
I created a typical vinegar and baking soda experiment. About 100 ml of white vinegar, and 100ml of baking soda. Once the reaction had finished I was left with two byproducts:
#1: pink unknown liquid, smells like vinegar, but with a slight hint of sweetness. It's slightly thicker than water
#2: white unknown non-newtonian fluid, crunching sound when stirred, slightly thicker than molasses, with the scent of pancake batter.
What are these two byproducts chemical makeup?
Answers
The basic unit of structure and function of living things is the .
nucleus
cell
tissue
membrane
Answers
Answer &
Explanation:
eukaryotic: Having complex cells in which the genetic material is contained within membrane-bound nuclei. cell: The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself.
therefore it is cell
please help me it’s due today
Answers
Answer:
Opinion A is the right answerAnswer:
it's A
Hope this helps
amnabsbshdbxbsbsj
Can someone helppp please I will mark u brilliant
Answers
Answer:
all of the above
Explanation:
During a class presentation, your classmate explains that plants perform photosynthesis and animals perform cellular respiration. In your own words, describe what these processes are and explain why your classmate’s statement is correct or incorrect. will give brain
Answers
Answer:
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. ... This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
The carbonyl stretch of an amide is typically found around 1,675 wavenumbers; while, the carbonyl stretch of an ester is typically found around 1,725 wavenumbers. Using complete sentences, explain the observed difference in carbonyl stretches for these two functional groups.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
In the attached file , the resonance structure of amide and ester has been given . One can find that due to oxygen being more electronegative than nitrogen , the contribution of second resonance structure is more . Hence the double bond character of carbonyl bond ( =C=O ) as double bond is less . It is more in the form of single bond . ( see the resonance structure )
On the other hand it is not so in ester because of absence of nitrogen atom. Here carbonyl group is more in the form of double bond . The stretching wave number for double bond is more because it has greater energy .
Silver ion can be used to gravimetrically analyze Br- ion. Calculate the gravimetric factor for Br- using silver bromide. Please show how to do so as well.
Answers
The gravimetric factor for Br- using silver bromide is 0.425.
What is the gravimetric factor?The gravimetric factor is an expression that is used to convert grams of a compound into grams of a single element.
It is expressed as a ratio of the formula weight (FW) of the substance that is being determined to that of a second substance that is weighed.
Gravimetric factor = formula mass of substance weight / formula mass of substance soughtFor example formula of silver bromide is AgBr and the formula mass of silver bromide is 188 g/mol
Formula mass of bromide ion = 80 g/mol
Gravimetric factor = 80/1188
Gravimetric factor = 0.425
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oxidation number of Ag in Ag2O
Answers
The oxidation number of Ag in Ag2O is +1.
In Ag2O, there are two silver atoms (Ag) and one oxygen atom (O). Oxygen is known to have an oxidation number of -2 in most compounds. Since the compound is neutral, the sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms must equal zero.
Therefore, the oxidation numbers of the two silver atoms must add up to +2 to balance out the -2 oxidation number of the oxygen atom. Since there are two silver atoms, each silver atom must have an oxidation number of +1 to yield a total oxidation number of +2 for the compound.
In Ag2O, the silver atoms lose one electron each to form Ag+ ions. This results in an oxidation number of +1 for each silver atom. The oxygen atom gains two electrons from the silver atoms to achieve a stable octet configuration, resulting in an oxidation number of -2 for the oxygen atom. The compound Ag2O is formed through the transfer of electrons, with each silver atom exhibiting an oxidation number of +1.
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Determine if each of the following statements is True or False regarding collision theory? (1) For a reaction to occur, the collision must occur with adequate energy. I Select] (2) The rate of reaction depends on the rate of reactant collisions. I Select ] (3) Activation energy increases as temperature decreases I Select ] What is the activation energy (in kJ/mol) of a reaction whose rate constant increases by a factor of 80 upon increasing the temperature from 308 K to 341 K? R 8.314 J/(mol K).Only enter the numerical value as an integer in the answer box below. Do NOT type in the unit (kJ/mol) Consider the following 2-step reaction mechanism, H2O2 + I-→ HOI + OH- OH- + H+-> H2O HOI + H+ + I--+ 12 + H2O which of the follow statements is/are True? Select ALL that apply O H2O is a product in this reaction. O H+ is a catalyst in this reaction. O The rate law for the reaction is rate k(H202111 O Both HOl and OH are reaction intermediates. slow fast fast
Answers
1.True, for a reaction to occur, the collision must occur with adequate energy.
2.True, the rate of reaction depends on the rate of reactant collisions.
3.False, Activation energy increases as temperature decreases
The activation energy decreases as temperature increases, not increases.
To calculate the activation energy, we can use the Arrhenius equation:
k2/k1 = exp[(Ea/R)(1/T1 - 1/T2)]
where k1 and k2 are the rate constants at temperatures T1 and T2 respectively, Ea is the activation energy, and R is the gas constant.
We can solve for Ea by plugging in the given values:
80 = exp[(Ea/8.314)((1/308)-(1/341))]
Ea = 60 kJ/mol
When it comes to the response mechanism:
A byproduct of this process is water. (True)
In this reaction, H+ acts as a catalyst. (False)
Rate=k([H2O2][I-]) is the reaction's rate law (True)
Intermediates in a reaction include both HOI and OH-. (True)
Due to its higher activation energy than the second step, the first step is the slower step. In a response system, the step that determines the rate is always the one that moves slowly.
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What is the mass percentage of C in morphine, C₁7H19NOs? Provide an
answer to two decimal places.
Answers
The mass percentage of C in morphine would be 4.21%.
What is mass percentage?The mass percentage of a composition in a compound is the mass of the composition relative to the mass of the entire compound. This can be mathematically expressed as:
Mass percentage = mass of component/mass of substance x 100%
In this case, we are looking for the mass percentage of C in \(C_{17}H_{19}NO_3\).
Molar weight of C = 12 g/mol
Molar mass of \(C_{17}H_{19}NO_3\) = (12x17) + (1x19) + (14x1) + (16x3)
= 285 g/mol
Mass percentage of C = 12/285
= 4.21% to 2 decimal places.
In other words, the mass percentage of C in morphine is 4.21%.
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-Convert 6.02 x 1020 formula units of MgCl₂ to mol of MgCl₂:
Answers
6.02 x \(10^{20\) formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 0.1 moles of MgCl₂.
To convert formula units of MgCl₂ to moles of MgCl₂, we need to use Avogadro's number, which relates the number of formula units to the number of moles.
Avogadro's number (NA) is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 formula units per mole.
Given that we have 6.02 x 10^20 formula units of MgCl₂, we can set up a conversion factor to convert to moles:
(6.02 x 10^20 formula units MgCl₂) * (1 mol MgCl₂ / (6.022 x 10^23 formula units MgCl₂))
The formula units of MgCl₂ cancel out, and we are left with moles of MgCl₂:
(6.02 x 10^20) * (1 mol / 6.022 x 10^23) = 0.1 mol
Therefore, 6.02 x 10^20 formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 0.1 moles of MgCl₂.
It's important to note that this conversion assumes that each formula unit of MgCl₂ represents one mole of MgCl₂. This is based on the stoichiometry of the compound, where there is one mole of MgCl₂ for every one formula unit.
Additionally, this conversion is valid for any substance, not just MgCl₂, as long as you know the value of Avogadro's number and the number of formula units or particles you have.
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6 The pressure of 8.06 L of an ideal gas in a flexible container is decreased to
one-third of its original pressure, and its absolute temperature is decreased by
one-half. What is the final volume of the gas?
Answers
The pressure of 8.06 L of an ideal gas in a flexible container is decreased to one-third of its original pressure, and its absolute temperature is decreased by one-half and the final volume of gas is 12.09 L
The volume of gas in a flexible container is 8.06 L
The pressure is P1=X atm
Temperature is T1=YK
Let us calculate the volume V2 if Pressure P2=X/3 atm
Temperature T2=Y/2 K
Using the ideal gas equation, we get
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
V2=V1P1T2/T1P2
V2=8.06LX atm×Y/2K/YK.X/3 atm
V2=8.06x3/2
V2=12.09 L
The combined gas law is an amalgamation of the three previously known laws which are- Boyle's law PV = K, Charles's law V/T = K, and Gay-Lussac's law P/T = K.Applications of the combined gas law exist. This rule is applicable when the pressure, volume, and temperature are constant but the quantity of gas varies. The law can predict things like cloud formation, refrigerators, and air conditioners, for instance.To learn more about combined gas law visit:
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The alcohol product(s) of the reduction of 2-methyl3-pentanone with LiAIFHL isfaret 1. LIAIH4 2. H20 A) a single enantiomer. B) a racemic mixture. C) two diastereomers D) two constitutional isomers
Answers
The alcohol product of the reduction of 2-methyl3-pentanone with 1. LiAlH₄ diethyl ether 2. H₂O is B ) racemic mixture.
The reduction of the 2 - methyl-3- pentanone with the LiAlH₄ diethyl ether is given as follows :
1. LiAlH₄ diethyl ether
CH₃ - CH - C - CH₂ -CH₃ ----------------> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH - CH₂ -CH₃
| || 2. H₂O | |
CH₃ O CH₃ OH
2 - methyl-3- pentanone 2 - methyl-3- pentanol
This compound is the optically inactive and thus, form the racemic mixture. the optically inactive means it does not rotate the plane polarized light.
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a) Provide equation of K of this reaction, use symbol " ^ " for exponents. That means 1000 = 10^3 and 1/100 is 10^(-2). b) How many moles of compound F will be produced if only 2 moles of compound C is available? describe or show your work. 3 A + 5 B +4 C 5 D +7 E + F
Answers
Answer and Explanation:
a. The equation of K of this reaction is shown below:-
3 A + 5 B + 4 C↔5 D + 7 E + F
\(K = \frac{(D)^5 (E)^7 (F)}{(A)^3 (B)^5 (C)^4}\)
b. The moles of compound F is shown below:-
3 A + 5 B + 4 C↔5 D + 7 E + F
2 moles
Now, the mole of produced is
\(= \frac{1}{4} \times \ moles\ of\ c\)
Now, we will the value of c by using the above equation
\(= \frac{1}{4} \times 2\)
After solving the above equation we will get
0.5 moles
2. What is the mass in grams of 0.05 moles of gold?
Answers
The mass of 0.05 mole of gold is 9.85 g
The mole of a substance is related to its mass and molar mass according to the following equation:
Mole = mass /molar massWith the above formula, we can obtain the mass of gold. This can be obtained as follow:
Mole of gold = 0.05 mole
Molar mass of gold = 196.97 g/mol
Mole of gold =?Mole = mass / molar mass
0.05 = mass / 196.97
Cross multiply
Mass = 0.05 × 196.97
Mass of gold = 9.85 gTherefore, the mass of the gold is 9.85 g
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How does Perth’s water cycle work?
Answers
if a student can run 5.5 mph, how long will it take the student to run 3.2 km
Answers
Answer: 13.5 minutes to run 3.2 km.
Explanation: To solve this problem, you need to convert the distance from kilometers to miles and the speed from miles per hour to kilometers per hour. 3.2 km is approximately 1.988 miles and 5.5 mph is approximately 8.851 kph. To find the time it takes to run 1.988 miles at 8.851 kph, you can use the formula time = distance ÷ speed. Plugging in the values, you get time = 1.988 miles ÷ 8.851 kph, which simplifies to approximately 0.225 hours or 13.5 minutes.
Therefore, it will take the student approximately 13.5 minutes to run 3.2 km.
2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) yields 4 CO2 (g) + H2O (g) How many grams of water can be produced by the reaction of 4.8 moles of C2 H2 with 14.8 moles of O2 if the percentage yield is 75% how many grams of water was produced
Answers
Taking into account definition of percent yield, the amount of water produced is 32.4 grams.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
2 C₂H₂ + 5 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₂H₂: 2 moles O₂: 5 molesCO₂: 4 molesH₂O: 1 moleLimiting reagentThe limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the amount of product in the reaction. When the limiting reagent is finished, the chemical reaction will stop.
Limiting reagent in this caseTo determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 5 moles of O₂ reacts with 2 moles of C₂H₂, 14.8 moles of O₂ reacts with how many moles of C₂H₂?
\(moles of C_{2} H_{2} =\frac{14.8 moles of O_{2}x 2 moles of C_{2} H_{2}}{5 moles of O_{2}}\)
moles of C₂H₂= 5.92 moles
But 5.92 moles of C₂H₂ are not available, 4.8 moles are available. Since you have less moles than you need to react with 14.8 moles of O₂, C₂H₂ will be the limiting reagent.
Percent yieldThe percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage and it is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:
percent yield= (actual yield÷ theorical yield)× 100%
where the theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product, that is, it is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reagents.
Theorical mass of H₂O formedConsidering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of C₂H₂ form 1 mole of H₂O, 4.8 moles of C₂H₂ form how many moles of H₂O?
\(moles of H_{2} O=\frac{4.8 moles of C_{2} H_{2} x1 mole ofH_{2} O }{2moles of C_{2} H_{2}}\)
moles of H₂O= 2.4 moles
The molar mass of water is 18 g/mole. Then, the theorical mass of water formed can be calculated as: 2.4 moles ×18 g/mole= 43.2 grams
Actual mass of H₂O formedIn this case, you know:
percent yield= 75%actual yield= ?theorical yield= 43.2 gramsReplacing in the definition of percent yields:
75%= (actual yield÷ 43.2 g)× 100%
Solving:
75%÷100%= actual yield÷ 43.2 g
0.75= actual yield÷ 43.2 g
0.75× 43.2 g= actual yield
32.4 g= actual yield
In summary, the amount of water produced is 32.4 grams.
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An OBJECT absorbs like between the light wavelengths of 430 - 400 nm. What is the color of the OBJECT?
Answers
The color of the object appears as yellow/orange.
What is the color?
The visible light spectrum spans a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers (nm), with shorter wavelengths appearing as blue or violet and longer wavelengths as red.
This object is absorbing light with wavelengths between 430 and 400 nm, indicating that it is absorbing light that is visible in the blue and violet spectrum.
We know that this color that we see is actually a complementary color to blue/violet from the color wheel.
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According to the article, elements are named by the number of protons in the nuclei.
Which paragraph BEST supports the idea outlined above?
A
The periodic table is getting a little bit longer, thanks to the addition of four super-heavy elements.
B
The discoveries of elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 were confirmed recently by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The group vets the man-made elements seeking a permanent spot on the periodic table, a chart listing all the elements that hangs in science classrooms around the world.
C
Atoms are the building blocks that make up elements. At the center of each atom is a nucleus composed of small particles called protons and neutrons. Nuclei is the plural of nucleus.
D
The new elements are known as super-heavy elements. Element 118, for example, is the heaviest element to date, with 118 protons alongside 176 neutrons.
Answers
The correct answer is: Atoms are the building blocks that make up elements. At the center of each atom is a nucleus composed of small particles called protons and neutrons. Nuclei is the plural of nucleus; option C.
What is atomic number of an element?The atomic number of an element is the number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom of the element.
The nucleus is the center of the atom and is the heaviest part of the atom.
Another sub-atomic particle fund in the nucleus is the neutron.
Elements are named according to the number of protons in the nuclei.. This is because the number of protons in the nucleus of any given atom whereas the neutron number may vary, Also, electrons are easily removed from atoms of elements.
In conclusion, the number of protos in atom is used to name the atom.
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Which of the following shows the abbreviation for an SI unit of density?
Answers
the aswer is g/ml hope is helpful
1. You find a separatory funnel set up in a fume hood. There are clearly two visible layers. Describe a method you could use to determine which layer is the aqueous layer.
Answers
Answer:
You find a separatory funnel set up in a fume hood. There are clearly two visible layers. Describe a method you could use to determine which layer is the aqueous layer.
Explanation:
In the separating funnel, the liquid with less density exists at the top layer and the liquid with greater density will exist at the bottom layer.
To identify the aqueous layer, add a bit of water to the separating funnel.
Then, observe where the water will go and mix.
If it mixes with the bottom layer, then the bottom layer is the aqueous layer.
If water mixes with the top layer, then top layer is the aqueous layer.
A method we could use to determine which layer is the aqueous layer is by adding 2-4 drops of water in the separatory funnel.
Explanation:
A separatory funnel is a glass apparatus used in labs to separate two immiscible liquids from each other.The two liquids will be present distinctly in form of two different layers one on the other.The liquid at the bottom is with higher density in comparison to the liquid layer at the top which is with lower density.It is mainly used to separate the layer of organic compounds from the aqueous layer.One way to determine the aqueous layer in the separatory funnel is to add 2-4 drops of water to the separatory funnel and observe in which layer the water drops get invisible that is mixed up.The layer in which water drop mixes will experience a small increase in its volume and that will be the aqueous layer.Water drops will not mix with the organic layer can be easily observed with eyes.So, from this, we can conclude that a method we could use to determine which layer is the aqueous layer is by adding 2-4 drops of water in the separatory funnel.
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