Assume a single-stage superheterodyne is used to receive a 32 MHz signal. The frequencies of the local oscillator and intermediate frequency amplifier are 33 MHz and 1 MHz, respectively, (i) Explain why this choice of superheterodyne frequencies is not ideal for this problem (ii) Elaborate two better solutions for this problem.
Answers
The choice of superheterodyne frequencies in this scenario is not ideal for the following reasons.
Firstly, the local oscillator frequency is higher than the input signal frequency, resulting in a high intermediate frequency (IF) value. This high IF can lead to several challenges, such as increased noise and the need for a wider bandwidth in the intermediate frequency amplifier (IFA). Additionally, the high IF may cause image frequencies to overlap with the desired signal, leading to interference. Secondly, the choice of a low IF value (1 MHz) may require a high-quality IFA with a narrow bandwidth, which can be challenging to achieve. To address these issues, two better solutions can be considered. 1. Higher IF Solution: One approach is to increase the IF value to a more practical frequency, such as several tens or hundreds of kilohertz. This helps in reducing the challenges associated with a high IF, such as increased noise and wide bandwidth requirements. By choosing a higher IF, the receiver can employ a more readily available and affordable IFA with better performance characteristics. 2. Lower IF Solution: Another option is to decrease the IF value to a lower frequency. This approach offers advantages like reduced interference from image frequencies and a wider selection of low-cost IFAs. By selecting a lower IF, the receiver can operate with a simpler and less expensive IFA, which can provide better performance characteristics in terms of noise figure, gain, and selectivity.
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Related Questions
describe the typical ways of communicating technical information (such as sketches, test and inspection reports, work planning documents), and the amount of detail that should be included
Answers
Answer:
The most common and well known of these documents are memos and emails, which are used in every type of business. In addition to this, technical communicators also create instructions, product guides and documentation, graphs, charts, images, videos, and other forms of content.
There are many ways to communicate
technical information,
1. Planning sheet- describe the process - this
shows steps on how to make your drill drift-
telling us how us how to make it.
2.Drawings- this tells you the dimensions, size
of component/workpiece
Inspection sheets- check the measurements
are within given tolerances, this shows us
you've made it within those tolerances.
Instructions/ images of how to make your.
FILL THE BLANK.
since thermocouples produce such low voltages, they are often connected in series. this connection is referred to as a(n) _____.
Answers
Thermocouples are temperature sensors that generate a voltage when there is a difference in temperature between two junctions. However, the voltage produced by one thermocouple is usually very small - typically only a few millivolts. To increase the output voltage, multiple thermocouples can be connected together in series.
This connection of multiple thermocouples in series is referred to as a "thermopile". A thermopile consists of several thermocouples connected in series, with each thermocouple adding its small voltage to the overall output voltage. The result is a higher voltage signal that is more easily measured by instruments or controllers.
The use of a thermopile has several advantages over using a single thermocouple. First, it provides a larger voltage signal, which makes it easier to measure accurately. Second, a thermopile can be more sensitive to changes in temperature than a single thermocouple. Finally, since a thermopile generates a higher voltage signal, it can be used over longer distances without suffering from signal degradation.
In summary, connecting thermocouples in series to form a thermopile is a common technique for increasing the voltage output of these temperature sensors. This method allows for more accurate and sensitive measurements, making it useful in a wide range of applications, including industrial process control, laboratory research, and environmental monitoring.
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Write a PIC18F assembly language code to activate the triggering level of INTO by rising edge, and, the INT1 and INT2 interrupts by falling edge
Answers
This code configures the triggering level of INT0 as rising edge and INT1 and INT2 as falling edge. Remember to add your main program code in the Main Loop section.
This will ensure that the interrupts are triggered on a falling edge.
It's important to note that this is just a snippet of code and that the full code would depend on the specific requirements of your project.
Also, be aware that programming in assembly language can be quite complex and time-consuming, so be prepared for a long answer if you plan on writing the entire code from scratch.
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For these problems, assume air behaves as an ideal gas with R = 0.287 k J k g K. A compressor operates at steady state and takes in air from ambient 0 kPa, gage and 300 K. The outlet pressure is 50 kPa, gage and 400 K. Determine: the mass flow rate if the inlet area is 10 cm2 and the inlet pressure is -2 kPa, gage. the minimum outlet temperature that is possible for this compressor. the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, assuming no heat loss. if there is a heat loss of 30 kJ/kg, the work required to run the compressor, and the new isentropic efficiency. A turbine receives air at 50 kPa, gage and 800 K. It discharges to 0 kPa, gage, and the outlet temperature is measured as 500 K. The mass flow rate is the same as in the previous problem. Determine: the maximum work the turbine can do under these conditions. the heat loss, if the turbine works isentropically.
Answers
Answer:
Part 1
1) 0.252 kg/s
2) 457.06 K
3) 63.45%
4) 17.96 kJ
5) 44.85%
Part 2
1) 65.92 kJ
2) 57.62 kJ/kg
Explanation:
1) The mass flow rate
The flow velocity is given by the Bernoulli relation;
\(U =\sqrt{ \dfrac{\Delta P}{\rho } }\)
Where:
ΔP = The difference in pressure = 50 - (-2) = 52 kPa
ρ = Density of air = 1.225 kg/m³
\(U =\sqrt{ \dfrac{52,000}{1.225 } } = 206.03 m/s\)
The volume flow rate, V = U × A
Where:
A = Cross sectional area of the of the inlet = 10 cm² = 0.001 m²
Therefore, V = 0.001 × 206.03 = 0.206 m³/s
The mass flow rate = ρ × V = 1.225 × 0.206 = 0.252 kg/s
2) The minimum outlet temperature
P₁v₁/T₁ = P₂v₂/T₂
v₁ = v₂
∴ P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
T₂ = P₂T₁/P₁ = 151.325*300/99.325 = 457.06 K
3) The isentropic efficiency no heat loss
h₁ = 300.4 kJ/kg
\(h_{(out \ actual)}\) = 401.3 kJ/kg
\(h_{(out \ isentropic)}\) = 441.9 + (457.06 - 440)/(460 - 440)*(462.3 - 441.9) = 459.30 kJ/kg
The isentropic efficiency, \(\eta _{S}\), is given by the expression;
\(\eta _{S} = \dfrac{h_{in} - h_{(out \ actual)}}{h_{in} -h_{(out \ isentropic)} } = \dfrac{300.4 - 401.3}{300.4 - 459.3} = 0.6345\)
Therefore, the isentropic efficiency, \(\eta _{S}\) in percentage = 63.45%
4) Where there is an heat loss of 30 kJ/kg, we have;
\(h_{(out \ actual \ new)}\) = \(h_{(out \ actual)}\) - Heat loss = 401.3- 30 = 371.3 kJ/kg
The work done = (371.3 - 300.04)*0.252= 17.96 kJ/s
The new isentropic efficiency is given by the relation;
\(\eta _{S, new} =\dfrac{300.4 - 371.3}{300.4 - 459.3} = 0.4485\)
Therefore, the isentropic efficiency, \(\eta _{S, new}\), in percentage = 44.85%
Part 2
1) Turbine mass flow rate = 0.252 kg/s
From
T₂ = P₂T₁/P₁ = 101.325*800/151.325= 535.67 K
h₁ = 822.2 kJ/kg
\(h_{(out \ actual)}\) = 503.3 kJ/kg
\(h_{(out \ isentropic)}\) = 544.7 + (535.67 - 520)/(540 - 520)*(544.7 - 524.0) = 560.92 kJ/kg
The maximum work, \(W_{max}\), is given by the expression;
\(W_{max}\) = Mass flow rate×(h₁ - \(h_{(out \ actual)}\))
\(W_{max}\) = (822 - 503.3)*0.252 = 65.92 kJ/s
2) The heat lost, \(h_{loss}\), is given by the relation;
\(h_{loss}\) = \(h_{(out \ isentropic)}\) - \(h_{(out \ actual)}\) = 560.92 - 503.3 = 57.62 kJ/kg.
apparatus equipped with a diesel particulate filter (dpf) will have: (95)
Answers
An apparatus equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) will have the ability to significantly reduce the amount of harmful particulate matter emissions released into the air.
DPFs are designed to capture and store the soot and other particles produced by diesel engines, preventing them from being released into the environment. This technology has become increasingly important as the harmful effects of particulate matter on human health and the environment have become more widely understood.
However, it is important to note that the use of a DPF also requires proper maintenance and regular cleaning to ensure its effectiveness. Accumulated particulate matter can eventually clog the filter, causing decreased engine performance and potentially damaging the DPF itself. In addition, the use of low-quality fuel or improper engine operation can also negatively impact the DPF's performance.
Overall, an apparatus equipped with a DPF will provide a significant improvement in air quality by reducing harmful particulate matter emissions. However, proper maintenance and attention to fuel quality and engine operation are crucial to ensuring the continued effectiveness of this technology.
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a technician is being asked to move a heavy industrial printer. which safety technique is recommended for this situation?
Answers
The safety technique that is recommended for this situation of moving a heavy industrial printer is to Bend at the knees when lifting.
What is a Safety Procedure?This refers to the process of executing a task in a safe and acceptable way that does not put the user or others at risk
Hence, we can see that The safety technique that is recommended for this situation of moving a heavy industrial printer is to Bend at the knees when lifting.
This is to ensure that the person doing the lifting does not injure himself and has the proper form when lifting.
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A 3 mm diameter and 5 m long electric wire is tightly wrapped with a 2 mm thick plastic cover whose thermal conductivity is k= 0.15 W/m°C. Electrical measurements indicates that a current of 10A and voltage drop of 8V along the wire. If the insulated wire is exposed to a medium at T∞= 30C with h= 12 W/m2°C, determine the temperature at the interface of the wire and the plastic cover in steady operation. Also, determine whether doubling the thickness of the plastic cover will increase or decrease this interface temperature.
Answers
Answer:
According to the problem the diameter of the wire , r1
The outer diameter after wrapping , r2 = 7mm
The thickness of the plastic cover , t
Length of the wire = I
The Thermal conductivity of cover = = k
Current pass through the wire = I
Due to current passing voltage dropped, is V
The temperature = T
Heat transfer coefficient = h
The rate at which the heat is generated in the wire,
q= VI = 8 * 10 =80 Watt
Now for calculating the resistance for each medium .
x1 = 1/hA2 = 1/2 x 2π x 0.0035 x 5 = 0.76 K/ W
x2 = ln r2/r1/2πkl = ln 0.0035/0.0015 /2π 0.15 x 5 = 0.179 K/W
Therefore the total resistance ,
R = x1+x2 = 0.76 +0.179 = 0.939 K/W
Now to calculate the temperature at the interface of the wire,
q= R(T - t)
=> 80 = 0.939(T -30- 273)
T = 378.12 K
Critical radius is r(critical)
r(critical) = K/h = 0.15/12 = 0.0125 m or 12.5 mm
The posted speed limit is the highest speed that you are
permitted to drive unless
Answers
Hope this helps! Please make me the brainliest, it’s not necessary but appreciated, I put a lot of effort and research into my answers. Have a good day, stay safe and stay healthy.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
CV311 Geotechnical Engineering
You are required to construct an earth dam. Before beginning construction, why it is important for you to consider slope stability analysis. Also, state 2 causes of slope failures.
Answers
To minimize the risk of potential failure Slope stability analysis can help to minimize the risk of potential failure in your earth dam.
A slope stability analysis enables you to identify the critical slip surfaces and any adverse geological conditions that might compromise the stability of your earth dam.2. For an optimal design of the dam Slope stability analysis is crucial to ensure that your earth dam is optimally designed.
When you consider slope stability analysis, you can determine the best design of your earth dam to minimize the risk of slope failures and potential instability. Two causes of slope failures include:1. Human activities Human activities such as construction and mining can result in slope failures. This is because the earth's slope may have been altered or weakened, making it unstable and vulnerable to sliding, erosion, or collapse.
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In seismic areas, the most crucial requirement for precast concrete is:
1) not to build higher than two stories.
2) to tie elements together laterally.
3) to make ductile concrete beams.
O 4) to use only steel columns.
5)
precast concrete cannot be used in seismic zones.
Answers
Answer:
Option 2, In seismic areas, the most crucial requirement for precast concrete is to tie elements together laterally
Explanation:
In seismic areas, the in-plane lateral forces are very larger and hence in order to restrict the lateral movement governed by the lateral force, lateral ties are essential .
Specific design detailing such as interior and perimeter ties in the floors causes diaphragm behavior and hence distribute the load evenly without any movement.
Hence, option 2 is correct
Water flows at a rate of 10 ft3/s in a rectangular channel 5 ft wide by 1 ft deep. Which of the following statements apply?
a. The flow is subcritical
b. The flow is critical
c. The flow is supercritical
d. none
Answers
Answer:
c. The flow is supercritical
Explanation:
The supercritical flow of water is when the velocity is greater than the wave velocity. It is high flow velocity and the velocity is greater than the critical depth. The depth of water is denser when the flow is maintained at a certain level of velocity. The area is steep and slope is minimum so that the flow of water is supercritical.
Nate needs to replace the cable to his lamp. He is stripping it to connect it to the termils. What should he remember to do with the knife
Answers
Answer: i got you its d
Explanation:had the smae question as you
Where do you look
for leaks coming from
the differential of a car?
Answers
Answer:
the side of the cover and draining along the bottom.Apr 1, 2021
Explanation:
i talking turtle with a key on its back told me
b)
State the essential difference between a plain carbon steel
and an alloy steel
Answers
Answer:
Plain carbon steel has no or trace external elements while alloy steel has high amount of other elements.
Explanation:
Plain carbon steel has no or trace amount of other elements while alloy steel has high amount of other elements in their composition.
The presence of other elements in alloy steel improvise several physical properties of the steel while plain carbon steel has the basic properties.
pls discuss the concepts in which architectural forms/visuals correlate in the design process
Answers
Answer:
Visual connectivity refers to the tangible aspects of a space; extent to which a place can be viewed from other places. It is believed that the design properties of a spatial layout of an atrium leaves unobstructed views horizontally and vertically.
Explanation:
A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to?
Answers
Answer:
When a switch is in the "off" position the circuit is open. Electric charges cannot flow when a switch is in the off position.
Explanation:
A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to stop the flow of current.
What is a switch?A switch can be defined as an electrical component (device) that is typically designed and developed for interrupting the flow of current or electrons in an electric circuit.
This ultimately implies that, a switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to stop the flow of current.
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lists at least 6 units of measuring atmospheric pressure
Answers
Answer:
On my console displays for the ISS visiting vehicles, three units are used. The Americans use pounds per square inch (psi). The Russians use kilopascals (kPa). The Japanese use Torr - millimeters of mercury (mmHg). A fourth unit is simply the atmosphere, or multiples of it. So, for example, sea level air pressure (which is what we use onboard ISS) is defined as 1 atmosphere. That is equivalent to 14.7 psi, 101.3 kPa, or 760 mmHg.Here N represents newton which is SI unit of Force which is same as Kg.m/s2." role="presentation" style="display: inline-table; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">2.2.
m represent metre which is SI unit of length.
Kg represent Kilogram which is SI unit of Mass.
m2SI" role="presentation" style="display: inline-table; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">2SI2SI unit of Area.
Hope it helps.
Thanks.
Answer:
Pounds per square inch (psi)
Kilopascals (kPa)
Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
Pascal (Pa)
Megapascal (MPa)
Atmospheric pressure (atm)
Hope this helps!
Задание3 Напишите развернутый ответ на вопрос: «Почему непобедим тот народ, у которого «память корнями уходит в века?» (5-6 предложений)
Answers
(210-196) There is no mandatory rule in the NEC limiting the voltage drop on conductors, but the Code recommends that we consider its effect.(True/False)
Answers
The statement "(210-196) There is no mandatory rule in the NEC limiting the voltage drop on conductors, but the Code recommends that we consider its effect" is true because the National Electrical Code (NEC) does not have a mandatory rule for limiting voltage drop on conductors, but it does recommend considering its effect to ensure efficient and safe electrical installations.
The National Electrical Code (NEC) is a standard that provides guidelines and requirements for safe electrical installations in the United States. While the NEC provides rules and regulations on many aspects of electrical installations, it does not mandate a specific limit for voltage drop on conductors.
Voltage drop refers to the reduction in voltage that occurs as electrical current flows through a conductor, due to its resistance. Excessive voltage drop can result in reduced performance of electrical equipment and appliances, as well as increased energy consumption.
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How is the foundation for a skyscraper different from a house?
Answers
Answer:
Shallow foundations, often called footings, are usually embedded about a metre or so into soil. ... Another common type of shallow foundation is the slab-on-grade foundation where the weight of the structure is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface.
Explanation:
Because I said so.
The saturation of dissolved oxygen concentration of a stream is 9.1 mg,/l.. At a sewage outfall. the dissolved oxygen concentration of the stream is 8.0 mg/L. The stream has a reaeration rate constant of 4 /day and a deoxygenation rate constant of 0.1 /day. initial BOD ultimate in the mixture zone is 200 mg/L. The time after discharge at which the water will reach its minimum dissolved oxygen concentration is :__________
Answers
7.64 apply mesh analysis to determine il(t) in the circuit
Answers
Mesh analysis involves identifying mesh loops, applying KVL to each loop, and solving linear equations to find the mesh currents. Once these currents are known, il(t) can be calculated. This explanation, in 130 words, outlines the procedure to determine il(t) using mesh analysis.
To determine il(t) in the given circuit using mesh analysis, follow these steps:
1. Identify the mesh loops in the circuit and assign current variables (e.g., i1, i2) to each loop.
2. Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) around each loop, summing the voltage drops across the components.
3. For each loop, write down an equation representing KVL. Include passive elements, like resistors and inductors, with their respective impedance values.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear equations for the mesh current variables.
5. Determine il(t) using the obtained mesh current values.
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Identify the correct statements in the context of friction factors of laminar and turbulent flows
a) In turbulent flow, the tubes with rough surfaces have much higher friction factors than the tubes with smooth surfaces
b) In turbulent flow, the tubes with rough surfaces have much lower friction factors than the tubes with smooth surfaces.
c) In laminar flow, the friction factor is dependent on the surface roughness
d) In laminar flow, the friction factor is independent of the surface roughness.
Answers
Answer:
a) In turbulent flow, the tubes with rough surfaces have much higher friction factors than the tubes with smooth surfaces.
Explanation:
Turbulent flow is a type of fluid flow in which fluid will undergo irregular fluctuations. The tubes with rough surfaces have higher friction factors than the tubes with smooth surfaces. In laminar flow the effect of effect of surface roughness is negligible on friction factors.
what engineering challenges are needed to enhance virtual reality?
Answers
Engineering challenges that are needed to enhance virtual reality are resolution of video display, fast enough to refresh and update rates, wide field of view, reproduce sensations of sound, touch, and motion
What is virtual reality?In order to give the user an immersive sense of a virtual world, virtual reality (VR) uses pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays. Applications for virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), education (such as medical or military training), and business (such as virtual meetings).
The terms augmented reality and mixed reality, which are also sometimes referred to as extended reality or XR due to the nascence of the industry, are other distinct types of VR-style technology. However, definitions are currently changing as a result.
Standard virtual reality systems currently use multi-projected environments or virtual reality headsets to create lifelike images, sounds, and other sensations that mimic a user's actual presence in a virtual environment. The artificial world can be explored by someone using virtual reality equipment.
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work involved. This model is one that many of us use to calculate and record exam gradee. Instructions: 1) Calculate a percentage grade for each student based on 90 total points. 2) Use ViOOKUP to assign a ketter grade to each student based on the percentape grade. 3) Complete the grade distribution table using the COUNTIF function.
Answers
The instructions given provide an effective guide on how to calculate and record exam grades using the model. First, one must calculate a percentage grade for each student based on 90 total points.
Second, the VLOOKUP function is to be used to assign a letter grade to each student based on the percentage grade. Finally, the COUNTIF function can be used to complete the grade distribution table. In more than 100 words, this is how to go about each step.
Calculate Percentage Grade for Each Student based on 90 Total PointsTo calculate a percentage grade for each student, the following formula can be used:Percentage grade = (Points earned/Total points) x 100Therefore, to calculate a percentage grade for each student based on 90 total points, one will divide the points earned by each student by 90 and multiply the result by 100.
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the diameter for the main water supply pipe for a house is usually
Answers
We can see here that the diameter of the main water supply pipe for a house typically ranges from 3/4 to 1 inch.
What is diameter?Diameter refers to the line segment that passes through the center of a circle, sphere, cylinder, or any other circular object, connecting two points on its circumference.
It is the longest possible straight line segment that can be drawn within a given circle, dividing it into two equal halves.
Here is a table of the typical pipe diameters for different types of homes:
Type of Home Pipe Diameter
Single-family home 3/4 to 1 inch
Multi-family home 1 to 1-1/2 inches
Commercial building 1-1/2 to 2 inches
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Find the MPOS for the given K-map
Answers
(A' + B' + C') (A' + B' + C) (A + B + C') (A + B' + C) is the MPOS for the given K-Map.
What is the K-map formula?The number of input variables determines how many cells there are in the K-map, which is formally represented as two to the power of the number of variables, or 2n, If there are n input variables in total. Hence, a K-map with 4 (= 22) cells is needed in order to simplify a logical statement with two inputs.
What does Mcq use K-map for?The correct POS expression for creating a circuit to create the truth table can be created using a Karnaugh map.
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WILL MARK BRAINLIST I need help on this asap thanks
Determine the dimensions for T if T = M V^2 A / L^3 where M is a mass, V is a velocity, A is an area, and L is a length.
L / T
M
M L / T^2
M / (L T^2)
No dimensions
Answers
Explanation:
ask your dad please and use your brain
while performing a running compression test how should running compression compare to static compression
Answers
Answer:
The idle speed of a running compression should be between 50-75 PSI and that is about half of the static compression.
Explanation:
The Running or Dynamic compression is used to determine how well the cylinder in an engine is absorbing air, reserving it for the proper length of time, and releasing it to the exhaust. The static or cranking compression test is used to check the sealing of the cylinder. Before performing the running compression test, the static compression test is first performed to rule out other issues like bent valves.
The standard value for the static compression is given by;
Compression ratio * 14.7 = Manufacturers Specification
The running compression should always be half of the static compression.
Calculate the maximum value of shear flow, , in the web at a section 1m from the free end of the beam.
Answers
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Since no figure was given, I'll explain how to do this problem theoretically. The formula for shear flow is \(q=\frac{VQ}{I}\) where V is the shear force, Q is the moment of area (more on this later), and I is the moment of inertia.
The first step to solve this problem is to find the resultant internal forces of the beam. This can be done in several ways, but the easiest is to solve the beam statically and draw a shear diagram to determine the maximum shear force V.
The second step to solving this problem is to determine the location of the neutral axis of the cross section if it is not given. The formula for the neutral axis is \(NA = \frac{\sum y*A}{\sum A}\). The y in this equation represents the middle of the small shapes that the web is divided into. An I-beam can be thought of as 3 rectangles, while a T-beam can be thought of as 2. The A in this formula represents the area of each of the rectangles (an I-beam will have 3 of these and a T-beam will have 2).
The third step for this problem is to find the moment of inertia. There are several formulas for moment of inertia depending on the shape of the cross section. I-beam's and T-beams both can be thought of as multiple rectangles, so they have the same base formula of \(I=\frac{1}{12}bh^3\) where b is the base of the rectangles and h is the height. For I-beams, the easiest way to calculate moment of inertia is to think of the entire cross section as a big rectangle that had two smaller rectangles cut out of it. The formula for this moment of inertia becomes \(I=\frac{1}{12} b_{big}h^{3} _{big}-\frac{1}{6}b_{small}h^{3}_{small}\). Note that this form of moment of inertia already takes into account subtracting 2 small rectangles. For T-beams, this approach will not work, so the parallel axis theorem must be used. The moment of inertia for the T-beam becomes \(I=\frac{1}{12}b_{1} h^{3}_{1} +b_{1}h_{1}dy_{1}^{2} +\frac{1}{12}b_{2} h^{3}_{2} +b_{2}h_{2}dy_{2}^{2}\) where the terms with the subscript 1 represent the first rectangle and the terms with the subscript 2 represent the second rectangle. The dy terms represent the distance from the center of that specific rectangle to the neutral axis.
The fourth step for this problem is to find Q. The formula to find Q is \(Q=\sum y'A'\) where y' represents the distance from the neutral axis to the center of the "wanted" point and A' is the area of the rectangle that has the wanted point at its center. (This would be the area above or below the thickness (t) if you were solving for maximum shear \(\tau=\frac{VQ}{It}\)).
The last step for this problem is to substitute the found values into the formula for shear flow \(q=\frac{VQ}{I}\). V came from step 1, Q came from step 4, and I came from step 3.