The pathophysiology of Tetralogy of Fallot involves a combination of four heart defects that affect blood flow and oxygenation.
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac condition marked by four distinct structural abnormalities in the heart. Several structural abnormalities work together to cause this disease's pathophysiology: a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis (a constriction of the pulmonary outflow tract), an overriding aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle.
Because of these irregularities, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix, blood flow to the lungs is diminished, and the body does not receive enough oxygen. When blood is redirected from the right side of the heart to the left side without first travelling to the lungs to be oxygenated, cyanosis (a bluish colouring) develops.
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resembling a normal cigarette, electronic cigarettes use a battery-powered device to deliver a smokeless and odorless dose of
Resembling a normal cigarette, electronic cigarettes use a battery-powered device to deliver a smokeless and odorless dose of nicotine. The correct answer is option a.
Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes or vapes, are battery-powered devices that were originally designed as a smoking cessation aid for adult smokers. They work by heating and vaporizing a liquid solution (e-liquid or vape juice) that typically contains a mixture of nicotine, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and flavorings. The user inhales the resulting aerosol, commonly called vapor, which delivers a dose of nicotine to the lungs and simulates the sensation of smoking traditional tobacco cigarettes.
E-cigarettes are often marketed as a safer alternative to smoking because they do not produce the harmful tar and carbon monoxide that is generated by burning tobacco. However, they are not without risks, as the e-liquids may contain other potentially harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. In addition, e-cigarettes can still be addictive due to their nicotine content, and there is concern that they may serve as a gateway to smoking for young people who have never used tobacco products before.
E-cigarettes have gained popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. They are often marketed in a variety of flavors and styles that appeal to younger users, such as fruit, candy, and dessert flavors. However, the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand their potential risks and benefits.
So, the correct answer is option a. nicotine.
The complete question is -
Resembling a normal cigarette, electronic cigarettes use a battery-powered device to deliver a smokeless and odorless dose of ___.
a. nicotine
b. adrenaline
c. caffeine
d. glutamine
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When planning care for a child in pain, which principle should the nurse remember? The pain threshold in children is _____ that of adults.
a. higher than
b. more variable
c. the same as
d. not related to
When planning care for a child in pain, the nurse should remember that the pain threshold in children is more variable than that of adults. The correct answer is option b.
This means that children's responses to pain can vary greatly, and their perception of pain can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as age, developmental level, and previous experiences with pain.
It is important for the nurse to assess each child's individual pain experience and develop an appropriate plan of care based on that assessment.
Therefore, while planning care for a child in pain, the pain threshold in children is more variable than that of adults. The correct answer is option b.
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A toxicologist is taking samples trying to identify the specific poison involved in a sudden death incident at a restaurant
Where should he expect to find high concentrations of the poison?
A. urine
B. in the lungs
C. in the buttocks, in case someone gave the victim a shot
D. stomach contents
Answer:
the correct answer is
D. stomach contents.
Procedure 6-1 Coach Patients Regarding Health Maintenance Disease Prevention, and Treatment Plans while Considering Cultural Diversity Developmental Life Stages, and Communication Barriers
The healthcare provider coaches patients regarding health maintenance, disease prevention, and treatment plans while considering cultural diversity, developmental life stages, and communication barriers.
How does the healthcare provider coach patients regarding health maintenance?The healthcare provider engages in effective patient education to coach patients on various aspects of health maintenance, disease prevention, and treatment plans. They take into account the diverse cultural backgrounds of patients, understanding that cultural beliefs and practices may influence health behaviors and preferences.
They also consider developmental life stages, tailoring the information and approach to suit the specific needs of different age groups.
Moreover, the healthcare provider recognizes communication barriers that may exist, such as language differences, low health literacy, or limited access to healthcare resources. They employ appropriate strategies to overcome these barriers, such as using interpreters, providing culturally sensitive materials, and using plain language to enhance understanding.
By addressing cultural diversity, developmental life stages, and communication barriers, the healthcare provider ensures that patient education is inclusive, effective, and tailored to individual needs, promoting better health outcomes and patient engagement.
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Identify guidelines that assist the nurse with incorporating vital sign measurement into practice
delegate measurement of VS but is responsible for analyzing and interpreting significance and select appropriate interventions
control/minimize environmental factors
use systematic approach
collaborate with HCP to decide on frequency
use measurement to determine indications for meds admins
Analyze results
Verify and communicate significant changes with patients HCP
Develop teaching plan
know patients:
usual range of VS
medical history
equipment;
appropriate and functional
based on patients condition and characteristics
Guidelines for incorporating vital sign measurement into practice include delegating measurement, controlling environmental factors, using a systematic approach, collaborating with healthcare providers, analyzing results, and developing a teaching plan.
Guidelines for incorporating vital sign measurement into practice include:
Delegate measurement of vital signs but be responsible for analyzing and interpreting their significance and selecting appropriate interventions.
Control and minimize environmental factors that may influence vital signs.
Use a systematic approach to ensure accurate and consistent measurement.
Collaborate with healthcare providers to determine the frequency of vital sign assessment based on the patient's condition and needs.
Utilize vital sign measurements to determine indications for medication administration.
Analyze the results of vital sign measurements to identify any abnormalities or trends.
Verify and communicate significant changes in vital signs with the patient's healthcare provider.
Develop a teaching plan to educate patients about the importance of vital signs and their meaning.
Familiarize yourself with the patient's usual range of vital signs, medical history, and any relevant equipment needed for measurement.
Ensure that the equipment used for vital sign measurement is appropriate, functional, and properly calibrated.
By following these guidelines, nurses can effectively and accurately measure and interpret vital signs, contributing to patient assessment, monitoring, and overall care.
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What is the disadvantage of a connective tissue graft?
A significant disadvantage of a connective tissue graft is the requirement for harvesting tissue from a separate surgical site.
Connective tissue grafts are commonly used in periodontal procedures to treat gum recession and improve the aesthetics and stability of the gumline. However, they do have a disadvantage. One of the main drawbacks of a connective tissue graft is the need for a second surgical site. In this procedure, tissue is harvested from another area of the mouth, typically the palate, and transferred to the recipient site.
This means that the patient has to undergo two surgical procedures instead of one, which may increase discomfort, healing time, and the potential for post-operative complications. Despite this disadvantage, connective tissue grafts are still considered an effective treatment option for addressing gum recession and restoring gum health.
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Subjective: Here to follow up on her atrial fibrillation. No new problems. Feeling well. Medications are per medication sheet. These were reconstituted with the medications that she was discharged home on. Objective: Blood pressure is 110/64. Pulse is regular at 72. Neck is supple. Chest is clear. Cardiac normal sinus rhythm. Assessment: Atrial fibrillation, currently stable. Plan: 1. Prothrombin time to monitor long term use of anticoagulant. 2. Follow up with me in one month or sooner as needed if she has any other problems in the meantime. Will also check a creatinine and potassium today. What diagnosis code(s) are reported
Diagnosis code(s) are reported :
F03.90M25.511I11.9E11.9Diagnosis codeTo categorize and identify illnesses, disorders, symptoms, poisonings, negative effects of medications and chemicals, injuries, and other causes for patient contacts, diagnostic codes are employed in the medical field. Diagnostic coding is the process of converting textual descriptions of ailments, injuries, and diseases into codes that fall under a certain categorization.
In the clinical coding procedure for medical categorization, diagnostic codes are utilized with intervention codes. A medical classification expert such as a clinical coder or a health information manager assigns the diagnostic and intervention codes.
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Which of the following makes up 1 CPR Cycle?
Answer:
Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths
Thirty chest compressions which is followed by two rescue breaths are considered one CPR cycle.
What is CPR ?CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is defined as an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions, often combined with artificial ventilation, until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous circulation and breathing in a person with cardiac arrest.
Steps which are followed in CPR are as follows:
Call 911 or ask someone else.Lay the person on their back and open their airway.Check for breathing. If they are not breathing, start CPR.Do 30 chest compressions.Take two rescue breaths.repeat until an ambulance or automated external defibrillator (AED) arrivesCPR consists of the “4 Rs” which are Risk, Recognize, React and Resuscitate is associated with CPR including: Chain of Survival and Emergency Response System, angina, heart attack, cardiac arrest and defibrillation.
Thus, thirty chest compressions which is followed by two rescue breaths are considered one CPR cycle.
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What would be the combining form for the terms Tachycardic, Gastritis, or Intercostal?
Answer:
i d k
Explanation:
the_layer of the skin helps regulate our body temperature
Answer:
Dermis
Explanation:
the sweat glands of the dermis secrete sweat, which then evaporates on the surface of the skin.
Blake identifies as a woman, but she demonstrates both masculine, feminine, and androgynous styles in terms of clothes and interests. These demonstrations are an example of:
Gender expression
Gender Roles
Gender Stereotypes
Gender Schema
These demonstrations are an example of Gender expression
What is gender expression?Gender expression refers to the way in which a person expresses their gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, and other personal characteristics. It includes the external manifestation of an individual's gender identity, such as their dress, hairstyle, mannerisms, and social interactions.
The demonstrations that Blake shows in terms of clothes and interests are an example of gender expression. Gender expression refers to the way in which a person expresses their gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, and other personal characteristics. Blake's gender expression includes both masculine and feminine traits, which suggests that she is comfortable expressing her gender in a range of ways, rather than conforming to traditional gender stereotypes or roles. Gender roles are the societal expectations of behaviors and roles that are typically associated with being male or female. Gender stereotypes are oversimplified beliefs about the traits and behaviors that are associated with each gender. Gender schema refers to the cognitive framework that an individual uses to organize their perceptions of gender.
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the nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who recently had surgery for an abdominal perineal resection of the colon and creation of a colostomy. the nurse would instruct the client to notify the health care provider immediately if which condition develops?
if the disorder worsens who recently underwent abdominal perineal resection of the colon surgery had difficulty inserting the irrigation tubing.
What preventative actions should a nurse educate a client who has undergone a subtotal gastrectomy?Generally speaking, altering your diet following surgery can help prevent dumping syndrome. Eating fewer meals and avoiding foods high in sugar are two potential changes. You could require medicine or surgery for more severe cases of dumping syndrome.
When tending to a patient who has undergone abdominal surgery, what should the nurse concentrate on?When looking after a patient who has undergone abdominal surgery, what issue should the nurse concentrate on? recognizing bleeding symptoms. A thoracotomy patient who is postoperative is under the nurse's care.
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Question :-
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who recently had surgery for an abdominal perineal resection of the colon and the creation of a colostomy. Which condition will the nurse share with the client for when to call the healthcare provider immediately?
Intestinal cramps during fluid inflow
Difficulty inserting the irrigation tube
Passage of flatus during expulsion of feces
An inability to complete the procedure in one hour
Explain the contribution of cholinergic system in controlling different levels of activities
Answer: Respiration is altered during different stages of the sleep-wake cycle. We review the contribution of cholinergic systems to this alteration, with particular reference to the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MAchRs) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Available evidence demonstrates that MAchRs have potent excitatory effects on medullary respiratory neurones and respiratory motoneurones, and are likely to contribute to changes in central chemosensitive drive to the respiratory control system. These effects are likely to be most prominent during REM sleep, when cholinergic brainstem neurones show peak activity levels. It is possible that MAchR dysfunction is involved in sleep-disordered breathing, such as obstructive sleep apnea.
or
Cytokine production is necessary to protect against pathogens and promote tissue repair, but excessive cytokine release can lead to systemic inflammation, organ failure and death. Inflammatory responses are finely regulated to effectively guard from noxious stimuli. The central nervous system interacts dynamically with the immune system to modulate inflammation through humoral and neural pathways. The effect of glucocorticoids and other humoral mediators on inflammatory responses has been studied extensively in the past decades. In contrast, neural control of inflammation has only been recently described. We summarize autonomic regulation of local and systemic inflammation through the ‘cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway’, a mechanism consisting of the vagus nerve and its major neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, a process dependent on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit. We recapitulate additional sources of acetylcholine and their contribution to the inflammatory response, as well as acetylcholine regulation by acetylcholinesterase as a means to attenuate inflammation. We discuss potential therapeutic applications to treat diseases characterized by acute or chronic inflammation, including autoimmune diseases, and propose future research directions.
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Explanation:
Is this the correct order for neuron communication? true or false
Sensory -> Motor Neuron -> Brain -> Inter Neuron -> Reaction
the nursing instructor is guiding the several nursing students in caring for patients for iv therapy. which action by the nursing student warrants intervention by the instructor?
One action by a nursing student that would warrant intervention by the instructor during IV therapy care is the incorrect selection of the infusion site.
The choice of an appropriate infusion site is crucial to ensure safe and effective administration of intravenous medications or fluids. The nursing instructor should intervene if a student selects an inappropriate site, such as a site with phlebitis, infiltration, or existing complications like edema or infection.
Administering IV therapy requires knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and best practices to prevent complications. Students need to understand the principles of aseptic technique, proper site selection, and assessment of the patient's condition to make informed decisions. Choosing an incorrect infusion site can lead to adverse effects such as infiltration, extravasation, thrombosis, infection, or inadequate absorption of medications.
The nursing instructor should step in immediately to correct the student's action by providing guidance on proper site selection, emphasizing the importance of patient assessment, and reinforcing the importance of following evidence-based guidelines.
By intervening promptly, the instructor can prevent harm to the patient and ensure that students develop the necessary skills and knowledge to provide safe and effective IV therapy care.
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After reading the development of scientific medicine
what did find most interesting/shocking? A there any methods that
are still being used today?
The development of scientific medicine is one of the most significant events in the history of medicine, as it has led to the eradication of many infectious diseases and the development of new treatments for many other diseases and conditions.
Some of the methods that are still being used today in scientific medicine include:
1. Vaccination: Vaccination is a method of preventing infectious diseases by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and fight the disease. Vaccination has been used to prevent diseases such as polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox.
2. Antibiotics: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have been used to treat diseases such as pneumonia, strep throat, and urinary tract infections.
3. Surgery: Surgery is a medical specialty that involves the use of surgical techniques to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Surgery has been used to treat many diseases and conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and gastrointestinal disorders.
In conclusion, the development of scientific medicine has led to the discovery of many methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases that are still being used today. Vaccination, antibiotics, and surgery are some of the methods that have contributed significantly to the advancement of modern medicine.
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How often should adults have a tetanus booster quizlet?
Adults should have a tetanus booster injection or shots after every 10 years as recommended by the health care practitioners.
The toxoid vaccination tetanus vaccine, also called tetanus toxoid, is used to prevent tetanus. It is advised to administer five dosages during childhood and a sixth during adolescence. Almost everyone becomes immune after three treatments, however further doses every ten years are advised to maintain immunity. If the wound has broken your skin and you haven't had your tetanus shot in a while, you could need one.
The first two shots of the tetanus boosters or injections should be given within the gap of 4 weeks, but the third shot should be definitely given within 6-12 moths. And than the other shots should be given with gap of 10 years for lifetime.
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if a nursing assistant sees a resident who is not on his assignment sheet but who needs help, what should the NA do?
Answer:
An NA will receive assignments to perform tasks, care, and other duties for specific residents. If the NA sees a resident who needs helps even if the resident is not on their assigned sheet, the NA should provide the care.
Explanation:
Sorry if it does not explain that well.. I got this from Google... But at least I tryed.
The nursing assistant must give the needed care to them even if the resident is not being assigned in her area or assignment sheet.
Who is a nursing assistant?The person who assists with nursing duties in patient care including help with grooming, bathing, feeding, and activities of daily life is referred to as a nursing assistant.
As in the given scenario, the nursing assistant should give the needed care to them even if that resident is not being assigned in her area or assignment sheet.
Thus, this can be the way of treating the needy even in case where resident is not being assigned in her area or assignment sheet.
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5. when evaluating an exercise, evaluators record their observations in the exercise evaluation guide (eeg). observations that should be recorded include:
Answer:
The actual time required for exercise players to complete the critical tasks & resources utilized.
the immune system usually responds to _____ cells and molecules but not to _____ cells and molecules.
12. What does an affix do in medical terminology?
O A. Attaches meaning at the front of a word
OB. Modifies the meaning of the root
C. Combines the root with a vowel
O D. Provides the core meaning of a word
An affix modifies the meaning of the root, in medical terminology, it is a prefix or suffix hence option b is correct.
How prefixes or suffixes are used in medical terminology?In medical terms, suffixes are always used at the end of the word, which describes the meaning of the word. The suffix which generally used to indicate a test, procedure, specialty, function, condition/disorder, or status, for example, “ectomy” means removal.
An affix can change the meaning of the root word, which is the central word, if the 'un' prefix is used in the 'happy' word it means not happy.
Therefore, modifying the meaning of the root is the correct option.
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a patient to drink 300 mL bottle of a contrast drink for X-ray test he is able to drink 180 mL
what fraction portion of bottle he drink
what fraction portion of bottle remains
the patient drank 3/5 of the bottle and 2/5 of the bottle remains.
The patient is able to drink 180 mL out of a 300 mL bottle of a contrast drink for the X-ray test. To find the fraction portion of the bottle that he drank, we can divide the amount he drank by the total amount in the bottle:
Fraction portion of bottle he drank = 180 mL / 300 mL
Simplifying this fraction, we get:
Fraction portion of bottle he drank = 6/10
Therefore, the patient drank 6/10 or 3/5 of the bottle.
To find the fraction portion of the bottle that remains, we can subtract the fraction he drank from 1:
Fraction portion of bottle remains = 1 - 6/10
Simplifying this fraction, we get:
Fraction portion of bottle remains = 4/10
Therefore, 4/10 or 2/5 of the bottle remains after the patient drinks 180 mL.
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Which of the following is true of a living will? They allow patients to make decisions for themselves. The patient must agree to have invasive care. Health care facilities can choose to ignore them. They often ban the use of respirators.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Through a living will, a patient can make decisions for themselves.
They allow patients to make decisions for themselves is true about living will. Hence option 1 is correct.
What are patients?Patients are defined as a person who is receiving or has recently received medical attention. The word "patient" is not usually used to describe a person receiving medical attention due to issues with political correctness, human rights, and dignity.
A medical power of attorney is a legal instrument that enables a person to appoint a specific person known as an agent, surrogate, or proxy—to make health care decisions on their behalf in the event that they are unable to do so themselves. A decision you can make in advance to reject a particular kind of treatment at a later time is known as an advance decision.
Thus, they allow patients to make decisions for themselves is true about living will. Hence option 1 is correct.
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Which condition is considered the ultimate cause of death in the patient with diabetes?
a. Renal disease
b. Stroke
c. Cardiovascular disease
d. Cancer
The ultimate cause of death in patients with diabetes is often attributed to cardiovascular disease.
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various complications, including damage to blood vessels and the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease, such as heart disease and stroke, is a common complication of diabetes and is a leading cause of death in individuals with diabetes.
While renal disease, stroke, and cancer are all potential complications of diabetes, cardiovascular disease is particularly significant due to its high prevalence and impact on mortality in this patient population. Proper management of diabetes, including blood sugar control, lifestyle modifications, and regular medical monitoring, is crucial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications and improving overall health outcomes for individuals with diabetes.
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Dr. Martin asks you to retake Ms. Patel's pulse and respirations. You count her puise as 41 in 30 seconds and her
respirations 9 in 30 seconds. You would document the rate of these vital signs as:
We can confirm that when taking the pulse and respiration rates and measuring the numbers listed, we would document these vital signs as slightly elevated.
Why are these vitals elevated?This has to do with the normal resting rates for pulse and respirations in an individual. One would expect the pulse to be roughly 30 in 30 seconds, at 41 the rate is still within the normal rate but slightly elevated. The same is the case for the respirations, which should be closer to 6 in 30 seconds instead of 9.
Therefore, we can confirm that when taking the pulse and respiration rates and measuring the numbers listed, we would document these vital signs as slightly elevated.
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The resulting pain due to pleural fluid being unable to prevent friction between opposing pleura surfaces is known as
The resulting pain due to pleural fluid being unable to prevent friction between opposing pleura surfaces is known as pleurisy or pleuritic pain.
What is the pain called?Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, a thin membrane that covers the inside of the chest cavity and the outside of the lungs. A small amount of pleural fluid normally lubricates the pleura, enabling the lungs to move freely and painlessly during breathing.
However, pleural inflammation can disrupt or limit the generation of pleural fluid, which causes the inflamed pleural surfaces to rub against one another.
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The _______ is made up of all of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Answer:
peripheral nervous system
Explanation:
Peripheral nervous system consists of all of the body's nerves connected to the central nervous system.
What is Peripheral nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is outside the brain and spinal cord. It sends information from our body to our brain and executes brain directives to our body.
There are two main parts to the peripheral nervous system: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls the body's automatic processes and glands. Somatic nervous system (SNS): controls muscle movement and sends information from the ears, eyes, and skin to the central nervous system.
Meanwhile the brain and the spinal cord are the components that make up the central nervous system (CNS).
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How long does it take to become an anesthesiologist?
Answer:
12 to 14 years
Explanation:
What is the flow of blood through the heart?
Answer:
1. De-oxygenated blood from the superior & inferior vena cava empties into the right atrium
2. Through the tricuspid valve
3. Into right ventricle
4 Through pulmonary semi-lunar valve
5. Pulmonary artery (unique* carries de-oxygenated blood)
6. Lungs
7. Pulmonary veins (unique* carries oxygenated blood)
8. Left atrium
9. Through bicuspid valve/mitral valve
10. Left ventricle
11. Through Aortic semi lunar valve
12. Aorta
Explanation:
29. How are bloodborne disease being transmitted *
Answer:
Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other potentially infectious body fluids such as: semen. vaginal secretions. cerebrospinal fluid.
Explanation:
Answer:
Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other potentially infectious body fluids such as: semen. vaginal secretions. cerebrospinal fluid.