An essential material for photosynthesis is/are:
a. nitrogen
b. chlorophyll
c. chloroplasts

The muscles listed with their corresponding origin, insertion, synergist(s), antagonist(s), and action are as follows:

Iliocostalis (lateral)

Omohyoid – superior belly

Omohyoid – inferior belly

Spinalis (medial)

Flexor hallucis longus

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Zygomaticus minor

Vastus medialis

Longissimus (middle)

Splenius capitis

External oblique

Mentalis

Iliocostalis (lateral): Origin - iliac crest, Insertion - ribs, Synergist(s) - longissimus and spinalis muscles, Antagonist(s) - abdominal muscles, Action - extension and lateral flexion of the spine.

Omohyoid – superior belly: Origin - superior border of scapula, Insertion - hyoid bone, Synergist(s) - sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles, Antagonist(s) - sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, Action - depresses and retracts the hyoid bone.

Omohyoid – inferior belly: Origin - superior border of scapula, Insertion - clavicle, Synergist(s) - sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles, Antagonist(s) - sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, Action - depresses and retracts the hyoid bone.

Spinalis (medial): Origin - spinous processes of the vertebrae, Insertion - spinous processes of the vertebrae above, Synergist(s) - longissimus and iliocostalis muscles, Antagonist(s) - abdominal muscles, Action - extension and lateral flexion of the spine.

Learn more about muscles

brainly.com/question/29067690

#SPJ11

The Opposable toe is one of Ardipithecus ramidus' primordial characteristics.

A species of hominid known as Ardipithecus ramidus lived in the early Pliocene about 4.5 million years ago. The grasping or opposable big toe of Ardipithecus ramidus, which is specialized for mobility in trees, is a primordial characteristic of this species. The characteristics referred described as "primitive qualities" come from remote ancestors.

Humans and other primates have opposable thumbs. Additionally, several primates have opposable large toes that can be used similarly to an opposable thumb. Humans are the only primates without an opposable big toe. For movement in trees, where they can utilize it to hold trees while climbing, opposable big toes were developed. All previously known hominins lacked an opposable big toe, but Ardipithecus ramidus did.

To learn more about Ardipithecus ramidus :

https://brainly.com/question/28017727

#SPJ4

If an antibody that was formed to react with a specific virus also attacks liver cells, that is an example of autoimmunity.

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies healthy cells and tissues in the body as foreign and begins to attack them. This can lead to damage and inflammation in the affected areas. In the case of the liver, autoimmunity can result in conditions such as autoimmune hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis.

It is important to note that autoimmunity is different from an allergic reaction, in which the immune system reacts to a harmless substance as if it were harmful. Autoimmunity specifically involves the immune system attacking the body's own healthy cells and tissues.

Here you can learn more about autoimmunity

https://brainly.com/question/29649135#

#SPJ11

An independent organism is discovered that does not contain a nucleus. In all likely hood, it would be classified in the kingdom Monera. So option (a) is correct answer.

Monera is a kingdom of single-celled organisms that do not have a true nucleus. Bacteria are the most well-known examples of Monera. The Monera is a group of organisms that don't have a nucleus. They are single-celled and are prokaryotic. The cells have a simple structure and are mostly unicellular. They are found in a variety of habitats, including soil, water, and air.

They also play a very crucial role in the environment, acting as decomposers and fixing nitrogen, which is essential for plant growth. Monera is a kingdom of prokaryotes Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Prokaryotes are divided into two distinct groups: the bacteria and the archaea, which scientists believe have unique evolutionary lineages) that includes bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea.  So option (a) is correct answer.

To learn more about monera visit below link.

https://brainly.com/question/32329236

#SPJ11

Answer:

Punnet squares are in the file attached

2) 50%

3) Ww - H e t e r o zygous

BD - H e t e r o zygous

hh - h o m o zygous

4) White cow with black spots - Codominance

A flower that has pink petals... - Incomplete dominance

Answer:

sorry I think u got yr question incomplete.

Answer:

Organic Molecules

Elements in Living Cells. The most abundant element in cells is hydrogen (H), followed by carbon (C), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S).

Organic Molecules and Isomerism. Organic molecules in organisms are generally larger and more complex than inorganic molecules.

Biologically Significant Functional Groups.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

This substance thereby disrupts the formation of the initiation complex between mRNA and the bacterial ribosome, preventing the start of protein synthesis.

A monosubstituted aminocyclitol with a disaccharide connected makes up the pseudotrisaccharide streptomycin. 9–11 Streptomycin, in contrast to penicillin, inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The first aminoglycoside antibiotic, streptomycin, was first isolated from the bacteria Streptomyces griseus. It now primarily functions as a component of a multi-drug regimen used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. Multiple aerobic gram-negative bacteria are also susceptible to its extra activity.

To know more about streptomycin visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/13252018

#SPJ4

Cytochrome c is a protein found in the electron transport chain of all eukaryotes, The table shows the relative differences in cytochrome c amino acid sequences among several species.

These differences allow scientists to study evolutionary relationships between organisms, as the degree of similarity in the protein sequences reflects their shared ancestry. Cytochrome c is highly conserved throughout evolution due to its vital function in energy metabolism, meaning that even small changes in its sequence could have significant consequences on an organism's survival. Therefore, closely related species will have a higher degree of similarity in their cytochrome c sequences, while more distantly related species will exhibit greater differences.

By comparing the cytochrome c sequences across various species, researchers can construct phylogenetic trees, which are diagrams that depict the evolutionary relationships among organisms. This information can be used to determine the relatedness of species, trace evolutionary pathways, and gain insight into the origins and diversification of life on Earth. In summary, the table showing relative differences in cytochrome c among several species provides valuable information on evolutionary relationships, enabling scientists to better understand the interconnectedness and history of life on our planet.

Learn about cytochrome c here:

https://brainly.com/question/30261309

#SPJ11

In general, we are consciously aware of information transmitted along somatosensory pathways to the brain, and unconsciously aware of the information transmitted along viscerosensory pathways.

Somatosensory pathways carry sensory information from the body's surface, such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain, which are directly perceived by our conscious mind. We can actively perceive and respond to these sensations.

On the other hand, viscerosensory pathways transmit sensory information from internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system. While this information is essential for regulating bodily functions, it is not consciously perceived in the same way as somatosensory input.

We are not typically aware of the specific details of visceral sensations, as they are processed at an unconscious level to maintain homeostasis and bodily functions.

Know more about Somatosensory pathways here

https://brainly.com/question/31588087#

#SPJ11

has a sizable percentage of its npp devoted to secondary chemicals. This is due to the possibility of secondary chemicals, such as poisons and other chemical defences, aiding in the plant's herbivore defence.

The warm, swampy atmosphere may also encourage the development of bigger plants with more powerful roots that can help them anchor themselves and take up nutrients from the nutrient-rich soil. The plant can thrive under these circumstances by allocating a large part of NPP to the roots. Life on Earth depends on a wide variety of creatures called plants. Through the process of photosynthesis, they are primary producers that turn light, water, and carbon dioxide into energy. The development and reproduction of the plant are then fueled by this energy.

learn more about plants here:

https://brainly.com/question/13052059

#SPJ4

Answer:

Biofilms are slimy, glue-like membranes that are produced by microbes in order to colonize surfaces. They protect microbes from the body's immune system and increase their resistance to antibiotics

Answer:

C. Diffusion is the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Osmosis is a type of simple diffusion.

Osmosis is a type of diffusion bu just for water

The mutated DNA sequence #1, AUG UAG AAC CGC UGC UGA, transcribes into AUC UAG AAU CGC UGC ACU, not "The Red Dog Ate The Rat" or "The Fat Dog Ate The Rat."

During transcription, the DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). In this case, the DNA sequence is converted to its complementary RNA sequence, where thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA. The correct transcribed RNA sequence for the given mutated DNA sequence is AUC UAG AAU CGC UGC ACU. However, it is important to note that this RNA sequence does not directly translate into the provided phrases "The Red Dog Ate The Rat" or "The Fat Dog Ate The Rat." Translation is a separate process where mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize a protein based on the genetic code.

To learn more about DNA sequence, Click here:

https://brainly.com/question/23550833

#SPJ11

Answer:

Synapomorphy !!

Explanation:

An Eye with an lens is specified as a Synapomorphy .

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Distributed in both axial and appendicular areas of the body

Organelle I is the ribosome, which is responsible for protein synthesis. Organelle III is the mitochondrion, which is involved in energy transformation and energy production through cellular respiration.

Organelle I, which is labeled as the ribosome, is responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are involved in the process of translation, where they read the mRNA (messenger RNA) and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, ultimately forming proteins.

Organelle III, which is not specified in the question, cannot be identified based on the provided information. However, if we assume it refers to mitochondria (as labeled with Roman numeral VI), then its function is energy production.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are involved in cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of the cell.

Therefore, the correct functions for organelle I (ribosome) are protein synthesis, and for organelle III (mitochondria) are energy production.

For more such answers on Protein synthesis

https://brainly.com/question/13022587

#SPJ8

The answer is Each yeast cell has 24 FG of DNA during the G1 phase. When yeast cells are in nutrient-poor environments, they have original genetic material before they reach the meiotic phase.

Cells are in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when they are transferred to the nutrient-deficient medium. Some characteristics of stationary G0 cells, such as low metabolic rates, are shared by these cells in DNA. In comparison to the desiccation-sensitive G1 cells in DNA, they were likewise quite young. Although stationary-phase cells had a greater amount of condensation than log-phase cells, they nevertheless had a similar percentage of chromosome-condensed cells. Additionally resistant to desiccation were these stationary cells with condensed chromosomes. The majority of desiccation-tolerant cells, however, do not have DNA that has condensed chromosomes. We hypothesize that the log-phase cells' condensed chromosomes may be a special trait that evolved to withstand sudden, unforeseen changes in the environment.

The full question is Most of the yeast cells in the culture were in G1 of the cell cycle before being moved to the nutrient-poor medium. (a) How many femtograms of DNA are there in each yeast cell in G1? (b) How many femtograms of DNA should be present in each cell in G2? At the end of meiosis I (MI)? At the end of meiosis II (MII)? (c) Using these values as a guideline, distinguish the different phases by inserting vertical dashed lines in the graph between phases and label each phase (G1, S, G2, MI, MII). You can figure out where to put the dividing lines based on what you know about the DNA content of each phase. (d) Think carefully about the point where the line at the highest value begins to slope downward. What specific point of meiosis does this “corner” represent? What stage(s) correspond to the downward-sloping line?

To learn more about DNA please click on the given link: https://brainly.com/question/14315652

#SPJ4

According to the research, in photosynthesis, through the light-dependent reactions energy is contained in the NADPH and ATP molecules that is used by light-independent reactions.

It is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy which, stored in cells, allows the formation of carbohydrates and other organic molecules.

In this sense, the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids whose chemical energy is comprised of molecules of two types NADPH and ATP.

On the other hand, light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast matrix with the intervention of enzymes that intervene in the reduction of CO2 molecules to establish carbohydrates through the energy sources ATP and NADPH.

Therefore, we can conclude that the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis manufacture ATP and the reducing source NADPH necessary for light-independent reactions.

Learn more about photosynthesis here: https://brainly.com/question/14090371

#SPJ1

Answer: 100 because A is dominant

Explanation:

Explanation:

is it AA and aa

or Aa and aa

Answer:

nucleus

Explanation:

Answer:

These nation you've stated ofcourse are still a developing nation, therefore its population are majority young in around 6-18 due to lack of literacy and alot of people are in poverty

Explanation:

In the ferret experiment from MIT where both the inferior colliculus and superior colliculus were lesioned, the auditory cortex responded to visual stimuli, indicating that there was cross-modal plasticity. Therefore, the correct answer is option c.

In the MIT ferret experiment, researchers aimed to investigate the effect of lesions in the inferior and superior colliculus regions of the brain on the neural response to sensory stimuli. They found that ferrets with lesions in both regions showed cross-modal plasticity, where the auditory cortex responded to visual stimuli. This indicated that the brain had reorganized itself to compensate for the loss of sensory input from the damaged regions.

The findings of this study have important implications for our understanding of the brain's ability to adapt to changes in sensory input and for the development of therapies for individuals with sensory impairments. It suggests that the brain is capable of reorganizing itself in response to changes in sensory input, and that this reorganization can occur at multiple levels of the neural circuitry. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of considering multiple brain regions when studying the processing of sensory information and the potential for cross-modal interactions between sensory modalities.

Know more about auditory cortex here:

https://brainly.com/question/4469676
#SPJ11

A cloud cover symbol that is three-quarters black and one-quarter white represents cloudy weather.

A cloud cover symbol that is three-quarters black and one-quarter white represents cloudy weather.

A cloudy weather is a weather in which the sky is covered with heavy clouds which can reduce sunlight and lower visibility.

This symbols indicate that the sky is covered by mostly thick clouds, with some breaks or lighter areas in the cloud cover.

This type of cloud cover can be associated with a range of weather conditions including rain, snow, or general overcast skies depending on the location and time.

Learn more about cloudy weather below.

https://brainly.com/question/26903526

3SPJ1

Cells normally regulate the rate of an enzymatic reaction by changing the concentration of an enzyme.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in cells. Cells regulate enzymatic reactions by altering the concentration of the enzyme.

This can be done through processes such as synthesis or degradation of the enzyme, or by modulating the enzyme's activity through post-translational modifications or binding of regulatory molecules.

By changing the concentration of an enzyme, the cell can effectively control the rate of the reaction to meet its metabolic needs.

Cells control enzymatic reaction rates by modulating the concentration of the enzyme, allowing for efficient regulation of metabolic processes.

For more information on enzyme kindly visit to

https://brainly.com/question/30099724

#SPJ11

The muscle triad consists of two adjacent SR terminal cisterns and one intervening T tubule. The T tubule is a cell membrane fold located between the sarcoplasmic reticuli.

               The triad is a skeletal muscle substructure that regulates excitation-contraction coupling. It is formed by the T-tubule and the terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum coming together. A growing number of skeletal myopathies, known as triadopathies, are caused by gene mutations in triad components.

              At their core, these disorders are caused by flaws in excitation contraction coupling and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Secondary triad structure and/or function abnormalities have been reported in several muscle diseases, most notably certain muscular dystrophies.

          This review summarises current knowledge of both primary and secondary triadopathies and identifies key concepts that have yet to be fully addressed in the field. The review focuses on the pathogenesis of triadopathies as well as potential treatments.

            Triads serve as the anatomical foundation for excitation-contraction coupling, which occurs when a stimulus excites the muscle and causes it to contract. A positively charged current is sent from the neuromuscular junction down the length of the T tubules, activating dihydropyridine receptors.

To learn more about muscle triad refer :

https://brainly.com/question/15293359

#SPJ4