An equal-tangent crest vertical curve is designed for 50 mi/h. The initial grade is 3.6% and the final grade is negative. What is the elevation difference between the PVC and the high point of the curve
Answers
The elevation difference cannot be found without knowing the length of curve.
An equal-tangent crest vertical curve is designed for 50 mi/h. The initial grade is 3.6% and the final grade is negative.
The elevation difference between the PVC (Point of Vertical Curve) and the high point of the curve can be calculated using the given information.
Let us first define some terminologies used in vertical curves:
PVC (Point of Vertical Curves): The PVC of a crest curve is the point at which the two gradient lines meet. The PVC of a sag curve is the point at which the two gradient lines change direction.
PVT (Point of Vertical Tangency): The PVT is the point on the curve at which the slope changes from increasing to decreasing on a crest curve, or from decreasing to increasing on a sag curve. It is also the point at which the gradient of the vertical curve is zero.
VPI (Vertical Point of Intersection): It is the point where the grade lines meet. It is also the lowest point of a sag curve, or the highest point of a crest curve.The formula for the elevation difference between the PVC and the high point of the curve is given by the equation below:
ΔE = (L/2) × [(G1² - G2²)/ (2f)]
Where:ΔE is the vertical distance between the high point and PVC. L is the length of the curve.G1 is the initial grade. G2 is the final grade f is the design speed/85 for crest curves.
The formula for elevation difference can be rewritten as follows to suit the information given in the question,
ΔE = (L/2) × [(G1² - G2²)/ (2f)]
Here, G1 = 3.6%, G2 = negative, and f = 50 miles/hour or 50*5280/3600 feet/sec.
We don't know L or ΔE. To solve for ΔE, we need to determine L and plug in all the values available to calculate it. Therefore, it is impossible to determine the elevation difference without knowing the length of the curve.
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Related Questions
The abbreviation for the plastic pipe used in hot and cold water supply systems is:____.
Answers
The abbreviation for the plastic pipe used in hot and cold water supply systems is PEX.
PEX stands for cross-linked polyethylene, which is a type of plastic material commonly used in plumbing systems for hot and cold water supply. It has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its numerous advantages over traditional piping materials.
PEX pipes are highly flexible, making them easier to install compared to rigid pipes like copper or PVC. The flexibility allows for simpler routing and bending around obstacles, reducing the need for additional fittings and joints. This not only saves time during installation but also minimizes the risk of leaks since fewer connections are required.
In addition to its flexibility, PEX pipes are also resistant to corrosion and scale buildup. Unlike metal pipes, PEX does not rust or corrode over time, ensuring a longer lifespan for the plumbing system. The smooth interior surface of PEX pipes also helps prevent mineral deposits and scale formation, which can restrict water flow and affect performance.
Another advantage of PEX is its ability to withstand high temperatures. It is suitable for both hot and cold water applications, making it a versatile choice for residential and commercial plumbing systems. PEX pipes have excellent thermal conductivity, meaning they retain heat more effectively than metal pipes, resulting in less heat loss during water transportation.
Furthermore, PEX is known for its durability and resistance to freezing. It can expand and contract without cracking, making it ideal for regions with cold climates. This feature reduces the risk of burst pipes during freezing temperatures, providing added peace of mind for homeowners.
In conclusion, the abbreviation for the plastic pipe used in hot and cold water supply systems is PEX. PEX pipes offer flexibility, corrosion resistance, scale resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and durability. These characteristics make PEX a reliable and efficient choice for modern plumbing installations.
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Assume:
A = 1101 0011 1111 0110
B = 0110 1101 1101 1110
Write the series of operations necessary to pack A into B (and store the result in C), where the 8 lowest order bits of B are stored in the 8 highest order bits of C, and the 8 highest order bits of A are stored in the 8 lowest order bits of C.
Answers
To pack A into B and store the result in C, the following operations can be performed.
What is the explanation for the above response? Perform a logical shift right on A by 8 bits, which will result in 0000 0000 1101 0011.Perform a logical shift left on B by 8 bits, which will result in 1011 0110 1101 1110.Perform a logical OR operation between the results of step 1 and step 2, which will result in 1011 0110 1111 1110.Perform a logical shift left on A by 8 bits, which will result in 0000 0000 0000 0000.Perform a logical shift right on B by 8 bits, which will result in 0000 0000 0110 1101.Perform a logical OR operation between the results of step 4 and step 5, which will result in 0000 0000 0110 1101.Perform a logical OR operation between the results of step 3 and step 6, which will result in C = 1011 0110 1111 1110 0000 0000 0110 1101.Learn more about operations at:
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Suppose you have measured the percentage of encryption to be 20% in the original execution. The hardware design group estimates it can speed up the encryption hardware even more with significant additional investment. You wonder whether adding a second unit in order to support parallel encryption operations would be more useful. Imagine that in the original program, 60% of the encryption operations could be performed in parallel. What is the speedup of providing two or four encryption units, assuming that the parallelization allowed is limited to the number of encryption units? Note: using two encryption units can get speedup of 20 on the encryption operation portion that can be parallelized and get speedup of 10 on the operation portion that cannot be parallelized.
Answers
Answer:
If 60% of the encryption operations can be performed in parallel in the original program, then adding a second unit would provide a speedup of 20 on the encryption operation portion that can be parallelized. This is because the second unit allows for the parallel execution of the encryption operations, resulting in a reduction of the execution time.
On the other hand, if the parallelization is limited to the number of encryption units, providing four encryption units would provide a speedup of 10 on the operation portion that cannot be parallelized. This is because the addition of two more units would not increase the parallelization of the encryption operations that are not parallelizable.
Therefore, if the goal is to speed up the encryption operation as much as possible, adding a second unit to support parallel encryption operations would be more useful as it would provide a speedup of 20 on the encryption operation portion that can be parallelized.
The addition of a second unit to facilitate parallel encryption operations would be more beneficial if the goal is to accelerate the encryption process.
What are encryption units?If 60% of the encryption processes in the original program can be carried out in parallel, adding a second unit would result in a speedup of 20 for that portion of the encryption procedures that can be parallelized.
This is so that the execution time can be decreased by doing the encryption procedures in parallel using the second unit.
The provision of four encryption units would result in a 10x speedup on the operation portion that cannot be parallelized, however, assuming the number of encryption units is the only constraint on parallelization.
This is so that the parallelization of the encryption processes that cannot be parallelized would not be increased by the addition of two more units.
Therefore, if the intention is to speed up the encryption process, adding a second unit to enable parallel encryption operations would be more advantageous.
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What happens to the speed of light if the IOR increases?
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thermal energy measured by?
Answers
Answer:
Thermal energy is measured using a thermometer denominated in Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin
When a ship arrives at a harbor, it is docking at one of six berths. If all six berths are occupied, the ship leaves the harbor immediately. After docking at a berth, the ship waits for the unloading service of a single crane. The crane unloads the ships in a First-In-First-Out discipline. After unloading, the ship leaves the harbor immediately. Define the system state at time t as [U(t),C(t)], where U(t)= number of ships waiting to be unloaded or being unloaded C(t)= number of busy cranes ( 0 or 1 ) Let [u,c] be the current state of the system. Define events and write the corresponding state transitions
Answers
The given problem describes a docking system of ships at a harbor. When a ship arrives at the harbor, it docks at one of six berths. If all six berths are occupied, the ship leaves the harbor immediately. After docking, the ship waits for the unloading service of a single crane. The crane unloads the ships in a First-In-First-Out discipline.
After unloading, the ship leaves the harbor immediately. The system state at time t is defined as [U(t),C(t)] where U(t) represents the number of ships waiting to be unloaded or being unloaded and C(t) represents the number of busy cranes (0 or 1). Let [u, c] be the current state of the system.
Now, the state transitions can be defined as follows:
Events:
1. A ship arrives at the harbor and all berths are occupied
2. A ship arrives at the harbor and some berths are empty
3. A crane becomes available
4. A ship finishes unloading and leaves the harbor
State transitions:
1. If [u, c] = [6, 1], the ship leaves the harbor immediately. The system state remains [6, 1].
2. If [u, c] = [6, 0], the ship leaves the harbor immediately. The system state remains [6, 0].
3. If [u, c] = [0, 0], the system state becomes [0, 1].
4. If [u, c] = [n, 0] (where n is less than 6), the system state becomes [n+1, 0].
5. If [u, c] = [n, 1] (where n is less than 6), the system state becomes [n, 1].
6. If [u, c] = [1, 1], the system state becomes [0, 1].
7. If [u, c] = [n, 1] (where n is greater than 1), the system state becomes [n-1, 1].
8. If [u, c] = [0, 1], the system state remains [0, 1].
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the crevice volume area of a diesel engine's piston is responsible for _____________ of the engines hydrocarbon emmissions.
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The crevice volume area of a diesel engine's piston is responsible for the emission of hydrocarbons (HC) into the environment. The HC emissions occur due to incomplete combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber.
Hydrocarbons are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They react with other pollutants in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level ozone. HC is a significant contributor to smog formation, which is a serious environmental problem in urban areas.
Therefore, reducing crevice volume is one of the most critical ways to reduce hydrocarbon emissions. This can be accomplished by reducing the size of the crevice, which can be accomplished by using advanced piston ring designs, piston bowls, and piston crowns that minimize crevice volume and thus reduce hydrocarbon emissions.
Therefore, to keep the environment safe and to lessen the harmful effects of air pollution, it is essential to focus on reducing hydrocarbon emissions, especially from the crevice volume of diesel engines.
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Which of the following would be useful to the building of a skyscraper? (Select all that apply.)
steep grading
deep foundation
wide footing
large footprint
Answers
Answer:
steep grading
Explanation:
the farthest
5. Refrigeration refers to space temperatures that are below
What the correct answer?
Answers
Explanation:
The term refrigeration means cooling a space, substance or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is rejected at a higher temperature). In other words, refrigeration is artificial (human-made) cooling.
Refrigeration, is the act of removing undesirable heat from one thing, substance, or space and transferring it to another object, substance, or space.
What is refrigeration?Refrigeration refers to the process of chilling an area, material, or system in order to decrease and or keep its temperature below that of the surrounding environment.
Refrigeration, sometimes known as chilling, is the act of removing undesired heat from one item, substance, or area and transferring it to another.
The temperature can be lowered by using ice, snow, cooled water, or mechanical refrigeration to remove heat.
Hence,refrigeration, is the act of removing undesirable heat.
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Which of the following choices accurately contrasts a categorical syllogism with a conditional syllogism?
An argument constructed as a categorical syllogism uses deductive reasoning whereas an argument constructed as a conditional syllogism uses inductive reasoning.
A categorical syllogism contains two premise statements and one conclusion whereas a conditional syllogism contains one premise statement and one conclusion.
A categorical syllogism argues that A and B are both members of C whereas a conditional syllogism argues that if A is true then B is also true.
An argument constructed as a categorical syllogism is valid whereas an argument constructed as a conditional syllogism is invalid.
Answers
Answer:
The correct option is - A categorical syllogism argues that A and B are both members of C whereas a conditional syllogism argues that if A is true then B is also true.
Explanation:
As,
Categorical syllogisms follow an "If A is part of C, then B is part of C" logic.
Conditional syllogisms follow an "If A is true, then B is true" pattern of logic.
So,
The correct option is - A categorical syllogism argues that A and B are both members of C whereas a conditional syllogism argues that if A is true then B is also true.
please i want a clear procedure for No load and woth load DC motor
series
Answers
A DC motor is a motor that runs on direct current and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
The two basic types of DC motors are shunt and series.
The series motor's characteristics vary with the load on it.
These are the steps for testing a DC motor:1. Disconnect the motor from the drive and power supply so that it can be examined.
The motor is subjected to a visual inspection first.
2. For proper ventilation and a free flow of air around the motor's exterior, clean the surface.
To prevent accidents, the motor is locked out before it is opened for inspection.
3. In the winding connection box, examine all connections. Look for loose, broken, or discolored connections.
When necessary, tighten all connections.
To avoid any connection breakdowns, use a torque wrench.
4. Examine the commutator and brushes after the field connections have been checked.
Remove the brushes and inspect the commutator's surface for wear and discoloration.
To ensure that they fit properly, replace any defective brushes.
5. Check the motor for continuity, ground fault, and insulative breakdown.
When checking for continuity, use a multimeter to test for continuity between each wire.
6. The motor's armature must be checked for balancing after it has been rewound.
To prevent damage to the bearings and other parts, balance the armature.
7. Run the motor without a load to check for any mechanical defects or strange noises.
8. Connect the motor to a load and observe the performance of the motor.
For a series motor, the performance characteristics will vary with load changes.
A series motor has the characteristics of a high starting torque and a low running speed because of its high armature resistance.
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Which of the following is the best analogy for the relationship between an equipment operator and the signal person?
The signal person is like the eyes and the equipment operator is like the hands.
The signal person is like the heart and the equipment operator is like the brain.
The signal person is like the arms and the equipment operator is like the legs.
The signal person is like the head and the equipment operator is like the tail.
Answers
Answer:
The signal person is like the eyes and the equipment operator is like the hands.
Explanation:
Heat-absorbing glass was developed to block more of Solar Radiation than light. True False
Answers
List four reasons why we need aceuracy in machined parts.
Answers
Answer:
If your equipment is well maintained, it's less likely to breakdown, which leads to increased uptime, more working hours for the equipment, fewer repair costs, and therefore increased revenue.
Explanation:
FAULT LOCATION METHODS(input-output)
Answers
Fault location techniques are used in power systems for accurate pinpointing of the fault position.
This paper presents a comparative study between two fault location methods in distribution network with Distributed Generation (DG). Both methods are based on computing the impedance using fundamental voltage and current signals. The first method uses one-end information and the second uses both ends
Waste cooking oil is to be stored for processing by pouring it into tank A, which is connected by a manometer to tank B. The manometer is completely filled with water. Measurements indicate that the material of tank B will fail and the tank will burst if the air pressure in tank B exceeds 18 kPa. To what height h can waste oil be poured into tank A? If air is accidentally trapped in the manometer line, what will be the error in the calculation of the height?
Answers
KINDLY NOTE that there is a picture in the question. Check the picture below for the picture.
==================================
Answer:
(1). 1.2 metres.
(2). There is going to be the same pressure.
Explanation:
From the question above we can take hold of the statement Below because it is going to assist or help us in solving this particular Question or problem;
" Measurements indicate that the material of tank B will fail and the tank will burst if the air pressure in tank B exceeds 18 kPa."
=> Also, the density of oil = 930
That is if Pressure, P in B > 18kpa there will surely be a burst.
The height, h the can waste oil be poured into tank A is;
The maximum pressure = height × acceleration due to gravity × density) + ( acceleration due to gravity × density × height, j).
18 × 10^3 = (height, h × 10 × 930) + 10 × (2 - 1.25) × 1000.
When we make height, h the Subject of the formula then;
Approximately, Height, h = 1.2 metres.
(2). If air is accidentally trapped in the manometer line, what will be the error in the calculation of the height we will have the same pressure.
A DHCPINFORM request sent by a client will receive what message number from a DHCP server as an acknowledgment?
a. 7
b. 6
c. 8
d. 5
Answers
DHCPINFORM request sent by a client will receive message number 2 from a DHCP server as an acknowledgment. So none of the option is correct.
DHCPINFORM is a message type in the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) used by DHCP clients to obtain network configuration information without requesting an IP address lease.
When a DHCP client sends a DHCPINFORM message, it requests additional configuration parameters from the DHCP server, such as domain name, DNS servers, and time servers.
The DHCP server acknowledges the DHCPINFORM message by sending a DHCPACK message to the client, which includes the requested configuration information.
According to the DHCP protocol specification, the message type code for DHCPACK is 2.
Therefore, a DHCPINFORM request sent by a client will receive message number 2 from a DHCP server as an acknowledgment.
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Given the binary number 11011011
What is its
Unsigned binary Number ?
Answers
Answer:
219
Explanation:
Unsigned binary number (base two) 1101 1011 converted to decimal system (base ten) positive integer = 219.
Answer:219
Explanation:128+64+16+8+2+1
Using Raoult’s law, estimate the boiling temperature and mole fractions in the vapor phase that is in equilibrium with a liquid having 0.2608 mol fraction of ethanol, in a mixture ethanol/water at P = 1 atm.
If possible, solve non-numerically.
Answers
Answer:
\(T=92.16 \°C\)
\(y_{et}=0.433\\\\y_w=0.567\)
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the Raoult's law for this problem is:
\(y_{et}P=x_{et}P_{et}^{sat}\\\\y_{w}P=x_{w}P_{w}^{sat}\)
Which can be written as:
\(P=x_{et}P_{et}^{sat}+x_{w}P_{w}^{sat}\)
Thus, by using the Antoine equation, we can symbolically represent the the temperature at which such mixture boil:
\(1atm=0.2608*10^{(8.13484-\frac{ 1662.48}{238.131+T})}/760+0.7392*10^{(5.40221-\frac{1838.675}{-31.737+T-273.15})}/1.01325\)
The solution, by numerical iteration process (there is not way to solve it analytically) is 92.16 °C considering the data extracted from NIST database. Next, vapor fractions are:
\(y_{et}=x_{et}*10^{(8.13484-\frac{ 1662.48}{238.131+T})}/760/P\\\\y_{et}=0.2608*10^{(8.13484-\frac{ 1662.48}{238.131+92.16})}/760/1atm\\\\y_{et}=0.433\\\\y_w=1-y_{et}=1-0.433\\\\y_w=0.567\)
Regards.
which of the following statements are true in the context of steady conduction through a plane wall?(check all that apply.)
Answers
Heat is transferred into walls at the same rate as it is removed from them. Heat is transferred into walls at the same rate as it is removed from them. Conduction takes place. The wall conducts heat more quickly into it than it conducts heat out of it.
The wall conducts heat more quickly into it than it conducts heat out of it. The wall's energy composition changes. Heat energy is transferred through the mechanism of conduction when nearby atoms or molecules collide. In solids and liquids, where particles are more closely spaced, conduction happens more easily than in gases, where particles are more widely spaced.
The act of heating a skillet on a stovetop is a typical illustration of conduction. The surface of the pan receives heat directly from the burner. The amount of kinetic energy that the particles in a sample of matter have converted to heat is measured by temperature.
When two objects with different surface temperatures come into contact, conduction takes place. At the point of contact, energy is transferred directly from the material in the hotter object to the material in the cooler item. Conduction is one method of transferring heat, and an example of this is a metal pot used to boil water on a stovetop.
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Which of the following statements are true in the context of steady conduction through a plane wall? (Select all that apply)
A) The rate of heat transfer into the wall is equal to the rate of heat transfer out of it.
B) The rate of heat transfer into the wall is greater than the rate of heat transfer out of it.
C) The energy content of the wall changes.
D) The energy content of the wall does not change.
When a customer goes to shop in a supermarket, he/she starts by filling all the items they need on the trolley. The customer then pushes the trolley to the trolley to the cashier who calculates the total cost of all the items and presents the same o the customer. Thereafter, the customer may decide to pay in cash or present a card. The credit card is then swiped by the cashier through a card reader that debits the same amount from the customer’s account. The cashier then returns the card to the customer. represent the above using a use-case diagram
Answers
A Use-Case Diagram (UCD)refers to all the possible interactions that a person or one system can possibly have with another system, represented in a graphical format.
There are four main constituents of a use-case diagram. They are:
The actors who interact with the systemthe systemthe use cases andthe lines that represent the relationshipsUCDs are used to
capture the requirements of a systemacquire the external persons' point of viewidentify risk factors associated with a project.See the attached picture and the link below for more about Use-Case Diagrams:
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The sections of piping immediately upstream and downstream of a primary flow measuring device are known as
Answers
The sections of piping immediately upstream and downstream of a primary flow measuring device are known as the "straight run."
The straight run refers to the lengths of piping that are required to be present immediately upstream and downstream of a primary flow measuring device. These sections of piping are necessary to ensure that the flow profile is fully developed and unaffected by any disturbances caused by bends, fittings, or obstructions in the pipe. The straight run allows the fluid to flow smoothly and uniformly before entering or exiting the flow measuring device, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements.
By providing sufficient straight run lengths, the flow profile becomes stable, minimizing turbulence and disturbances that could impact the accuracy of the flow measurement.
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Задание3 Напишите развернутый ответ на вопрос: «Почему непобедим тот народ, у которого «память корнями уходит в века?» (5-6 предложений)
Answers
six 20 watt, 12 volt luminaires are supplied from a small, 12 volt transformer that is 60 feet away from the fixtures. the wire used is 14 awg. what is the voltage applied to the fixtures
Answers
If six 20 watt, 12 volt luminaires are supplied from a small. The voltage applied to the fixtures is: 8.61 volts.
Voltage applied to the fixturesFirst step is to find the amperes using this formula
I = P ÷ E
Where:
I =load current (amperes)=?
P =Product of voltage=(6)(20)
E =Electrical circuit's=12
Let plug in the formula
I= (6)(20) ÷ 12
I=120÷12
I= 10 amps
Second step is to determine the Voltage drop using this formula
Vd = [2KIL] ÷ CMA
Where:
Vd = Voltage drop( volts)=?
K= Direct current constant=11.6
I = Load current (amperes)= 10 amps
L = Length in feet=60 feet
CMA = Circular mill area= 4110
Let plug in the formula
Vd = [(2)(11.6)(10)(60)] ÷ 4110
Vd =13,920÷4110
Vd = 3.3869 volts
Third step is to find Voltage at fixture using this formula
Voltage at fixtures=Electrical circuit's-Voltage drop
Voltage at fixtures=12 - 3.3869
Voltage at fixtures=8.6131 volts
Voltage at fixtures=8.61 volts (Approximately)
Therefore 8.61 volts is the voltage applied to the fixtures.
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How is symmetry related to rigid transformations?
Answers
Answer: (read explanation)
Explanation:
Symmetry and rigid transformations are related in that symmetry is a type of rigid transformation. A rigid transformation is a type of transformation in geometry in which the shape of an object is preserved after the transformation is applied. This means that the distances between all points on the object remain the same, and the angles between those points are also unchanged.
Symmetry is a specific type of rigid transformation that involves a reflection, rotation, or translation of an object such that the resulting image is congruent to the original. In other words, symmetry is a type of transformation in which an object is mapped onto itself in a way that preserves its shape and size.
For example, if an object has rotational symmetry, it means that it can be rotated by a certain angle and the resulting image will be congruent to the original. If an object has reflectional symmetry, it means that it can be reflected across a certain line and the resulting image will be congruent to the original.
Overall, symmetry is a type of rigid transformation in which an object is mapped onto itself in a way that preserves its shape and size. This type of transformation is related to other types of rigid transformations, such as rotations and translations, which also preserve the shape and size of an object.
A voltage amplifier with an input resistance of 40 kΩ, an output resistance of 100 Ω, and a gain of 300 V/V is connected between a 10- kΩ source with an open-circuit voltage of 10 mV and a 100-Ω load. For this situation: (a)What output voltage results? (b)What is the voltage gain from source to load? (c)What is the voltage gain from the amplifier input to the load? (d)If the output voltage across the load is twice that needed and there are signs of amplifier saturation, suggest the location and value of a single resistor that would produce the desired output. Choose an arrangement that would cause minimum disruption to an operating circuit. (Hint)
Answers
Answer:
a) 2.40 V
b) 120
c) 150
d) 8 kΩ in parallel with the amplifier input
Explanation:
The voltage divider between the source resistance and the amplifier input resistance makes the amplifier input voltage be ...
vi = (10 mV)(ri/(rs+ri)) = (10 mV)(40/(10+40)) = 8 mV
(a) The gain of 300 makes the open-circuit amplifier output voltage be ...
Vo = 300(8 mV) = 2400 mV = 2.40 V . . . . open-circuit output voltage
__
(b) The load voltage is the result of voltage-divider action between the output resistance and the load resistance.
Vl = Vo(rl)/(ro +rl) = 2.40 V(100)/(100 +100) = 1.20 V
So, the overall voltage gain from the source is ...
vl/vs = (1.20 V)/(0.010 V) = 120 . . . . voltage gain from source
__
(c) The voltage gain to the load from the amplifier input is ...
vl/vi = 1.200 V/0.008 V = 150 . . . . voltage gain from input to load
__
(d) To reduce the input of the amplifier without breaking the circuit, we could add a resistor in parallel with the amplifier input. It would need to reduce the gain of that voltage divider from 0.8 to 0.4 to cut the output voltage in half. That is, for some parallel resistor R (in kOhms), we want ...
R(Ri)/(R·(Ri +Rs) +Ri·Rs)) = 0.40
40R/(50R + 400) = 2/5
200R = 100R +800 . . . . cross multiply
100R = 800 . . . . . . . . . . . subtract 100R
R = 8 . . . . kOhms
Putting 8 kOhms in parallel with the amplifier input will reduce the overall gain by the required amount.
An ADC employing a 1000-level quantizer is used to convert an analogue signal that with bandwidth 20 kHz to binary format. Determine the minimum bit rate from this ADC.
Answers
To determine the minimum bit rate of an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) with a 1000-level quantizer and a bandwidth of 20 kHz, the minimum bit rate from this ADC is 400 kHz.
In this case, the signal has a bandwidth of 20 kHz, so the minimum sampling rate required is 2 times the bandwidth, which is 2 * 20 kHz = 40 kHz. The minimum sampling rate corresponds to the minimum bit rate.
To convert an analogue signal with a 20 kHz bandwidth to a binary format using a 1000-level quantizer, each level of the quantizer requires a certain number of bits. Since there are 1000 levels, we need at least log2(1000) bits to represent each level. Rounded up to the nearest integer, log2(1000) is 10.
Therefore, the minimum bit rate of the ADC is the product of the minimum sampling rate and the number of bits per sample:
Minimum bit rate = Minimum sampling rate * Number of bits per sample
= 40 kHz * 10 bits
= 400 kHz
Hence, the minimum bit rate from this ADC is 400 kHz.
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What are considered the primary advantages of fpgas?
Answers
The primary advantages of FPGAs include:
Low power consumptionHigh performanceFlexibilityLow costRapid prototypingExplanation of the main advantages of fpgas:
Low power consumption: FPGAs can significantly reduce power consumption compared to traditional processors and ASICs.High performance: FPGAs are able to perform computations at very high speeds and can be customized for specific tasks, making them very efficient for certain applications.Flexibility: FPGAs are highly configurable and can be easily reprogrammed for different tasks, allowing for greater flexibility in development.Low cost: FPGAs are relatively inexpensive, making them a cost-effective option for many applications.Rapid prototyping: FPGAs can be quickly programmed, allowing for rapid prototyping and development.Learn more about fpgas:
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Fluid systems can distribute pressure unequally to all points in a system.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Answer:
false
Explanation:
What strategy may help a visual learner process data?
Answers
A strategy that may help a visual learner process data is a pie chart or histogram.