ammonium ion (nh4 ) is an acid that can dissociate to form ammonia (nh3) and h in aqueous solution. the pka for this reaction is 9.25. when total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, what is the ph?
Answers
When total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, The pH is 9.25.
Given, the pKₐ of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is 9.25.
The dissociation of NH₄⁺ to ammonia (NH₃) and H⁺ in aqueous solution is represented below.
It is stated that the ammonium ion is 50% dissociated in the solution. Therefore the concentration of each species at that instant [if started with 1M conc. of NH4+ (aq)] is summarized as follows:
NH4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)
Initial conc. (in M) 1 - -
At 50% dissociation 1-0.5, i.e., 0.5 0.5 0.5
The given value of pKₐ immediately reminds us of the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation containing pKₐ , i.e.,
pH = pKₐ + log₁₀ \(\frac{[salt]}{[acid]}\) _ _ _(i)
But, NH₄⁺ (aq) exists as the conjugate acid form, as well as the salt (ionized) form. Hence, we cannot use equation. (i) for our calculations.
Therefore, we need to convert the above value of Kₐ to the equivalent Kb (for NH₃), corresponding to the reverse equilibrium.
This is achieved by using the relation
Kb = \(\frac{Kw}{Ka}\)
or, -log₁₀ Kb = -log₁₀ Kw + log₁₀ Ka
or, pKb = pKw - pKa = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75
where, pKw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ (at 298 K).
Therefore, pKb of ammonia (NH₃) = 4.75
Now, we need to use the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which uses Kb; which is in fact
pOH = pKb + log₁₀ \(\frac{[salt]}{[base]}\) _ _ _(ii)
where the salt is NH₄⁺, and the base is NH₃. Further, we know that
Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] or, pOH + pH = pKw = 14 or, pOH = 14 - pH
Substituting this relation in eq. (ii) gives
14 - pH = pKb + log₁₀ \(\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}\)
or, pH = 14 - pKb — log₁₀ \(\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}\)
As calculated, pKb = 4.75, [NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M, while [NH₃] = 0.50 M, assuming we start with a conc. of 1M NH₄⁺. Hence,
pH = 14 – 4.75 – log₁₀ \(\frac{0.50}{0.50}\)
= 9.25 - log₁₀ ( 1 )
= 9.25 - 0
pH = 9.25
Hence, the pH of a solution consisting of 50% NH₃ and 50% NH₄⁺ will be equal to 9.25.
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Related Questions
6) Which type of orbital is represented by this image?"
Z,Y,X
Answers
Answer:
the immage is not uploaded
Molecules of _________, ________, _________ move at different rates through a medium as simple as paper.
Answers
Molecules of different compounds, such as pigments, amino acids, and sugars, can move at different rates through a medium, even as simple as paper, due to their varying physical and chemical properties. This is the basis for a common laboratory technique called chromatography.
In chromatography, a sample containing different compounds is applied to a stationary phase, such as paper or a column packed with beads, and a mobile phase, such as a solvent, is used to move the compounds through the stationary phase. As the compounds move through the medium, they interact with it in different ways, resulting in different rates of movement.
For example, pigments with different absorption strengths will interact differently with the stationary phase, leading to differences in their rates of movement. Similarly, amino acids and sugars with different molecular weights and polarities will interact differently with the mobile phase, leading to differences in their rates of movement.
Overall, chromatography is a powerful tool for separating and identifying different compounds within a mixture, and the different rates at which molecules move through a medium is a key factor in this process.
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PLS ANSWER ASAP!!!
A lawn fertiliser is rated as 6.00 % nitrogen, meaning 6.00 g of nitrogen (N) in 100 g of fertiliser. The nitrogen is present in the form of urea, (NH2)2CO. What mass (in grams) of urea is present in 100 g of the fertiliser to supply the rated amount of nitrogen.
Answers
Answer:
Convert 6.50 g N to g urea.
6.50 g N x (molar mass urea/2*atomic mass N) = ? g urea.
Explanation:
3. Gold-198 decays with a half-life of 2.7 days according to the equation:198Au → 0−1β + 198Cd
a. Find the value of the rate constant, k. Include units.
b. How much of a 10.0 g sample of Au-198 remains after seven days? (Use the integrated rate law formula.)
Answers
a. k=0.256/day
b.sample of Au-198 remains after seven days : 1.67 g
Further explanation1. A half-life of 2.7 days⇒t1/2=2.7 days
The half-life can be expressed in a decay constant( λ)
\(\tt \displaystyle t_ {1/2} = {\dfrac {\ln (2)} {\lambda}}\\\\\lambda(or~k)=\dfrac{0.693}{2.7}=0.256/day\)
2. We can use formula : (integrated rate law) :
\(\tt ln[A]=-kt+ln[Ao]\\\\ln(\dfrac{Ao}{A})=kt\)
Ao=10 g
t=7 days
k=0.256/day
\(\tt ln(\dfrac{10}{A})=0.256\times 7\\\\ln(\dfrac{10}{A})=1.792\\\\e^{1.792}=\dfrac{10}{A}\\\\6=\dfrac{10}{A}\rightarrow A=1.67~g\)
The mass of Au-198 that remains after seven days is 1.62 g.
We know that radioactive decay is a first order reaction hence;
k = 0.693/ t12
Where;
k = rate constant
t12 = half life
k = 0.693/ 2.7 days = 0.26 day-1
Using;
N =Noe^-kt
No = amount of radioactive material initially present
N = mass of radioactive substance present at time t
N = 10 e^-(0.26 × 7)
N = 1.62 g
The mass of Au-198 that remains after seven days is 1.62 g.
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Contrast the three types of intermolecular forces.
Answers
Answer: The three major types of intermolecular interactions are dipole–dipole interactions, London dispersion forces (these two are often referred to collectively as van der Waals forces), and hydrogen bonds.
Hope this helps............ Stay safe and have a Merry Christmas!!!!!!! :D
help needed asap grades due tmr
Answers
Answer:
A. 0.48 L
Explanation:
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
Boyle's law
Substance A is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, while substance B is a gas under the same conditions. Both are molecular substances. Based on this observation, we can say that the intermolecular attractions in substance A are __________ those in substance B.
A. Stronger than
B. The same strength as
C. Weaker than
Answers
Substance A is liquid at room temperature and pressure, while substance B is gas under the same conditions.Based on this observation, we can say that intermolecular attractions in substance A are stronger than those in substance B.
What are intermolecular attractions?Intermolecular attractions is a force by which atoms in a molecule combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature. It can act between an ion and an atom as well.It varies for different states of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.
The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.
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A block of wood measures 3.00 cm x 2.00 cm x 5.00 cm and has a mass of 22.5 grams what is it ?
Answers
Determine quantitative density of a liquid whose mass is 62 g and whose volume is 31 mL. A block or wood with the dimensions 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm and a heft of 22.5 g (2 g/mL)
How do you calculate a block of wood's volume?
Result for an image A timber block weighs 22.5 grammes and has dimensions of 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm. What is that?
It is simple to determine the volume of such a block, prism, a cylinder by multiplying the base's area by the object's height or altitude.
How is block mass determined?
Multiply the volume and density together.
You may get the mass of your object by multiplying your two numbers together. You'll notice that you end up having units of mass if you keep track of both the units as you go along (kilograms or grams). A diamond, for instance, has a volume of 5,000 cm3 and a density of 3.52 g/cm3.
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Determine quantitative density of a liquid whose mass is 62 g and whose volume is 31 mL. A block or wood with the dimensions 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm and a heft of 22.5 g (2 g/mL)
How do you calculate a block of wood's volume?Result for an image A timber block weighs 22.5 grammes and has dimensions of 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm. What is that?
It is simple to determine the volume of such a block, prism, a cylinder by multiplying the base's area by the object's height or altitude.
How is block mass determined?Multiply the volume and density together.
You may get the mass of your object by multiplying your two numbers together. You'll notice that you end up having units of mass if you keep track of both the units as you go along (kilograms or grams). A diamond, for instance, has a volume of 5,000 cm3 and a density of 3.52 g/cm3.
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How many joules are required to change 225 g of ice at 0 °C to steam at 100 °C?
Answers
Answer:The answer is
153.7
k
J
.
What you are asked to determine is the total energy required to go from ice to water, and then from water to vapor - the phase changes underwent by the water molecules.
In order to do this, you'll need to know:
Heat of fusion of water:
Δ
H
f
=
334
J
/
g
;
Heat of fusion vaporization of water:
Δ
H
v
=
2257
J
/
g
;
Specific heat of ice:
c
=
2.09
J
/
g
∘
C
;
Specific heat of water:
c
=
4.18
J
/
g
∘
C
;
Specific heat of steam:
c
=
2.09
J
/
g
∘
C
;
So, the following steps describe the overall process:
1. Determine the heat required to raise the temperature of the ice from
−
15.0
∘
C
to
0
∘
C
:
q
1
=
m
⋅
c
i
c
e
⋅
Δ
T
=
50.0
g
⋅
2.09
J
g
⋅
∘
C
⋅
(
0
∘
C
−
(
−
15
∘
C
)
)
=
1567.5
J
2. Determine the heat required to convert
0
∘
C
ice to
0
∘
C
water:
q
2
=
m
⋅
Δ
H
f
=
50.0
g
⋅
334
J
g
=
16700
J
3. Determine the heat required to go from water at
0
∘
C
to water at
100
∘
C
:
q
3
=
m
⋅
c
w
a
t
e
r
⋅
Δ
T
=
50.0
g
⋅
4.18
J
g
⋅
∘
C
⋅
(
100
∘
C
−
0
∘
C
)
=
20900
J
4. Determine the heat required to convert
100
∘
C
water to
100
∘
C
vapor:
q
4
=
m
⋅
Δ
H
v
=
50.0
g
⋅
2257
J
g
=
112850
J
5. Determine the heat required to go from
100
∘
C
vapor to
120
∘
C
vapor:
q
5
=
m
⋅
c
v
a
p
o
r
⋅
Δ
T
=
50.0
g
⋅
2.09
J
g
⋅
∘
C
⋅
(
120
∘
C
−
100
∘
C
)
=
2090
J
Therefore, the total heat required is
q
T
O
T
A
L
=
q
1
+
q
2
+
q
3
+
q
4
+
q
5
=
152696.5
J
=
153.7
k
J
Explanation:
Can someone answer the questions in the image?.
“Balancing equations”
Answers
Ans.1
blank 1 =1
blank 2 = 3
blank 3 = 2
Ans.2
blank 1 = 6
blank 2 = 4
blank 3 = 5
Ans.
blank 1 = 11
blank 2 = 7
blank 3 = 8
compound contains platinum(ii), with two ammonia molecules per platinum. the compound also contains two moles of chloride (cl-) per mole of platinum. treatment of the compound with silver nitrate does not result in the precipitation of silver chloride. the formula of the compound is
Answers
The compound treatment on with silver nitrate does not result in the precipitation of silver chloride. the formula of the compound is [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂].
The contains the platinum(II) and the two ammonia molecules per the platinum. the compound contains the chloride ions per mole of the platinum. the compound does not give precipitate of silver chloride on treating with the silver nitrate is [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂].
The compound will react with the silver nitrate if the Cl is out of the coordination sphere. the NH₃ is the monodentate ligand and Cl is also the monodentate ligand. the total ligand is 4 coordinated ligand. the oxidation state of Pt is +2
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how to convert ethene to ethanal
Answers
Answer:
First convert ethene into C2H5Br by adding HBr. Then add aqueous KOH to form C2H5OH. Oxidize it by dilute H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7 to form CH3COOH. Add SOCl2 to form CH3COCl and reduction with Pd-baso4 and xylene.
Explanation:
I hope this helps you! :D
Does alcohol really burn off when cooking? what are the possible substitutions for alcohol in recipes?.
Answers
Answer:Does alcohol really burn off when cooking? what are the possible substitutions for alcohol in recipes?
Explanation:
The longer you cook, the more alcohol cooks out, but you have to cook food for about 3 hours to fully erase all traces of alcohol. A study from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Nutrient Data lab confirmed this and added that food baked or simmered in alcohol for 15 minutes still retains 40 percent of the alcohol.
1. How does the glyoxylate cycle differ from the citric acid cycle? 2. Citric acid cycle intermediates are replenished by anapleurotic reactions. List any two (2) citric acid cycle intermediates and the pathway(s) that replenish them.
3. Under normal cellular conditions, the concentrations of the metabolites in the citric acid cycle remain almost constant. List any one process by which we can increase the concentration of the citric acid cycle intermediates.
Answers
1. The glyoxylate cycle synthesizes glucose from acetyl-CoA under carbon limitation, while the citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA for energy production.
2. Citric acid cycle intermediates oxaloacetate and α-ketoglutarate are replenished through anaplerotic reactions, including carboxylation of pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate, and transamination of glutamate.
3. Anaplerosis via amino acid metabolism and alternative carbon sources increases citric acid cycle intermediates' concentration.
1. The glyoxylate cycle differs from the citric acid cycle in that it operates in certain organisms (such as plants and bacteria) under conditions of carbon limitation, allowing the net synthesis of glucose from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. In contrast,
the citric acid cycle is a central metabolic pathway occurring in most organisms, involved in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA and energy production.
2. Two citric acid cycle intermediates and the pathways that replenish them are:
Oxaloacetate:Oxaloacetate can be replenished through anaplerotic reactions, such as the carboxylation of pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase or through the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
α-Ketoglutarate:α-Ketoglutarate can be replenished through the transamination of glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase or through the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase.
3. One process to increase the concentration of citric acid cycle intermediates is through anaplerosis, which refers to the replenishment of depleted intermediates by various pathways,
including amino acid metabolism or by utilizing alternative carbon sources that can be converted into citric acid cycle intermediates through anaplerotic reactions.
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Fill in the blanks using terms from this unit.
Even though plants are rooted in the ground, they still move, exert
Blank Options
choose your answer...
and do
Blank Options
choose your answer...
.
Plant cells have very strong cell walls that allow
Blank Options
choose your answer...
to build up inside of the cell as water is absorbed. This pressure is called
Blank Options
choose your answer...
.
When turgor pressure is high enough in a cell, the cell walls become
Blank Options
choose your answer...
and As a result, the cell becomes rigid and the plant is able to stand
Blank Options
choose your answer...
and straight. When a plant does not get enough water, the turgor pressure inside of the cells
Blank Options
choose your answer...
.
A decrease in pushing against the cell wall causes the cells to lose their
Blank Options
choose your answer...
and This causes the plant to begin to droop, or
Blank Options
choose your answer...
.
When the wilted plant gets enough water, the cells will become rigid again, and the plant will stand firm and straight once again.
Answers
Answer:
Even though plants are rooted in the ground, they still move, exert force, and do work.
Plant cells have very strong cell walls that allow pressure to build up inside of the cell as water is absorbed. This pressure is called turgor.
When turgor pressure is high enough in a cell, the cell walls become firm and as a result, the cell becomes rigid and the plant is able to stand tall and straight.
When a plant does not get enough water, the turgor pressure inside of the cells decreases. A decrease in pressure pushing against the cell wall causes the cells to lose their shape and shrink. This causes the plant to begin to droop or wilt.
When the wilted plant gets enough water, the cells will become rigid again, and the plant will stand firm and straight once again.
Explanation:
When OSHA uses a TLV in regulations,
- The TLV becomes a mandatory PEL
- The PEL is non-mandatory
- It is required that the TLV be updated annually
- Updated TLVs automatically become updated PELs
Answers
When OSHA uses a TLV (Threshold Limit Value) in regulations, the TLV becomes a mandatory PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit). This means that employers must ensure workers' exposure to the hazardous substance does not exceed the established PEL, which is based on the TLV. OSHA enforces these PELs to protect workers from potential health hazards in the workplace.
When OSHA uses a TLV in regulations, the TLV becomes a non-mandatory recommendation for occupational exposure limits. OSHA has established its own Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) which are legally enforceable and mandatory. While OSHA may consider TLVs when establishing or revising PELs, the TLV does not automatically become a PEL. OSHA may also use other sources of information to establish or revise PELs. Additionally, OSHA does not require that TLVs be updated annually, although some organizations that establish TLVs may choose to update them on a regular basis.
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Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring.Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration of H+ ions per unit volume. *
Answers
The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring because the process is highly exothermic and it can be dangerous. Therefore, the assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
1.Acid is thoroughly diluted with water before being added.
2.It should be introduced very gradually while being stirred continuously.
3.Acid addition to water is a highly exothermic reaction, releasing a lot of heat in the process.
4.The heat produced by the stirring is absorbed by the water, making the situation safer.
5.The amount of ions in a given volume are more concentrated when an acid and water are combined. However, it has nothing to do with continuously swirling acid into water.
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where would earth's be positioned during autumn if you lived in the southern hemisphere
Answers
Answer:
Autumn is one of the four basic seasons of the year in the temperate climate zone. It is characterized by moderate air temperatures with a decreasing daily average, and relatively high annual precipitation. The climate autumn is the period of the year in which the average daily air temperature ranges around 10° C.
Astronomical fall begins at the fall equinox and lasts until the winter solstice, which roughly means in the southern hemisphere between March 23 and June 22 (sometimes these dates are a day earlier or a day later, and in a leap year they may be additionally retracted one day). During astronomical autumn, the day time of the day is shorter than the night time, and moreover, with each successive day of the day it decreases and night increases.
Which of these is not an organ in the
digestive system?
A. heart
B. stomach
C. intestine
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system. The small intestine has three parts.
(A)
Ionization is the process by which ions are formed by gain or loss of an electron from an atom or molecule. If an atom or molecule gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged (an anion), and if it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged (a cation). ____________ may be lost or gained in the formation of an ion.
Answers
Answer: Electrons
Explanation:
Electrons may be lost or gained in the formation of an ion.
In the Ionization process, electrons may be lost or gained in the formation of an ion.
Ionization refers to the process in which an atom, molecule, or ion gains or loses one or more electrons. It results in the formation of an ion. This process occurs when a sufficient amount of energy is supplied to overcome the attractive forces holding the electrons within an atom or molecule.
It plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of matter, the formation of ions in chemical reactions, and the analysis of compounds using techniques like mass spectrometry.
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Organic molecules that are universally used as an immediate source of energy are the:_________
Answers
When ATP is broken down, it releases energy in the form of a phosphate bond, which can be used to power metabolic processes.
What is metabolic ?Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. These biochemical processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environment. Metabolism of energy within cells is known as cellular metabolism. Metabolism can be divided into two categories, catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to obtain energy. Anabolism is the building up of molecules to create other molecules and store energy. Metabolic reactions involve the energy that is used to power the cell and the molecules that are used as building blocks for biosynthesis.
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When using a water-cooled condenser, the water should_____the condenser. to make this happen, the water should flow in at the____and should flow out at the_____.
Answers
A water-cooled condenser must have the water flowing over it continuously to function. The water must enter through the bottom port and exit through the top port for this to occur.
What is condenser?
A device or component used to condense vapor into liquid is a condenser (heat transfer). HVAC air coils are an example of specific sorts. Condenser (laboratory), a group of glassware used in laboratories to cool fluids.
The condenser's job is to take the high-pressure gas coming from the compressor and turn it into a liquid. By using the idea that heat will always travel from a warmer to a cooler substance, it accomplishes this.
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What is the balance equation for
_AI+_Pb(NO3)2—__Pb+__Ca(NO3)2
Answers
Answer:
2 Al + 3 Pb(NO3)2 > 2 Al(NO3)3 + 3 Pb
Explanation:
8- Which of the following statements about a catalyst is true?"
A) A catalyst can initiate a reaction,
O B) A catalyst can accelerate a reaction
C) A catalyst can be consumed during a reaction,
OD) A catalyst can be changed during a reaction
Answers
Answer:
B) A catalyst can accelerate a reaction.
Explanation:
2. How much heat energy in Joules is needed to raise the temperature of 45.0g of Aluminum from
25.0°C to 115.0°C?
Answers
Answer:3604.5J
Explanation:
Please help!!! If u reply with a link i will report
M = mRT/PV
Use the equation above to find the molar mass of a 98.2 g sample of gas that fills a 50.0 liter container at STP
a. 4.00 g/mol
b. 44.0 g/mol
c. 1.48 g/mol
d. 32.0 g/mol
Answers
Which group in the periodic table is known as the as the noble gases?
Answers
Group 18:
Elements are
-helium(He)
-neon (Ne)
-argon (Ar)
-krypton (Kr)
-xenon (Xe)
-radon (Rn)
-oganesson (Og)
Testing pH Lab
Background
A liquid may be an acid, base, or neutral. The degree of acidity or basicity can be
measured by using the pH scale. The scale is divided into three areas: Acid
(readings below 7), neutral (reading of 7), and basic (readings above 7). Each
division either increases or decreases the pH of a substance 10 times. For
example, the pH of 5 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 6. Water has a pH of 7
but when it mixes with air the suspended materials will either raise or lower its
pH. Acid Rain is an example of this type of reaction. Universal indicator paper
changes depending on the pH of the solution being tested. Many substances
around your home are acids with a low pH. Others are bases and have a high
pH.
Purpose
To determine the pH of some common solutions
Materials
- 50 ml beaker (#)
- Various common solutions
- Red litmus paper
- tweezers
- pH indicator paper and chart
- Blue litmus paper
Procedure
1) Obtain a test tube rack containing several test tubes of various common
solutions.
2) Before testing each known solution, hypothesize about the pH of each of the
known solutions. Use your previous knowledge of the solutions and knowledge of
pH to create your hypothesis. Record your hypothesis in Table 1.
Answers
The pH of common solutions like bleach, shampoo, vinegar, and mouthwash as determined using pH test strips or a pH meter are as follows:
Bleach: pH value above 7 often around pH 11-13.Shampoo: pH range is usually around 5.5-7.5.Vinegar: pH value below 7 of approximately 2-3.Mouthwash: pH values for mouthwash can range from around 4-9.What is the pH of a solution?The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity as determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where pH 7 is considered neutral, pH values below 7 indicate acidity, and pH values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
The pH of a solution can be determined using various methods such as pH indicator papers or meters that produce color changes or give out readings of pH values.
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Lucite contains 59.9 g C, 8.06 g H,
and 32.0 g O. You want to determine the empirical formula.
How many moles of C are in the sample?
Answers
Number of moles of C = (Mass of C)/(Molar Mass of C)
Number of moles of C = (59.9 g)/(12.01 g/mol)
Number of moles of C = 4.98 mol
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In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?