The magnitude of the average velocity of the woodchuck is 0.71 m/s. The average speed of the woodchuck is 3.2 m/s.
Right distance = 19m
Time is taken to cover distance = 4.8s
Left distance = 12m
Time is taken to cover distance = 5s
total displacement = 19 m to the right - 12 m to the left = 7 m to the right
A. To calculate the magnitude of the average velocity, we need to find the total displacement and divide it by the total time.
The total time it took for the woodchuck to run both distances is:
The total time = 4.8 s + 5 s
The total time = 9.8 s
The magnitude of the average velocity is:
v = displacement/time
v = 7 m / 9.8 s
v = 0.71 m/s
B. To find the average speed, we need to calculate the total distance traveled and divide it by the total time.
The total distance traveled is = 19 m + 12 m = 31 m
The total time it took for the woodchuck to run both distances is:
The average speed = total distance / total time
The average speed = 31 m / 9.8 s = 3.2 m/s
Therefore we can conclude that the magnitude of the average velocity is 0.71 m/s and the average speed is 3.2 m/s.
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A ray of light hits a plane mirror 35 degrees from the normal. What is the angle of reflection?
ANSWER
\(\begin{equation*} 35\degree \end{equation*}\)EXPLANATION
We want to find the angle of reflection of the ray of light.
According to the law of reflection, the angle of reflection must be equal to the angle of incidence of a ray of light:
\(\theta_r=\theta_i\)Therefore, the angle of reflection of the ray of light is:
\(\theta_r=\theta_i=35\degree\)That is the answer.
an airplane that is flying level needs to accelerate from a speed of 2.00 x 102 m/s to a speed of 2.40 x 102 m/s while it flies a distance of 1.20 km. what must be the acceleration of the plane?
Using the equation v² = u² + 2as, where u = 2.00 x 10² m/s, v = 2.40 x 10² m/s, and s = 1.20 km, the acceleration of the plane is approximately 3.06 m/s².
To determine the acceleration of the airplane, we can use the equation v² = u² + 2as, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and s is the distance traveled. We are given u = 2.00 x 10² m/s, v = 2.40 x 10² m/s, and s = 1.20 km = 1200 m. Plugging these values into the equation and solving for a gives us approximately 3.06 m/s² as the acceleration of the airplane. This means that the airplane is increasing its speed by 3.06 m/s every second it's accelerating.
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what might cause a shotgun to explode? a misfire not enough gunpowder in the shotshell using the wrong choke for your quarry using the wrong shotshell in your shotgun
Not enough gunpowder in the shotshell, utilizing the incorrect choke for your quarry, and using the incorrect shotshell in your shotgun are the two main causes of shotgun explosions and misfires.
A shotgun, often known as a scattergun or historically as a fowling piece, is a long-barreled firearm made to fire a shotshell, a straight-walled cartridge that typically shoots several small, shot-like pellet-like sub-projectiles called shotgun.
The first known chemical explosive is gunpowder, usually known as "black powder" to distinguish it from smokeless powder used today. A combination of Sulphur, carbon (in the form of charcoal), and potassium nitrate make up this substance (saltpeter) contain in gunpowder.
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which of the following is not true of sunspots? which of the following is not true of sunspots? sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than earth. sunspots can produce flares and prominences. more sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface.
The statement "Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface" is false.
What is magnet?Magnetism is a physical quality mediated by a magnetic field that refers to the ability to create attracted and repulsive occurrences in other substances. Magnetism is the force that magnets exert when they attract or repel one another. The movement of electric charges causes magnetism. Every material is composed of microscopic components known as atoms. Each atom contains electrons, which are charged particles. Magnetism is caused by attraction when two items are brought together or repulsion when two objects are moved apart. A magnet is an item with magnetic qualities. A magnet, for example, may attract another thing.
Here,
Sunspots are really darker than the surrounding photosphere, and thus appear as black spots on the sun's surface. This is because large magnetic fields are concentrated in these areas, inhibiting convection and cooling the surface.
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A circuit contains two resistors in series. The voltage drop across the first is 10 V. The voltage drop across the second is also 10
V. What is the voltage provided by the power supply in this circuit?
A. 10 V
B. -10 V
C. 20 V
D. -20 V
Hi there!
Voltage in a series can be expressed by the following:
\(V_T = V_1 + V_2\)
In words, the total voltage is equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops in a SERIES circuit.
We can solve for the total voltage:
\(V_T = 10 + 10 = \boxed{\text{ D. 20 V}}\)
Answer:
20 v
Explanation:
.
Determine the plane of the force acting on a body of mass 2 kg, the action of which changes the velocity of the body to the equation: v = 3-2t
The force acting on the body can be determined using Newton's second law of motion,is -4N which states that Force (F) equals mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a). First, we need to find the acceleration by differentiating the velocity equation with respect to time.
1. The given velocity equation is v = 3 - 2t.
2. To find the acceleration, differentiate the velocity equation with respect to time: a = dv/dt.
3. The derivative of 3 - 2t with respect to t is -2 (since the derivative of 3 is 0 and the derivative of -2t is -2).
4. Now, we have the acceleration: a = -2 m/s².
5. Using Newton's second law, F = m × a, where m = 2 kg and a = -2 m/s².
The force acting on the body is F = 2 kg × (-2 m/s²) = -4 N. Since the force has a negative sign, it acts in the opposite direction to the initial velocity.
The plane of the force is along the straight line where the body's motion occurs, with the force acting opposite to the velocity's direction.
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Which of the following objects would probably become hottest if left in the sun for several hours?
a piece of white paper
a piece of black plastic
a sheet of aluminum foil
a block of light-coloured wood
disk 1 is traveling directly north at 5m/s. It collides with disk 2 (initially at rest). Disk 1's mass is twice that of disk 2. After the collision Disk 2 is traveling at 2.4 m/s at 33 degrees west of north. Calculate the final resultant velocity of Disk 1.
Final resultant velocity of Disk 1 is 4.45 m/s, traveling directly north.
What is velocity?A vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion is known as velocity
Initial momentum of the system before collision:
\(\rm p_{initial\) = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
m₁ = 2m (mass of disk 1)
v₁ = 5 m/s (velocity of disk 1)
m₂ = m (mass of disk 2)
v₂ = 0 m/s (initial velocity of disk 2)
\(\rm p_{initial\) = (2m)(5 m/s) + (m)(0 m/s) = 10m m/s
After collision, momentum of the system is conserved:
\(\rm p_{final\) = (2m) × v₁' + m × v₂'
v₁' = final velocity of disk 1
v₂' = final velocity of disk 2
vx = 2.4 m/s × cos(33°) = 2.0 m/s
vy = 2.4 m/s × sin(33°) = 1.3 m/s
Total momentum of system after collision is: \(\rm p_{final\) = (2m) × v₁' + m × v₂' = (2m) × v₁' + m× (vx + vy)
(1/2) × m₁ × v₁²= (1/2)× m₁ × v₁'²+ (1/2) × m₂ × v₂'²
(2m) × v₁' + m × (vx + vy) = 10m m/s
(1/2) × (2m) × (5 m/s)² = (1/2) × (2m) × v₁'² + (1/2) × m × (2.4 m/s)²
v₁' = 4.45 m/s
Therefore, final resultant velocity of Disk 1 is 4.45 m/s, traveling directly north.
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Student Exploration: Nuclear Decay. Has anyone done a Gizmos lab on this?
Yes, there is a Gizmos lab available for students to explore the concept of nuclear decay. The Gizmos lab titled "Nuclear Decay" is part of the Physics curriculum and is designed to help students understand the process of radioactive decay and the concept of half-life.
In this lab, students are provided with a virtual simulation where they can observe the decay of radioactive isotopes over time. They can manipulate the initial quantity of the isotopes and observe how the decay occurs, leading to the formation of stable isotopes.
Students can also measure the half-life of different isotopes and analyze how the rate of decay changes over time.
The lab provides a hands-on and interactive learning experience, allowing students to visualize and explore the principles of nuclear decay.
It helps them develop a deeper understanding of concepts such as half-life, decay rates, and the role of isotopes in radioactive decay.
By engaging with this Gizmos lab, students can gain valuable insights into nuclear physics and its applications in various fields. They can analyze real-world scenarios, make predictions, and draw conclusions based on their observations.
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A tourist follows a passage that takes her 160 m west, then 180.m at an angle of 45.0∘ south of east, and finally 250 m at an angle 35.0∘ north of east. The total journey takes 12 minutes. (4)
a. Calculate the magnitude of her displacement from her original position.
b. She measures the distance she has walked to a precision of 5%. She times her total journey to ±20 s. (4)
(i) What is her average speed?
(ii) What is the absolute uncertainty on her absolute speed?
Answer:
a) R = 172.82 m, 5.3 north of east b) v = (0.24 ± 0.01) m / s
Explanation:
a) the displacement is a vector, so the easiest method to lock is looking for each component
let's start decomposing the vectors
x₁ = - 160 m
second shift
angle 45 south of east
cos (-45) = x₂ / d₂
sin (-45) = y₂ / d₂
x₂ = d₂ cos 45
y₂ = -d₂ sin 45
x₂ = 180 cos 45 = 127.28 m
y₂ = -180 sin 45 = - 127.28 m
third shift
cos 35 = x₃ / d₃
sin 35 = y₃ / d₃
x₃ = d₃ cos 35
y₃ = d₃ sin 35
x₃ = 250 cos 35 = 204.79 m
y₃ = 250 sin 35 = 143.39 m ₃
X axis
x_total = x₁ + x₂ + x₃
x_total = -160 +127.28 +204.79
x_total = 172.07 m
Y axis
y_total = y₁ + y₂ + y₃
y_total = 0 - 127.28 + 143.39
y_total = 16.11 m
to compose the displacement we use the Pythagorean theorem
R = \(\sqrt{x^2 +y^2}\)
R = \(\sqrt{172.07^2 + 16.11^2 }\)
R = 172.82 m
in angle is
tan θ = y_total / x_total
ten θ = 16.11 / 172.07 = 0.0936
θ = tan⁻¹ 0.0936
θ = 5.3
angle is 5.3 north of east
b) the error in the distance is 5%,
e% = ΔR/R 100
ΔR = e% R / 100
ΔR = 5 172.82 / 100
ΔR = 8.6 m
the time error Dt = 20 s
We calculate the speed and this we calculate the error
v = R / t
v = 172.82 / 12 60
v = 0.240027 m / s
the error in this magnitude is
Δv = \(\frac{dv}{dR} \ \Delta R + \frac{dv}{dt} \ \Delta t\)
Δv = \(\frac{1}{t} \ \Delta R + \frac{R}{t^2 } \ \Delta t\)
Δv = \(\frac{ 8.6}{720} + \frac{172.82 \ 20}{720^2 }\)
Δv = 0.013 m / s
the measurement result is
v = (0.24 ± 0.01) m / s
Iron, Nickel, Copper, Zinc... These are all what kind of metals?
Answer:
there very old
Explanation:
what mass of bromine will be produced if a potassium bromide solution reacts with 50.0ml of a 1.20 mol/l solution of acidified naclo4(aq)
Around 9.588 g of bromine will be produced when 50.0 ml of 1.20 mol/L potassium bromide solution reacts with 50.0 ml of a 1.20 mol/L solution of acidified NaClO.
The reaction between potassium bromide (KBr) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in the presence of acid is a redox reaction, which results in the formation of bromine (Br2) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The amount of bromine produced can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction.
First, the number of moles of potassium bromide (KBr) can be calculated using the molarity and volume of the KBr solution:
Moles of KBr = Molarity x volume
= 1.20 mol/L x (50.0 ml / 1000 ml/L)
= 0.0600 mol
Since the reaction is 1:1 between KBr and NaClO, the same number of moles of bromine will be produced. The mass of bromine can be calculated using the moles and molar mass of bromine:
Mass of Br2 = Moles of Br2 x Molar mass of Br2
= 0.0600 mol x 159.80 g/mol
= 9.588 g
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Which force is there between an ice skate and the ice
The rate of change of momentum?
Answer:
Answer in below and plz mark me as brainlist plz
Explanation:
The rate of change of momentum =tm(v−u) Rate of change of momentum = force applied. Force∝tm(v−u) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Impulse is a change in momentum
The rate of change of momentum =tm(v−u) Rate of change of momentum = force applied. Force∝tm(v−u) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Impulse is a change in momentum
2.) What is the net force on this box?
a. 14 N left
b. 14 N right
C. 2 N left
d. 2 N right
(8n on left
6n on right)
Answer:
C. 2 N left
Explanation:
Subtract the smaller number from the bigger number, the difference will go to the side with the larger number.
A baseball is hit into the air with a velocity of 27 m/s. How high does it go?
Answer:
Explanation:
If a baseball is hit into the air with a velocity of 27 m/s, we want to determine the maximum height of the ball. Using the projecile formula;
Max height H = u²/2g
u is the initial velocity of the body = 27m/s
g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.81m/s²
H = 27²/2(9.81)
H = 729/19.62
H = 37.16m
Hence the ball went 37.16m high
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A student investigated how the resistance of a piece of nichrome wire varies with length. Describe how the student would obtain the data needed for the investigation.
the answer should include a risk assessment for one hazard in the investigation.
1) The length of the wire needs to be measured and varied (this is order to get a complete set of results for your experiment )2) Then go through each length of wire and measure the current and potential difference for each wire. (in order to calculate resistance later )3) repeat multiple times for each length of wire in order to create an average = sum/n (if need be explain difference between accuracy and precision).4)calculate resistance using equation resistance * current = Voltage for each length of wire
Hazards: Electric shock due to current , overheating wire can overheat , can be minimised by using low currents.
As the length of the nichrome wire will increase then the resistance in the wire will also increase and if the length of the nichrome wire will decrease then the resistance in the wire will also decrease because the resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire.
What is Resistance?A force that opposes the flow of current is electrical resistance, often known as resistance to electricity. It acts as a gauge for how challenging it is for current to flow in this fashion. Ohms (Ω), which represent resistance values, are used.
Electricity will move from high to low when an electron difference exists between two terminals. This flow is opposed by resistance. Lower currents occur at higher resistance levels. The opposite is also true: the current increases as the resistance decreases.
As the length of the wire increase then the resistance increases automatically similarly if the length is reduced the resistance will also get reduced because length is directly proportional to the resistance in the wire. One more thing is that if the resistance in the wire increase then the heating in the wire will also increase and vice versa because resistance in the wire is directly proportional to the heating effect in the wire.
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Heat flows into a gas in a piston and work is performed on the gas by its surroundings. The amount of work done is equal to the heat added. In this situation,
Answer:
The Internal energy of the gas did not change
Explanation:
In this situation the Internal energy of the gas did not change and this is because according the the first law of thermodynamics
Δ U = Q - W ------ ( 1 )
Δ U = change in internal energy
Q = heat added
W = work done
since Q = W. the value of ΔU will be = zero i.e. No change
A tree gets the matter it needs for growth from the air. When the tree is cut down, what happens to the matter
Answer:
the matter is made into paper
Explanation:
A steel needle when placed carefully on water can be made to float.when the detergent is added to the water it sink.explain the observation
Answer:
The surface tension of plain water can cause a needle to float.
Evidently, the addition of detergent to the water reduces the surface tension of the liquid causing the needle to sink.
When we add detergent to water, the surface tension of water immediately decreases, then the surface tension cannot balance the blade and it will sink.
What is Surface tension?Surface tension is defined as the phenomenon that occurs when the surface of a liquid is in contact with another phase which may also be a liquid. Liquids obtain the least possible surface area while the surface of the liquid behaves like an elastic sheet.
Surface tension depends not only on the forces of attraction between particles within a given liquid but also on the forces of attraction of the solid, liquid or gas in contact with it where energy is responsible for the occurrence of surface tension, which can be thought of as approximately equal to the work or energy required to remove a surface layer of molecules in a unit area.
When we add soap to water, the surface tension of the water decreases to the point where the surface tension is no longer strong enough to "float" the needle.
Thus, when we add detergent to water, the surface tension of water immediately decreases, then the surface tension cannot balance the blade and it will sink.
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angular momentum in magnitude
Answer:
Angular momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of angular momentum is given by the product of the moment of inertia and the angular velocity. Mathematically, it is represented as:
L = I * ω
where:
L is the angular momentum,
I is the moment of inertia, and
ω (omega) is the angular velocity.
The moment of inertia represents the rotational inertia of an object and depends on both the mass distribution and the axis of rotation. It is denoted by the symbol I.
The angular velocity (ω) represents how fast an object is rotating and is measured in radians per second.
The magnitude of angular momentum (L) depends on the values of the moment of inertia and the angular velocity. Increasing either the moment of inertia or the angular velocity will result in an increase in the magnitude of angular momentum.
It's important to note that angular momentum is conserved in a closed system when no external torques are acting on it. This conservation principle means that the total angular momentum of a system remains constant unless acted upon by external influences.
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Consider the following force:
Darnel is pushing on his friend's wheelchair.
According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?
The wheelchair is pushing on Darnel.
The wheelchair is pulling on Darnel.
Submit
The other force that must be happening in accordance with Newton's third law is that the wheelchair is pushing on Darnel (option A).
What is Newton's third law?Force is a push or a pull that acts upon an object as a results of its interaction with another object.
Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects.
Whenever objects A and B interact with each other, they exert forces upon each other. For example, Darnel is pushing on his friend's wheelchair, the wheelchair exerts an upward force on Darnel.
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A biker has a PE of 360 J at the top of a hill. On the way down the hill, she lost 150 J to heat.
What is her KE at the bottom of the hill?
(Show work please)
The biker's kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill is 210 J.
What is the kinetic energy of the biker?The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
So, as the biker travels down the hill, her potential energy (PE) transforms into kinetic energy (KE).
At the top of the hill, her PE is 360 J, and she loses 150 J to heat,
so her remaining energy is 360 J - 150 J = 210 J.
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what are the three ways acceleration can occur
Answer:
Change in velocity, change in direction, change in both velocity and direction
Explanation:
Imagine you inherit a farm and now have to purchase fertilizer for the farm. The farm is 340 acres and had corn planted the previous year. You must add fertilizer to the soil before you plant this year's crop. You go to the local fertilizer store and find SuperPhosphate-brand fertilizer. You read the fertilizer bag and can recognize from your high school chemistry class a molecular formula C*a_{3}*P_{2}*H_{14}*S_{2}*O_{21} (you don't understand anything else written on the bag because it is imported fertilizer from Japan). You must decide how much fertilizer to buy for application to your cornfields. If each bag contains 25 kg of fertilizer and costs $54.73, how many bags of fertilizer must you purchase, and how much will it cost you to add the necessary fertilizer to your fields ?
Total Cost is = $107,380 if The farm is 340 acres and had corn planted add fertilizer to the soil before you plant this years' crop.
What is called fertilizer?A fertiliser is a natural or artificial substance containing chemical elements (such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K)) that improve growth and productiveness of plants. Some synonyms include the terms "enrichment" or "plant nutrient".
Why is fertilizer important?Without fertilizers, nature struggles to replenish the nutrients in the soil. When crops are harvested, important nutrients are removed from the soil, because they follow the crop and end up at the dinner table. If the soil is not replenished with nutrients through fertilizing, crop yields will deteriorate over time.
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2. A block of mass M1 travels horizontally with a constant speed vo on a plateau of height
H until it comes to a cliff. A toboggan of mass M2 is positioned on level ground below the
cliff as shown above. The center of the toboggan is a distance D from the base of the
cliff.
(a) Determine D in terms of vo, H, and g so that the block lands in the center of the
toboggan.
(b) The block sticks to the toboggan which is free to slide without friction. Determine the
resulting velocity of the block and toboggan.
The necessary distance for the block to land on the toboggan is (a) D = sqrt(vo^2/(2g) - H), while the resulting velocity of the block and toboggan after they stick together upon landing is (b) v = sqrt(2gh - 2gD + vo^2).
To solve this problem, we can apply the principle of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant. Initially, the system consists of only the block of mass M1, which has kinetic energy due to its constant speed vo. At the end, the system consists of both the block and the toboggan, which have gravitational potential energy due to their height above the ground. We can set these two energies equal to each other and solve for D to find where the block will land on the toboggan.
(a) The gravitational potential energy of the block and toboggan when they are at height H above the ground is:
U = (M1 + M2)gh
where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Since the block is traveling horizontally with constant speed, it has no change in potential energy. Thus, we can equate the initial kinetic energy of the block to the final potential energy of the system:
1/2 M1 vo^2 = (M1 + M2)gh
Solving for distance D, we get:
D = sqrt(vo^2/(2g) - H)
(b) Since the block sticks to the toboggan, the total mass of the system is now M = M1 + M2. The initial kinetic energy of the block is now shared by the block and toboggan. Let v be the velocity of the block and toboggan after they stick together. By conservation of energy:
1/2 M1 vo^2 = Mg(H - D) + 1/2 Mv^2
where the first term on the right side is the gravitational potential energy of the block and toboggan after they land on the toboggan, and the second term is their kinetic energy. Solving for velocity (v), we get:
v = sqrt(2gh - 2gD + vo^2)
Therefore, The first answer gives the distance D in terms of the initial velocity vo, height H, and acceleration due to gravity g for the block to land in the center of the toboggan. The second answer gives the resulting velocity v of the block and toboggan, taking into account the height H, initial velocity vo, and distance D from the base of the cliff to the center of the toboggan.
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A man is holding a 5kg weight ball. What is the weight of the ball?
Simple net force problems ( always draw FBd/free body diagram and utilize guess)
(Guess-given,unknown,equations,set-up, and solve)
Answer:
1000kg
Explanation:
I'm smart I am a genius I know everything so I know it is 1000kg
1)Pitch is measure of the ____________ of sound.
(a) amplitude (b) wavelength (c) time period (d) frequency
2)A book placed on a shelf can be seen from any part of that room due to _________.
(a) regular reflection
(b) clear reflection
(c) diffused reflection
(d) parallel reflection
3)Two mirrors A and B are placed at right angles to each other. A ray of light incident
on mirror A at an angle of 25° falls on mirror B after reflection. The angle of reflection
for the ray reflected from mirror B would be
Answer:
1) wave length
2) parallel reflection
A bar magnet was placed underneath a sheet of paper where a pile of iron filings sits. In the presence of the energy stored in the magnetic field, the iron filings arranged themselves, creating lines of force. How do the energy and the lines of force change when a stronger bar magnet is used
Answer: 1. The field energy will increase
2. The energy increases, and the lines of force are denser
3. It points toward the field of earths magnetic poles
4. 1 and 2 only
5. 2, 4, 1, 3
Explanation: just took it
10th grade Physical Science.... Help plss
1.) Which option is a negatively charged ion?
A) chloride
b) chlorate
c) chlorite
d) chlorine
2.) When moving across a period from left to right in the periodic table, excluding transition elements, which trend occurs?
a)Valence electrons increase by one.
b)The energy levels increase by one.
c)Valence electrons decrease by one.
d)The energy levels decrease by one.
3.) Which information about an atom can a period number give you?
a)the number of valence electrons it has
b)the ionic charge it forms
c)how many bonds it will make
d)how many energy levels it has
4.) Fluorine has 7 valence electrons. Which charge is its ion likely to have?
a)5+
b)1–
c)5-
d)1+
5.)Which two elements in the list would bond together based on their ionic charges?
a)calcium and potassium
b)potassium and iodine
c)calcium and neon
d)potassium and neon
Use the list to answer the question.
potassium, Group 1
calcium, Group 2
iodine, Group 17
neon, Group 18
The periodic table is an arrangement of elements into groups and periods based on their periodic properties. Elements a placed in these groups and periods.
1) A negatively charged ion is chloride
2) Moving from left to right, valence electrons increase by one.
3) The period number gives information about how many energy levels it has
4) Fluorine has a charge of 1–
5) Potassium and iodine form an ionic bond.
In the periodic table, elements are arranged in groups and periods. There are 18 groups and 8 periods.
Chlorine is in group 17, there have seven outermost electrons hence the chlorine atom needs only one more electron in order to attain a stable octet. This is done by accepting one electron to form the negatively charged chloride ion.
As we move from one period to another, one extra electron is added to the outermost shell of elements. Hence, the valence electrons increases by one.
The period to which an element belongs shows you the number of shells or energy levels in the atom of that element.
Fluorine is in group 17. One electron is needed to achieve a stable octet. When an atom accepts one electron, its charge is 1–.
Bonding based on ionic charges occurs between metals and nonmetals. Potassium is a metal of group 1 and iodine is a non metal of group 17 hence they can bond together based on their ionic charges.
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