(a) Which of the following atoms is smallest: vanadium, chromium or tungsten? (b) Which of these atoms has the highest ionization energy? (c) Which is the most electronegative?

In my own opinion, scientists should continue to try create super heavy elements and expand the periodic simply because these elements will help understand better, nuclei structure, properties and its reactions

An element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler forms by an ordinary chemical process. This simply goes to say that elements are substances which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions.

An atom is the smallest unit or part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.

On a general note, elements are classified as thus:

So therefore, in my own opinion, scientists should continue to try create super heavy elements and expand the periodic simply because these elements will help understand better, nuclei structure, properties and its reactions

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Problem #1: If you dilute 175 mL of a 1.6 M solution of LiCl to 1.0 L, determine the new concentration of the solution.

Solution:

M1V1 = M2V2

(1.6 mol/L) (175 mL) = (x) (1000 mL)

x = 0.28 M

Note that 1000 mL was used rather than 1.0 L. Remember to keep the volume units consistent.

Problem #2: You need to make 10.0 L of 1.2 M KNO3. What molarity would the potassium nitrate solution need to be if you were to use only 2.5 L of it?

Solution:

M1V1 = M2V2

(x) (2.5 L) = (1.2 mol/L) (10.0 L)

x = 4.8 M

Please note how I use the molarity unit, mol/L, in the calculation rather than the molarity symbol, M.

Problem #3: How many milliliters of 5.0 M copper(II) sulfate solution must be added to 160 mL of water to achieve a 0.30 M copper(II) sulfate solution?

Solution:

M1V1 = M2V2

(5.00 mol/L) (x) = (0.3 mol/L) (160 + x)

5x = 48 + 0.3x

4.7x = 48

x = 10. mL (to two sig figs)

The solution to this problem assumes that the volumes are additive. That's the '160 + x' that is V2.

Problem #4: What volume of 4.50 M HCl can be made by mixing 5.65 M HCl with 250.0 mL of 3.55 M HCl?

Solution:

Here is the first way to solve this problem:

M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3

(3.55) (0.250) + (5.65) (x) = (4.50) (0.250 + x)

Where x is volume of 5.65 M HCl that is added

(0.250 + x) is total resultant volume

0.8875 + 5.65x = 1.125 + 4.50 x

1.15x = 0.2375

x= 0.2065 L

Total amount of 4.50 M HCl is then (0.250 + 0.2065) = 0.4565 L

Total amount = 456.5 mL

Here is the second way to solve this problem:

Since the amount of 5.65 M added is not asked for, there is no need to solve for it.

M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3

(3.55) (250) + (5.65) (x − 250) = (4.50) (x)

That way, x is the answer you want, the final volume of the solution, rather than x being the amount of 5.65 M solution that is added.

Problem #5: A 40.0 mL volume of 1.80 M Fe(NO3)3 is mixed with 21.5 mL of 0.808M Fe(NO3)3 solution. Calculate the molar concentration of the final solution.

A) Keep temperature constant and increase the pressure of the reaction; reaction rate will increase.

The temperature and pressure of a reaction will affect the rate of reaction.

Pressure

Pressure and the rate of reaction have a direct relationship. This means that as one increases, so does the other. So, if the pressure increases. then the rate of reaction will also increase. This is due to the number of collisions. As pressure increases, the number of collisions between molecules increases. This causes the reaction to occur faster. Thus, the rate of reaction increases.

Temperature

Kinetic energy and temperature are proportional. This means that as temperature increases, so does kinetic energy. This leads to temperature and rate of reaction also having a direct relationship. So, temperature and rate of reaction increase and decrease together. This is due to the fact that when temperature increases, the energy of the molecules increases. This leads to an increased number of collisions. As stated above, more collisions lead to a faster reaction.

The name of the salt tells us that:

a) there is just one other element combined with the metal by looking at the suffix of the salt's name.

b) the presence of oxygen in a salt can be indicated by the name of the salt.

a) The name of a salt can tell us that there is just one other element combined with the metal by looking at the suffix of the salt's name. If the salt name ends in "-ide," it indicates that the salt is composed of a metal and a single non-metal element.
For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium bromide (KBr) are salts where the metal (sodium and potassium) is combined with a single non-metal element (chlorine and bromine, respectively). The "-ide" suffix suggests the presence of only one other element in the salt.

b) The presence of oxygen in a salt can be indicated by the name of the salt. If the salt name includes the element oxygen, it suggests that oxygen is present in the salt compound.
For example, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) contain the element oxygen in their chemical formulas. The presence of oxygen in the salt is implied by the name and the combination of elements in the compound.

Therefore, the name of salt tells us that there is just one other element combined with the metal and there is oxygen present in the salt

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Here is the atomic model in the picture.

The shells are present outside the nucleus of an atom, where the electrons are said to be present. The atom of Mg²⁺ has a full outer shell. Thus, option C is correct.

An atom is the unit of the molecule that comprises sub-atomic particles, electrons, protons, and neutrons. The electron is present in the shells of the atom and can be completely filled by forming the bonds.

Magnesium has atomic number 12 and its electronic configuration is given as 2, 8, 2. When it gives or donates 2 electrons it becomes positively charged and now has completely filled outer shell.

Therefore, option C. Mg²⁺ has a full outer shell.

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Density is calculated using the following equation:

where m is the mass and v is the volume.

p = 299.8 g/74.2mL

p = 4.040431267 g/mL

The number of significant figures in this amount of density is 10 if you do not round off.

.

The molarity of the solution if 3.2 moles of MgCl, are dissolved in 1.3 liters of water is 2.46 M.

The molarity of a solution is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.

The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles in the substance by its volume as follows:

molarity = no of moles ÷ volume

According to this question, 3.2 moles of MgCl, are dissolved in 1.3 liters of water. The molarity is as follows:

Molarity = 3.2mol ÷ 1.3L

Molarity = 2.46 M

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Answer:

4

Explanation:

Precision relates to the consistency and reproducibility of measurements, while accuracy reflects how close measurements are to the true value.

Precision and accuracy are two important concepts in the context of errors in measurements. While they both pertain to the quality of data, they refer to different aspects.

Precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility in a series of measurements. It reflects the scatter or spread of data points around the average value. If the measurements have low scatter and are tightly clustered, they are considered precise. On the other hand, if the measurements have a high scatter and are widely dispersed, they are considered imprecise.

Accuracy, on the other hand, refers to the closeness of measurements to the true or target value. It represents how well the measured values align with the actual value. Accuracy is achieved when measurements have a small systematic or constant error, which is the difference between the average measured value and the true value.

Errors in measurements can be classified into two types: random errors and systematic errors.

Random errors are associated with the inherent limitations of measurement instruments or fluctuations in the measurement process. They lead to imprecise data and affect the precision of measurements. Random errors can be reduced by repeating measurements and calculating the average to minimize the effect of individual errors.

Systematic errors, on the other hand, are caused by consistent biases or inaccuracies in the measurement process. They affect the accuracy of measurements and lead to a deviation from the true value. Systematic errors can arise from factors such as instrumental calibration issues, environmental conditions, or experimental techniques. These errors need to be identified and minimized to improve the accuracy of measurements.

In summary, precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility of measurements, while accuracy refers to the closeness of measurements to the true value. Random errors affect precision, while systematic errors affect accuracy. To ensure high-quality measurements, both precision and accuracy need to be considered and appropriate techniques should be employed to minimize errors.

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The expression for the volume of liquid flowing per unit time through the cylindrical tube is (π∆P\(r^4\))/(8ηl) ∆t.

To derive an expression for the volume of liquid flowing per unit time through a cylindrical tube, we can apply the principles of fluid mechanics, considering the pressure gradient, viscosity coefficient, and tube radius.

The volume flow rate (Q) is defined as the volume of fluid passing through a cross-sectional area per unit time. In this case, we will consider the flow through a cylindrical tube of radius r and length l.

The Hagen-Poiseuille equation describes the flow rate in terms of the pressure gradient (∆P), viscosity coefficient (η), and tube dimensions:

Q = (π∆P \(r^4\))/(8ηl)

where k = π/8 is a constant.

To derive the expression for the volume of liquid flowing per unit time (∆V/∆t), we need to multiply the flow rate (Q) by the time interval (∆t):

∆V/∆t = Q ∆t

= (π∆P \(r^4\))/(8ηl) ∆t

Now, if we assume a constant pressure difference (∆P) and substitute k = π/8, the expression becomes:

∆V/∆t = (k∆P \(r^4\))/(ηl) ∆t

Simplifying further:

∆V/∆t = (π∆P\(r^4\))/(8ηl) ∆t

So, the expression for the volume of liquid flowing per unit time through the cylindrical tube is (π∆P \(r^4\))/(8ηl) ∆t.

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Answer:

100 rbed  KJ |0| +2k

Explanation:

The empirical formula of the compound is C₂H₁₆S₂N₃O.

The moles of each element is as follows::

For CO₂:

Carbon (C) has a molar mass of 12.01 g/mol.

Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.

Moles of C in CO₂ = 2.08 g / 12.01 g/mol = 0.173 moles

Moles of O in CO₂ = 2.08 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.130 moles

For H₂O:

Hydrogen (H) has a molar mass of 1.01 g/mol.

Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.

Moles of H in H₂O = 1.28 g / 1.01 g/mol = 1.27 moles

Moles of O in H₂O = 1.28 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.080 moles

For SO₃:

Sulfur (S) has a molar mass of 32.06 g/mol.

Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.

Moles of S in SO₃ = 4.77 g / 32.06 g/mol = 0.149 moles

Moles of O in SO₃ = 4.77 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.298 moles

For HNO₃:

Hydrogen (H) has a molar mass of 1.01 g/mol.

Nitrogen (N) has a molar mass of 14.01 g/mol.

Oxygen (O) has a molar mass of 16.00 g/mol.

Moles of H in HNO₃ = 3.48 g / 1.01 g/mol = 3.45 moles

Moles of N in HNO₃ = 3.48 g / 14.01 g/mol = 0.248 moles

Moles of O in HNO₃ = 3.48 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.217 moles

The simplest whole-number ratio of the elements will be:

Carbon: 0.173 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 2.16

Hydrogen: 1.27 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 15.88

Sulfur: 0.149 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 1.86

Nitrogen: 0.248 moles / 0.080 moles ≈ 3.10

Oxygen: 0.080 moles / 0.080 moles = 1

Therefore, the empirical formula is C₂H₁₆S₂N₃O.

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The temperature inside the freezer is approximately -164°C.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law equation:

\((P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2\)

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, and T is the temperature of the gas.

We know that the initial volume of the balloon is 145 mL and the final volume is 35 mL. We also know that the initial temperature is 25°C or 298 K, and we need to find the final temperature.

Assuming the pressure of the gas remains constant, we can rearrange the combined gas law equation to solve for the final temperature:

\(T2 = (P2V2/T1)(P1/V1)\)

Plugging in the values we know, we get:

\(T2 = (1 atm * 35 mL/298 K)(1 atm/145 mL) = 0.0808 atm/mL\)

Multiplying both sides by 298 K and dividing by 0.0808 atm/mL, we get:

T2 = 109.15 K or approximately -164°C

Therefore, the temperature inside the freezer is approximately -164°C.

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The statement "All organic compounds contain the element carbon, but not all compounds containing the element 'carbon' are organic" can be justified based on the definition and characteristics of organic compounds.

Organic compounds are compounds primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, often with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These compounds are typically associated with living organisms and are known for their unique properties and behavior, including the ability to form complex structures, exhibit covalent bonding, and undergo organic reactions.

On the other hand, there are compounds that contain carbon but are not classified as organic. One notable example is carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)), which is a simple inorganic compound composed of carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide does not possess the characteristic properties of organic compounds, such as the ability to form long chains or undergo organic reactions.

Additionally, there are inorganic compounds like carbonates (such as calcium carbonate) and carbides (such as calcium carbide) that contain carbon but are not considered organic. These compounds have distinct chemical and physical properties different from those of organic compounds.

In summary, while all organic compounds contain carbon, not all compounds containing carbon are organic. The classification of a compound as organic or inorganic depends on its overall molecular structure, bonding, and characteristic properties.

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Answer:

55.0 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation for the production of oxygen

2 CO₂(g)⇒ 2 CO(g) + O₂(g)

Step 2: Calculate the mass of oxygen produced over a 2 hour period

The MOXIE produces 10.0 g of oxygen per hour.

2 h × 10.0 g/1 h = 20.0 g

Step 3: Calculate the moles corresponding to 20.0 g of O₂

The molar mass of O₂ is 32.00 g/mol.

20.0 g × 1 mol/32.00 g = 0.625 mol

Step 4: Calculate the number of moles of CO₂ needed to produce 0.625 moles of O₂

The molar ratio of CO₂ to O₂ is 2:1. The moles of CO₂ needed are 2/1 × 0.625 mol = 1.25 mol

Step 5: Calculate the mass corresponding to 1.25 moles of CO₂

The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol.

1.25 mol × 44.01 g/mol = 55.0 g

Answer:

12.084 lb

Explanation:

1 gram = 0.00220462 lb

multiply number of grams by 0.00220462

Ex. 2000 g x 0.00220462 = 4.409 pounds

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

3.12 x 25.6 = 79.9 g

The following are categorized into polar or nonpolar molecules:

a) Beryllium chloride (BeCl₂) is a nonpolar molecule. The Be-Cl bond is polar due to the electronegativity difference between beryllium and chlorine, but the molecule is linear with the two polar bonds pointing in opposite directions, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero.

b) Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) is a polar molecule. The H-S bond is polar due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and sulfur, and the molecule has a bent shape, resulting in a net dipole moment that is not zero.

c) Sulphur trioxide (SO₃) is a nonpolar molecule. The S-O bonds are polar due to the electronegativity difference between sulfur and oxygen, but the molecule is trigonal planar with the three polar bonds pointing in different directions, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero.

d) Water (H₂O) is a polar molecule. The H-O bond is polar due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and oxygen, and the molecule has a bent shape, resulting in a net dipole moment that is not zero.

e) Trichloromethane (CHCl₃) is a polar molecule. The C-Cl bonds are polar due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and chlorine, and the molecule has a tetrahedral shape, resulting in a net dipole moment that is not zero.

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Answer:

The element with 17 protons, 18 electrons and 17 electrons(because number of protons is equal to number of electrons) is a negatively charged Chlorine ion. (Cl-)

Answer:

Your body naturally gets rid of its waste and in your community/home also has sewers and gutters to also get rid of waste.

Answer: b) calcium sulfide

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Ions are either negatively or positively charged species in which the number of electrons and protons are not equal.

2. The chemical bond that arises due to the sharing of electrons is termed a covalent bond.

3. The positively charged ions are called cations, which comprise more protons than electrons.

4. An example of a polyatomic anion is the hydroxide anion.

5. The system of assigning an unambiguous name to a compound is called nomenclature.

Answer:

Explanation:

The force acting on an object given it's mass and acceleration can be found by using the formula

From the question

mass = 2 kg

acceleration = 3 m/s²

We have

Force = 2 × 3

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

8Ag2S--->16Ag+S8

Explanation:

thats your answer hope it helps

The statement which best describes the first stage of cellular respiration is the break down of glucose. That is the glycolysis thus, d is correct.

Individual cells use cellular respiration to break down food molecules like glucose and release energy. The process is similar to burning, but it does not produce as much light or heat as a campfire.

This is due to the fact that cellular respiration slowly releases the energy in glucose in many small steps. It converts the released energy into molecules of ATP, the energy-carrying molecules that cells use to power biochemical processes.

The first stage in cellular respiration is the break down of glucose called glycolysis. Hence, option d is correct.

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Your complete question is as follows:

Which statements best describe the first stage of cellular respiration? Select three options.

the stage happens in cytoplasm [ ]

The stage happens in mitochondria

Oxygen combines with small molecules[ ]

Glucose is broken down

Energy is released