A tank contains 8l of water in which is dissolved 32 g (grams) of chemical. a solution containing 2 g/l. The amount of chemical in the tank after 20 minutes is 98.66 g.
Given that:
rate r1 = 4 L/min
rate r2 = 2 L/min
concentration c1 = 2 g/L
V(0) = 8 L
A(0) = 32 g
the equation is given as :
ΔV = r1 Δt - r2Δt
dV/dt = 2
integrating the condition , we get
V(t) = 2(t+4)
ΔA = c1r1 Δt - c2r2 Δt
dA/ dt = 8-2c2
c2 = A/ V
dA/dt = 8 - 2A/ V
now by putting the value of V, we get
dA / dt + 1 / t + 4 A = 8
linear equation has integrating factor :
I = e^ ∫ 1/( t + 4) dt = t + 4
d [ ( t + 4)A] / dt = 8 (t + 4)
(t+ 4 )A = 4(t + 4)² + c
A(t) = (1 / t + 4 ) [ 4(t + 4)² + c]
A(0) = 32 means c = 64
A(20) = (1/6) [(24)² + 16]
= 296 / 3
= 98.66 g
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the ph of a solution of acetic acid is measured to be . calculate the acid dissociation constant of acetic acid. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Acetic acid's acid dissociation constant (Ka) is approximately 2.95× \(10^{(-3)}\).
The pH of a solution is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.
The relationship between pH, Ka, and the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base is
\(pH = pK_{a} +log \frac{[A^{-}]}{[HA]}\) where \([A^{-}]\) is the concentration of \(CH_{3}COO^{-}\).
In this case, the pH is given as 2.47, and the concentration of acetic acid is 0.63 M. We can assume that the concentration of the conjugate base (acetate ion, \(CH_{3}COO^{-}\)) is inappreciable as compared to the concentration of the acid. It is because the given acid is a weak acid and does not dissociate easily.
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can rearrange it to solve for pKa:
\(pK_{a} = pH-log\frac{[A^{-}]}{[HA]}.\)
As the concentration of the conjugate base is very less so, we can simplify the equation to:
\(pKa = pH \\Ka =10^{(-pKa)}=10^{(-2.47)}.\)
So, Ka ≈ 2.95 × \(10^{(-3)}\).
The complete question is
The pH of a 0.63 M solution of acetic acid is measured to be 2.47. Calculate the acid dissociation constant K of acetic acid. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
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Use an example of how we use an informal kind of scientific method in our everyday lives
Answer:
baking cookies
Explanation:
One example of using a scientific method is baking cookies. You make a hypothesis that you cookies will be done in 15 minutes. Then, after 15 minutes, you see that either your hypothesis was correct and you cookies are perfect or you need to bake them longer making you hypothesis incorrect. (please change the wording up a bit if you want. i tried to make it make the most sense)
Answer:
Explanation:
When you loose your phone. You try to remember where you last used your phone, and question yourself where you might have left it. If you say that you probably left it in the kitchen, that would be like your hypothesis. Then you go look for it where you thought you left it which would be your experiment. If maybe it is not there that would be like your conclusion so you would reject your hypothesis because it was wrong. Then you try the scientific method again but with a different hypothesis, like that maybe you left it in the living room. You do your experiment which is when you go look for it. In the conclusion if your hypothesis was right you accept your hypothesis. That can be an example of how we use the scientific method in our everyday lives.
Which stage of the scientific process enables a scientist to check the work of other scientists? (1 point)
classifying
concluding
hypothesizing
communicatingType a message
Answer:
communicating
Explanation:
.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
A) Global annual CO2 emissions have increased by approximately 3 Gt from the year 1800 to today.
B) The CO2 concentration today is almost 400 ppm and is increasing at 15 to 20 ppm per decade.
C) Global CO2 concentrations have increased by approximately 100 ppm from the year 1800 to today.
D) The change in CO2 concentration during each of the last several glacial cycles was approximately 1,000 ppm.
The entire amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere each year as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes is referred to as global annual CO₂ emissions. Here (a), (b), (c) are true and on the other hand (d) is false.
A) True : Global annual CO₂ emissions have indeed increased by approximately 3 Gt (gigatons) from the year 1800 to today.
B) True : The current CO₂ concentration is indeed close to 400 ppm (parts per million) and is increasing at a rate of 15 to 20 ppm per decade.
C) True : Global CO₂ concentrations have increased by approximately 100 ppm from the year 1800 to today.
D) False : The change in CO₂ concentration during each of the last several glacial cycles was not approximately 1,000 ppm. The change in CO₂ concentration during glacial cycles is estimated to be around 100 ppm, with the interglacial (warmer) periods having higher concentrations.
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What is the maximum amount of sugar that will completely dissolved in 20 mL of water?
To get a saturated solution, we must dissolve 200 divide by 100 multiply by 20 grams of sugar in 20 l of water. The alternative to this statement is 40 grams of sugar.
Describe saturated solution and provide an example.The highest concentrations of an immediately following in the solvent is called a saturated solution, and any more solute will not breakdown in a liquid medium. Example: A sugar solution.
What causes a saturated solution to form?The sodium ions leave the exterior of the solids when a solvent containing the solute is added, becoming solvated by the solution and initially creating an imbalanced solution. The solution reaches saturation when the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve has done so.
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niacin is one of the b vitamins with the formula hc5h4nco2. consider a 0.020m solution of niacin with a ph of 3.26. use this information to find the ka of niacin.
a. 5.9 x 10 ^-9
b. 1.5 x 10 ^-5
c. 5.5 x 10 ^-4
d. 3.3 x 10 ^-3
e. 6.6 x 10 ^4
The Ka of niacin can be calculated using the pH and concentration of the niacin solution as 5.9 × 10⁻⁹. Niacin is a weak acid. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is the meaning of the Ka of a weak acid?The acidity constant of a weak acid is known as the Ka. It is a measure of the acidity of a weak acid, which is a substance that does not completely dissociate in water. The expression for the acid dissociation of the weak acid (HA) can be given as follows:
HA ⇋ H⁺ + A⁻
Initially, the concentration of the HA in the solution is [HA]. When an acid is added to the water, the concentration of hydrogen ion [H⁺] is increased. At the same time, the concentration of the conjugate base [A⁻] increases. At equilibrium, the concentration of the three substances will be as follows:
[H⁺] = x[A⁻] = x[HA] = [HA] - x
The pH of a solution can be calculated from [H⁺] as follows:
pH = - log10 [H⁺]
The Ka is calculated using the equilibrium expression below:
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻] / [HA]
Substitute the given values into the equations.
pH = 3.26
pH = -log10 [H+]
[H+] = 6.9 × 10⁻⁴
[HA] = 0.02M
Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]
Ka = (6.9 × 10⁻⁴)² / (0.02 - 6.9 × 10⁻⁴)
Ka = 5.9 × 10⁻⁹
Hence, the Ka of niacin is 5.9 × 10⁻⁹.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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A group of scientists have obtained some experimental results.
How would the group best find out whether their study is worth more time and resources?
To determine whether their study is worth more time and resources, the group of scientists can consider the following steps: Evaluate the significance of the results, Peer review and expert feedback, Conduct additional experiments or studies.
Evaluate the significance of the results: The scientists should carefully analyze the experimental results to assess their scientific and practical importance.
They need to determine if the outcomes align with the research goals, contribute to existing knowledge, or have potential applications in their field. If the results demonstrate promising findings or address important research questions, it indicates that further investigation could be worthwhile.
Peer review and expert feedback: Submitting the study for peer review is crucial for obtaining feedback from other experts in the field. Peer reviewers can provide valuable insights, identify potential limitations, and offer suggestions for improvement. Constructive feedback from peers is essential in assessing the scientific rigor and potential impact of the study.
Conduct additional experiments or studies: If the initial results show promise but require further validation or replication, the scientists may need to design additional experiments or studies to strengthen their findings.
These follow-up experiments can provide more robust evidence, address any potential limitations, or explore related aspects of the research question.
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A _____ ionic compound is a polyatomic ionic compound composed of three or more different elements.
Answer:
ternary
Explanation:
A ternary ionic compound is a polyatomic ionic compound composed of three or more different elements.
What is ionic compound?An ionic compound is a chemical complex made up of ions that are held together through electrostatic forces. The molecule is essentially neutral, however, it contains positively charged cations as well as negatively charged anions.
What is ternary ionic compound?An ionic compound with three components is known as a ternary ionic compound. One type of cation including one type of anion are still present in a typical ternary ionic combination. Polyatomic ions are cations, anion, or both.
Therefore, a ternary ionic compound is a polyatomic ionic compound composed of three or more different elements.
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Select the correct units of absorbance in UV? vis spectroscopy. Absorbance is typically measured in units of cm. Absorbance has no units. Absorbance is typically measured in units of nanometers. Absorbance is typically measured in units of hertz.
Absorbance in UV-vis spectroscopy is a dimensionless quantity and does not have any units associated with it. Therefore, the correct answer is that absorbance has no units.
In UV-vis spectroscopy, absorbance is a logarithmic measure of the amount of light absorbed by a sample at a specific wavelength. It is calculated using the formula A = log10(I0/I), where I0 is the intensity of the incident light and I is the intensity of the transmitted light. The absorbance value provides information about the concentration or molar absorptivity of the absorbing species in the sample.
The use of absorbance, which is a dimensionless quantity, allows for easier comparison and interpretation of data across different wavelengths and instruments. It is a relative measure that describes the fraction of light absorbed by the sample. By measuring the absorbance at different wavelengths, a UV-vis spectrum can be obtained, which provides valuable information about the electronic structure and composition of the sample.
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look at 3 or 4 other atoms using the simulation. Do any of them ahve a whole number for atomic mass?
Answer:
There are three isotopes of silicons. They have masses numbers of 28, 29 and 30. The average amount of silicons is 28.086alum
Explanation:
I learned this in class three days ago so I hope this is helpful i'm in high school ask me for help when ever you want Iĺl help you
determine the quantities shown below for a solution that is 0.0840 m in methylamine,ch3nh2. the ka for the ch3nh3 ion is 2.33 ✕ 10−10. kw = 1.000 ✕ 10−14
Given,Concentration of CH3NH2, c = 0.0840 mKa of CH3NH3+, Ka = 2.33 × 10^-10Kw = 1.000 × 10^-14We need to determine the following quantities.
[H3O+], [OH-], [CH3NH3+], % ionization.Let's find the value of Kb for CH3NH2 and then we can use it to calculate [OH-].We know that,Kw = Ka × Kb1.000 × 10^-14 = 2.33 × 10^-10 × KbKb = 4.29 × 10^-5pKb = -log(Kb) = -log(4.29 × 10^-5) = 4.37pH + pOH = pKw = 14pOH = 14 - pHWe know that methylamine is a weak base and it reacts with water to form the following equilibrium.CH3NH2 + H2O ⇌ CH3NH3+ + OH-Initial Conc(c) 0 0 0Equilibrium c-x x xOn writing the Kb expression, we getKb = [CH3NH3+][OH-]/[CH3NH2][OH-] = Kb × [CH3NH2]/[CH3NH3+][OH-] = [CH3NH2]/KbTherefore, x/Kb = [OH-]x = [OH-] = Kb × [CH3NH2] / = 4.29 × 10^-5 × 0.0840 / = 3.61 × 10^-6Now,pH + pOH = 14pH + 3.14 = 14pH = 10.86[H3O+] = 10^-pH = 1.26 × 10^-11Let's calculate the % ionization.% ionization = (concentration of CH3NH3+ at equilibrium / initial concentration of CH3NH2) × 100% ionization = (x/c) × 100% ionization = (3.61 × 10^-6/0.0840) × 100% ionization = 0.0043%Therefore, the quantities shown below for a solution that is 0.0840 m in methylamine are,[H3O+] = 1.26 × 10^-11[OH-] = 3.61 × 10^-6[CH3NH3+] = 3.61 × 10^-6% ionization = 0.0043%
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Do you think it's possible for a renewable resource such as water to become depleted or
reach near depletion? Explain.
1. Assign the oxidation numbers to each atom in the following compounds or ions:
a. HF
b. Cla
c. H₂O
d. Pls
e. CS₂
f. Na₂O₂
B. H₂CO3
h. NO₂
i. SO4²
The following ions or compounds' oxidation numbers for each atom (a.)+1,-1 d. +3,-1 g. +1,+4,-2 (b). +4,-1 e. +4,-2 h. +3,-2 (c.) +1,-2 f. +1,-1 i. +6,-2.
What are instances of oxidation numbers?All alkali earth metal ions always have an oxidation number of +2. All metal ions in the boron family have an oxidation number of +3. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 in proton (H+) and -1 in hydride. Oxygen has an oxidation number of two in oxide ions (O2-) and one in peroxide ions (O-O2-).
How would one define oxidation?When an object comes into touch with oxygen or the other oxidizer, a chemical reaction occurs. Rust and the brown hue of a sliced apple are examples of oxidation.
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Two isotopes of potassium are K-37 and K-42. Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why K-37
and K-42 are isotopes of potassium.
what is used in conjunction with a scale balance to weigh dry chemicals
What is the chemical name for 1 nitrogen atom,
2 hydrogen atom?
NH3 has 1 Nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atoms.
State one potential benefit of using nuclear fusion instead of the current use
of nuclear fission to produce electricity.
The statement, that describes potential benefit of using nuclear fusion to produce electricity is "no carbon emission, production of less radioactive waste and energy efficiency."
What is nuclear fusion?Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei merge to produce a single heavier one, releasing huge quantities of energy in the process. Fusion power is a suggested method of generating electricity by utilising heat from nuclear fusion processes.
Fusion reactors, unlike fission reactors, cannot sustain a chain reaction and so can never melt down.
If the correct atoms are used, the fusion reaction creates very little or no radioactive waste. Small amounts of helium, an inert gas that can be safely released without hurting the environment or energy efficiency, are the only byproducts of fusion processes. Less radioactive waste is produced during the fusion process. The fusion reactant is more widely available.
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based on the sucrose solution tests, which would be preferred to make a solution: a tablet, a capsule, or loose powder? why?
Based on the sucrose solution tests, a loose powder would be preferred to make a solution.
Loose powder dissolves faster and more easily in the solution than a tablet or a capsule. This allows for the solution to be made more quickly and with less effort. Additionally, loose powder allows for more precise and accurate measurements of the substance to be added to the solution, which can be important for ensuring the correct concentration of the solution.
Overall, the ease of dissolving and the ability to accurately measure the substance make loose powder the preferred choice for making a solution.
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do elements in your body occur as free elements?
Answer: The four most abundant elements in the human body – hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen – account for more than 99 per cent of the atoms inside you. They are found throughout your body, mostly as water but also as components of biomolecules such as proteins, fats, DNA and carbohydrates.
Explanation:
what are the products from the following reaction? br2/ch2cl2 a) i and ii b) i and iii c) i and iv d) ii and iii e) ii and iv
c. I and IV
Moreover, Because bromine is a liquid that is easier to handle than chlorine gas, many halogen additions are made with bromine. Inert solvents such as methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) or carbon chloride (CCl4) are typically used for halogen addition, as these solvents dissolve both halogens and alkenes.
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the common ion effect for weak acids is to significantly decrease the dissociation of the acid in water. explain the common ion effect.
The common ion effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a salt is dissolved in a solution that already contains one of its constituent ions. It causes the equilibrium position of the acid or base dissociation reaction to shift to the left. This is because the addition of the common ion,
in this case, decreases the solubility of the salt, making it more difficult for the acid to ionize. The main answer is that the common ion effect for weak acids is to significantly decrease the dissociation of the acid in water.Therefore, when a weak acid is dissolved in a solution that already contains a common ion, it will have a lower concentration of hydrogen ions than if it was dissolved in pure water. This decreases the extent of dissociation and makes the solution less acidic.
For example, if acetic acid is dissolved in a solution of sodium acetate, the acetate ions will already be present in the solution. When the acetic acid dissociates, it will be in equilibrium with the acetate ions from the sodium acetate, causing the dissociation of the acid to decrease. Thus, the common ion effect can be used to control the pH of a solution by adding a salt that contains the common ion of an acid or a base.
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List the procedural steps, from start to finish, that are required to convert 2‑naphthol and allyl bromide into allyl 2‑naphthyl ether.
Catalysis is the process of boosting the pace of a chemical reaction by using a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and so survive it.
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How can you determine the total number of electrons that an atom has from the Periodic Table?
Answer:
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z).
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons.
Hope it worked
How warm or cold it feels to us is the ________ temperature. 5) A) latent B) dewpoint C) sensible D) common E) adiabatic
Answer:
How warm or cold it feels to us is the sensible temperature.
Explanation:
The term sensible temperature is used to describe how warm or cold it feels to us. It is a measure of the temperature of the air that can be physically felt by the human body. Sensible temperature is affected by many factors, including the actual temperature of the air, humidity, wind speed, and exposure to solar radiation. It is important to note that the sensible temperature is not the same as the actual temperature of the air, as measured by a thermometer. The actual temperature may be higher or lower than the sensible temperature, depending on the conditions. Additionally, it can vary greatly within a small area, depending on factors such as exposure to the sun or wind.
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Balanced Chemical Equation: hclo3(aq)+hbr(aq)→hcl(aq)+br2(g)+h2o(l)
The balanced chemical equation of HClO₃ + HBr → HCl + Br₂ + H₂O is HClO₃ + 6HBr → HCl + 3Br₂ + H₂O.
HClO₃ + HBr → HCl + Br₂ + H₂O
To balance number of O atoms
HClO₃ + HBr → HCl + Br₂ + 3H₂O
To balance number of H atoms
HClO₃ + 6HBr → HCl + Br₂ + 3H₂O
To balance number of Br atoms
HClO₃ + 6HBr → HCl + 3Br₂ + H₂O
This is the balanced equation.
It represents the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid (HClO3) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) to form hydrochloric acid (HCl), bromine (Br2) and water (H2O).
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Based on the differences in electronegativities, with which atom is francium (fr) most likely to form an ionic bond?
Answer: An ionic bond will be most likely formed between francium and chlorine having an electronegativity difference of 2.46.
Explanation:
a bottle of water contains 20 oz of water. 1oz is equal to 29.57 milliliters. determine how many millimeters are in the bottle of water
Answer:
591.471 MILLIMETERS
Explanation:
Formula
for an approximate result, multiply the volume value by 29.574
29.574*20=591.471
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Determina el grado de pureza de un marmol (CaCO3), si al descomponerse 125 g del mismo se desprenden 20 litros de dióxido de carbono medidos a 15ºC y 1 atm.
Answer:
67.8%
Explanation:
La reacción de descomposición del CaCO₃ es:
CaCO₃ → CO₂ + CaO
Donde 1 mol de CaCO₃ al descomponerse produce 1 mol de CO₂ y 1 mol de CaO.
Usando la ley general de los gases, las moles de dioxido de carbono son:
PV = nRT.
Donde P es presión (1atm), V es volumen (20L), n son moles de gas, R es la constante de los gases (0.082atmL/molK) y T es temperatura absoluta (15 + 273.15 = 288.15K). Reemplazando los valores en la ecuación:
PV / RT = n
1atmₓ20L / 0.082atmL/molKₓ288.15K = 0.846 moles
Como 1 mol de CO₂ es producido desde 1 mol de CaCO₃, las moles iniciales de CaCO₃ son 0.846moles.
La masa molar de CaCO₃ es 100.087g/mol. Así, la masa de 0.846moles de CaCO₃ es:
0.846moles ₓ (100.087g / mol) = 84.7g de CaCO₃
Así, la pureza del marmol es:
(84.7g de CaCO₃ / 125g) ₓ 100 =
67.8%What can be said about the concentrations of reactants relative to the concentrations of products at equilibrium? A) [Reactants] = [Products) B) [Reactants] > [Products] C) [Reactants) < [Products) D) (Reactants]/[Products] = Constant
At the state of equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants relative to the concentrations of products will be A) [Reactants] = [Products].
In the field of chemistry, equilibrium can be described as a state during which the amount of reactants is equal to the amount of product that is being produced from the reaction.
In other words, there are equal moles of the reactants as well as equal moles of the products at the stage of equilibrium for a reaction.
When writing the state of equilibrium in a reaction, we will represent this stage as [Reactants] = [Products]. After this stage, more of the reactants will be utilized for the formation of products.
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In this reaction, how many grams of O2 are required to completely react with 110 grams of Al
Answer:
98 g
Explanation:
Start with the balanced equation. Then, make a little chart under the equation showing the information you have and need.
3O₂(g) + 4Al(s) → 2Al₂O₃(s)
m ? 110 g
M ___ ____
n ___ <= ____
"m" is for mass. "M" is for molar mass (some teachers use "MM"). "n" is for the number of moles.
To find the mass of oxygen:
Calculate the molar mass of oxygen (\(M_{O_{2}\))Calculate molar mass of aluminum (\(M_{Al}\))Use \(M_{Al}\) to find the moles of aluminum (\(n_{Al}\))With \(n_{Al}\), use the mole ratio to find the moles of oxygen (\(n_{O_{2}}\))Use \(n_{O_{2}}\) and \(M_{O_{2}}\) to find the mass of oxygen (\(m_{O_{2}}\))To find molar mass, use the atomic mass on your periodic table. For each atom of an element, add on its atomic mass.
Molar mass of aluminum (one Al atom):
\(M_{Al} = 26.982 g/mol\)
Molar mass of oxygen (two O atoms):
\(M_{O_{2}} = 16.000g/mol+16.000g/mol\)
\(= 32.000g/mol\)
Update the chart:
3O₂(g) + 4Al(s) → 2Al₂O₃(s)
m ? 110 g
M 32.000 g/mol 26.982 g/mol
n ___ <= ____
Find the moles of aluminum
\(n_{Al} = \frac{110g}{1} *\frac{1mol}{26.982g}\) Multiply mass by molar mass to find moles.
\(n_{Al} = \frac{110}{1} *\frac{1mol}{26.982}\) The units "g" cancel out.
\(n_{Al} = 4.0(7)mol\) Keep one extra significant figure. (110 has 2 sig. figs.)
3O₂(g) + 4Al(s) → 2Al₂O₃(s)
m ? 110 g
M 32.000 g/mol 26.982 g/mol
n ___ <= 4.0(7) mol
Find the moles of oxygen using the mole ratio, which comes from the coefficients in the balanced equation.
The mole ratio of oxygen to aluminum is 3 to 4.
\(n_{O_{2}} = \frac{4.0(7)mol_{Al}}{1}*\frac{3mol_{O2}}{4mol_{Al}}\) Multiply moles of aluminum by the mole ratio.
\(n_{O_{2}} = \frac{4.0(7)}{1}*\frac{3mol_{O2}}{4}\) "molAl" units cancel out.
\(n_{O_{2}} = 3.0(52)mol_{O2}\) Keep two sig. figs. when the first is a "5"
3O₂(g) + 4Al(s) → 2Al₂O₃(s)
m ? 110 g
M 32.000 g/mol 26.982 g/mol
n 3.0(52) mol <= 4.0(7) mol
Find the mass of oxygen
\(m_{O_{2}} = \frac{3.0(52)mol}{1}*\frac{32.000g}{1mol}\) Multiply moles by molar mass.
\(m_{O_{2}} = \frac{3.0(52)}{1}*\frac{32.000g}{1}\) The "mol" unit cancels out.
\(m_{O_{2}} = 97.(6)g\) Keep one sig. fig. to round. "6" rounds up.
\(m_{O_{2}} = 98g\) <= Final answer
∴ 98 grams of oxygen are required to completely react with 110 grams of aluminum.