The contributing factor to infrequent bowel movements and being diagnosed with functional constipation is sedentary lifestyle, low-residue diet, and low fluid intake.
Functional constipation is a term accustomed describe a condition during which patients have onerous, infrequent gut movements that area unit usually tough or painful to pass. purposeful constipation doesn't result from a clearly specifiable anatomic abnormality or sickness method and could be a designation of exclusion
A low-residue diet limits dietary fibre to but 10-15g per day and restricts different foods that would stimulate gut activity. The goal of a LRD is to decrease the scale and frequency of bowel movements so as to scale back painful symptoms.
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when emergency services are needed, an_______ helps to coordinate the urgent response
What is Andrew Carnegie most well known for? mechanizing every stage of textile production creating the largest, most powerful companies the world had seen founding one of the world’s first modern research laboratories patenting more than one thousand inventions
Answer:
He is mostly well known for, making contributions in steel manufacturing
Explanation: hope this helped a little :P
Your patient is receiving palliative care for end stage liver disease. She has not been eating or drinking. She is experiencing bleeding from her mucous membranes and her IV sites. How would you explain these symptoms to her distraught family?
Answer:
I have taken care of two people my best friend was diagnosed with End stage liver disease and had no insurance so he received very little medical care he passed away a few months later at the age of 25. And my father who is 52 who receives great medical care was diagnosed 4years ago with end stage liver disease and is still alive waiting for a transplant.
Explanation:
When explaining these symptoms to the patient's distraught family, it's important to communicate with empathy, honesty, and in a clear, compassionate manner.
The symptoms of distraught family"I want to start by expressing my sincere worry for your loved one's health and the difficulties your family is going through. I am aware of how upsetting this circumstance must be for each of you.
The severe stage of your family member's liver disease is, regrettably, a contributing factor in her symptoms, which include not eating or drinking, bleeding from mucosal membranes, and bleeding from IV sites. The liver's capacity to perform its essential functions is substantially impaired in end-stage liver disease.
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It originates at sea.
tornado
earthquake
hurricane
tornado
warning
watch
Answer:
it's a hurricane
Explanation:
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Triglycerides are composed of _____.
(a) a 3
3 carbon alcohol
(b) 3
3 long chain fatty acids
(c) phosphate groups
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(e) (a), (b), and (c).
Triglycerides are composed of three long chain fatty acids and a three-carbon alcohol called glycerol. Therefore, the correct option is d) both (a) and (b).
Triglycerides, also known as triacylglycerol's, are a type of lipid molecule that is found in many types of organisms, including plants and animals. They are the main component of body fat and serve as a long-term energy storage source in the body. Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acid molecules bound to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. The length and saturation of the fatty acid chains can vary, giving rise to different types of triglycerides with different physical properties. Triglycerides are transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins and can be broken down by enzymes called lipases to release energy for the body to use. High levels of triglycerides in the blood have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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What Is the Z-Track Injection Method?
Answer:
The Z-track injection method is a technique used to administer intramuscular (IM) injections. The technique involves pulling the skin away from the muscle before inserting the needle and then pushing the plunger of the syringe, this is done to prevent the medication from leaking back out of the injection site and potentially into the subcutaneous tissue. The "Z-track" refers to the path the needle takes when it is inserted and withdrawn, which is designed to create a "track" or path that is less likely to allow the medication to leak out of the muscle and into the surrounding tissue. This method is used primarily for medications that can be irritating to the surrounding tissue, such as certain antibiotics and antipsychotics.
An IM injection technique known as the Z-track method is utilized to stop medicine tracking (leakage) into to the epidermis (underneath the skin).
The Z track method: what is it and how is it used?For any and all I.M. injection in adults, YOU MUST USE THE Z-TRACK METHOD. This approach reduces skin irritation, helps seal the medication in the muscles, and avoids drug leaking into the epidermis by creating a zigzag pattern that plugs the needle track.
Where are Z track injections administered?The Z-track technique is frequently applied in a medical context and entails moving the skin and tissue away from the injection area before placing the needle. The tissue is freed after the needle has been taken out. As a result, the needle path takes on a zag shape or Z track.
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Give an example of a 2 x 2 matrix game with exactly three nash equilibria in pure strategies. Explain.
Answer:
A Nash equilibrium is a profile of strategies (s1,s2) such that the strategies are best responses to each other, i.e., no player can do strictly better by deviating. This helps us to find the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria.
To start, we find the best response for player 1 for each of the strategies player 2 can play. I will demonstrate this by underlining the best responses:
ABCA1–,10,101–,−10B10–––,01,11,10C−10,110–––,11,1
Player 1 is the row player, player 2 is the column player. If 2 plays column A, then player 1's best response is to play either row A or C, which gives him 1 rather than 0 as payoff. Similarly, the best response to column B is row A, and to column C it is row B.
Now we do the same for player 2 by underlining the best responses of the column player:
ABCA1–,1–0,10–––1–,−10B10–––,01,11,10–––C−10,1–10–––,11,1
So, if player 1 plays row A then player 2 best responds either with column A or column C, giving him 1 rather than 0. We also find the best responses for row B and C.
Now a pure strategy Nash equilibrium is a cell where both payoffs are underlined, i.e., where both strategies are best responses to each other. In the example, the unique pure strategy equilibrium is (A,A). (There may also be mixed strategy equilibria.) In all other cells, at least one player has an incentive to deviate (because it gives him a higher payoff).
EDIT: How to compute mixed strategy equilibria in discrete games?
In a mixed Nash strategy equilibrium, each of the players must be indifferent between any of the pure strategies played with positive probability. If this were not the case, then there is a profitable deviation (play the pure strategy with higher payoff with higher probability).
Consider player 2. He plays column A with probability p, B with probability q, and C with probability 1−p−q. We need to find p,q such that player 1 is indifferent between his pure strategies A,B,C. He is indifferent between row A (left hand side) and row B (right hand side) if p,q are such that
p+10q−10(1−q−p)=q+10(1−p−q).
He is indifferent between B and C if
q+10(1−p−q)=p+q+1−q−p=1.
You just have to solve the first condition for q as function of p, substitute q in the second condition and you have p. Inserting p again in the first gives you q.
Now we do the same with strategies for player 1 such that player 2 is indifferent. Player 1 plays A with probability x, B with probability y and C with probability 1−x−y. The two conditions that follow are
1x+10y−10(1−x−y)=x+10(1−x−y)x+10(1−x−y)=1
Solve this again to find x,y. This is a mixed-strategy equilibrium, because neither player has a profitable deviation. Remember, we constructed the profile (x,y;p,q) such that the other player is indifferent between his pure strategies. So, no matter how the other player unilaterally deviates, his expected payoff will be identical to that in equilibrium (x,y;p,q). In general, depending on the game and solutions x,y,p,q, there may be infinitely many mixed Nash equilibria, or none. The more pure strategies there are, the more tedious it is to compute mixed strategy equilibria, since we solve for N−1 variables for each player (N being the number of pure strategies of the other player).
Moreover, to find all equilibria, if there are more than 2 actions for a player, then every possible combination of actions has to be checked. Here, a player has 3 actions, and a mixed strategy equilibrium could entail mixing over all three or just any two of them. Since such a player would not have to be indifferent regarding the strategy played with probability 0, the equations you have to set up are different. In summary, manually checking for all possible mixed strategy equilibria if at least one player has more than two actions can require a lot of effort.
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Approximately of psycologists specialize on the clinical/counseling field
Answer:
AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
Child development and counseling.
Adolescent development and counseling.
Marital Relationship Counseling. Counselors are.
Health.
Explanation:
Clinical psychology is a broad branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Some of the more common disorders that might be treated include learning disabilities, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.Areas of Specialization in Psychology. ...
Clinical Psychology.
Cognitive Psychology.
Counseling Psychology.
Developmental Psychology.
Educational Psychology.
Forensic Psychology.
Health Psychology.
sorry if wrong
answers to A clean, safe and healthy childcare environment
Answer:
Wow ! Almost accurate.
Explanation:
I think that someone would need to put child lock on dangerous cabinets because the child could easily open the cabinet. Cleaners are not labeled by the environmental protection agency because they don't protect anything lol.
In which part of the world is undernourishment most concentrated?
Answer:
I think it's Africa because on quizlet when that was asked it seemed that Africa was the right answer to that question but I'm unsure and if not then I don't know.
bryson is 30 years old and suffers from bipolar disorder. his doctor now prescribes ____ , originally used to treat epilepsy.
The medication pescribed to the man is Depakote.
What is epilepsy?
Recurrent, spontaneous seizures are a symptom of epilepsy, a brain condition. If you experience two unprovoked seizures or one unprovoked seizure with a high risk of developing more, your doctor may diagnose you with epilepsy. Epilepsy isn't the only condition that causes seizures. A brain damage or a genetic predisposition to seizures may be related, although frequently there is no recognized explanation.
Antiepileptic drugs are a group of drugs that include Depakote, one of the first generation of these drugs (AEDs). In patients with bipolar illness, depakote is used to treat acute manic symptoms, simple and complicated absence seizures, and complex partial seizures.
Hence the medication pescribed to the man is Depakote.
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true or false/ examples of specialty items in a reception area include chairs and sofas
a nurse is caring for a client who just consented to an elective abortion. the nurse is unsure of his or her own values as they relate to this issue. what action should the nurse take to address this barrier to providing effective care to the client?
In order to provide effective nursing care to the client, the nurse should know his/her own values and how these values relate to beliefs and the philosophy of nursing. The correct option is A.
What is nursing care?Nursing Care means all the nursing procedures, other than personal care, that a registered nurse or a licensed practical nurse performs directly on or to a resident.
The nursing care includes but not limited to the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people.
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This is the complete question:
A nurse is caring for a client who just consented to an elective abortion. The nurse is unsure of his/her own values as they relate to this issue. The nurse must:
a. know his/her own values and how these values relate to beliefs and the philosophy of nursing.
b. rid the impurities in his/her value system.
c. ignore his/her own values.
d. realize that values do not change and that they cannot be influenced by others.
A friend who was involved in an accident is wearing a leg cast. Describe the condition that will occur without exercise. How can you prevent this condition?
Answer:
The skin will shrivel and dry up. The leg will become weak. It can be prevented by PT ( Physical Therapy) immediately after recovery
Explanation:
A friend who was involved in an accident is wearing a leg cast. In the absence of any kind of exercise, the leg become weak. This condition can be prevented through physiotherapy.
What is leg cast?Casts are the common treatment for fractures in the body. Casts are used to the immobilize injured bones, for promoting healing, and reduce the pain and swelling while the bone in under healing process. They are sometimes put on an arm or leg region after surgery to protect the bone and to ensure that it remains in proper alignment with the bone in the body.
Physiotherapy is the therapy which helps to restore movement and functions in the body when someone is affected by injury, illness or any kind of disability. Physiotherapy can also help to reduce the risk of injury or illness in the future. It also takes a holistic approach which involves the patient directly in their own care.
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which of the following compounds would be required to be prepared in a biological safety cabinet (BSC)
A. Pantoprazole IV
B. Ranitidine IV
C. Methotrexate IV
D. Insulin IV
Given what we know, of the options listed, Methotrexate IV is the compound that requires the most care when handling and should prompt the use of a biological safety cabinet.
What is Methotrexate IV? This is a medicine used often for cancer treatment. It can be used to treat cancers such as leukemia.Great care must be taken during its handling.This includes the use of a BSC and proper protective equipment.Therefore, given the nature of the Methotrexate IV compound and its risk for those handling the substance, it is the option listed that most appropriately prompts the use of a hazard or biosafety cabinet.
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A client is in the hospital for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The client reports vomiting and a sudden severe pain in the abdomen. The nurse then assesses a board-like abdomen. What does the nurse suspect these symptoms indicate?.
The nurse suspects these symptoms indicate a Perforation of the peptic ulcer.
A peptic ulcer is a sore on the lining of your belly, small gut, or esophagus. A peptic ulcer inside the belly is referred to as a gastric ulcer. A duodenal ulcer is a peptic ulcer that develops in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). An esophageal ulcer takes place in the decrease of a part of your esophagus.
The most common purpose of ulcers is the contamination of the stomach through microorganisms known as Helicobacter pylori (H pylori). The majority of peptic ulcers have those microorganisms residing in their digestive tract. Yet, many people who have that microorganism in their stomachs do not increase ulcers.
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What are the 11 steps in filling an prescription
Answer: The prescription filling process has five detailed steps. They include input & initial check, therapeutic check, preparation, technical check and supply and educate. These focus on an accurate and precise prescription filling process that is safe and legal for both the customer and the pharmacist
Explanation:
Pretend you are the pharmacist and a patient asks you to explain what osteoarthritis is because her doctor diagnosed her with this disease . how can you explain what osteoarthritis is to her ?
Answer:
Tell them its: the most common form of arthritis.
Explanation:
to not get them scared, this is probably the best way to tell them.
Collagen is a key protein in connective tissues. One of the steps in collagen formation involves the combination of three molecules of a collagen precursor called propeptide. This occurs with rate constant k. The rate of formation of propeptide is a constant, f. The propeptide also degrades with per molecule degradation rate d. Write a differential equation for the concentration of propeptide, P.
The most prevalent protein in a human body is collagen. It is located in the tendons, skin, muscles, and bones. Collagen is used by doctors in wound-healing procedures. It also appears in skin-improving cosmetic preparations.
What is Collagen?
A class of protein is collagen. In actuality, it is the structural protein that is most prevalent in mammals. Proteins that make up the framework or structure of your cells and tissues are known as structural proteins. There are 28 varieties of collagen that are now recognised, with type I collagen making up 90% of the collagen in the human body. Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline are the three amino acids that make up the majority of collagen. The triple-helix structure of collagen is made up of these amino acids, which are organised into three strands. Connective tissue, skin, tendons, bones, and cartilage all contain collagen.
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Overcoming challenges to cultural competence in research requires that: (Check ALL that apply)
Answer: • Investigators examine and understand of historical contexts for study populations before initiating research study design.
• Early-phase study design should take into account race, ethnicity and cultural factors.
• IRB membership should include representatives of large communities and cultural groups as representatives.
Explanation:
Cultural competence in research refers to the ability of researchers to provide high quality research whereby the culture and the diversity of the population is taken into account during the development of the research ideas and when conducting the research.
The requirements for cultural competence include:
• Investigators examine and understand of historical contexts for study populations before initiating research study design.
• Early-phase study design should take into account race, ethnicity and cultural factors.
• IRB membership should include representatives of large communities and cultural groups as representatives.
the medicare access and chip reauthorization act of 2015 (macra), which went into effect january 1, 2020, applies to all carriers offering medicare supplement plans.
The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), which went into effect January 1, 2020, applies to all carriers offering Medicare supplement plans: True.
What is MACRA?MACRA is an abbreviation for Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 and it can be defined as a bipartisan United States statute (legislation) that was signed into law on the 16th of April, 2015, so as to change how the federal government pay physicians in the United States of America.
Based on the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) plans, the impact to Plans C and F was that consumers who are eligible for Medicare Part A on or after the 1st of January, 2020, will not be able to purchase Medicare Supplement Insurance Plans C or F.
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Complete Question:
The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), which went into effect January 1, 2020, applies to all carriers offering Medicare supplement plans. True or False?
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group addressing the influences on health care delivery. Which of the following would the nurse include in presentation when describing disease patterns?
a) The prevalence of chronic illness is decreasing due to the emphasis on healthy living.
b) Obesity along with conditions associated with it has become a major health concern.
c) Most infectious diseases have been controlled or eradicated.
d) People with acute illnesses are considered the largest group of health care consumers.
While explaining illness patterns in a presentation on effects on health care delivery, the nurse would include the following statement:
b) Obesity along with problems connected with it has become a serious health concern.
what are disease patterns?Chronic diseases continue to play a significant role in the overall global burden of disease, and their prevalence is not declining. Obesity has emerged as a significant health issue in recent years and contributes significantly to the rise in health care expenses, along with illnesses including diabetes, heart disease, and some malignancies.The introduction of novel infectious illnesses and the reemergence of previously controlled diseases remain a concern even if many infectious diseases have been managed or eliminated.What is India's system for delivering healthcare?The nodal ministry for India's health care delivery system is the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoH&FW). It runs a number of healthcare programs in India. The health industry has been most affected by the Covid-19 epidemic.learn more about health care delivery here
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ismuth subsalicylate has anti-infective properties as well as antisecretory properties in treating diarrhea. T/F
True. Bismuth subsalicylate is a medication commonly used to treat diarrhea. It exhibits both anti-infective and antisecretory properties, making it effective in managing diarrhea symptoms.
The anti-infective properties of bismuth subsalicylate help combat the underlying infection causing diarrhea. It can target certain bacteria and viruses, reducing their growth and activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, bismuth subsalicylate also has antisecretory properties, meaning it reduces the secretion of fluids and electrolytes in the intestines.
By decreasing fluid loss, it helps alleviate diarrhea symptoms and promotes rehydration. The combination of these two properties makes bismuth subsalicylate a valuable treatment option for managing diarrhea effectively.
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Using Internet resources, discuss one disease of each of these three systems (1) skeletal system,(2) muscular system and (3) nervous system. Include causes, symptoms, and risk factors of each disease in your discussion.
You can mention osteoporosis as a disease of the skeletal system, myasthenia as a disease of the muscular system, and Parkinson's disease as a disease of the nervous system.
What are body systems?They are sets of organs that work together.They are groups of organs that perform essential functions for the functioning of the organism.Osteoporosis affects the bones, weakening them and generating porosity in their structure. Parkinson's disease generates uncontrollable tremors in the body, directly affecting the nerves and causing movement difficulties. Myasthenia causes miscommunication between the brain and the muscles causing muscle weakness.
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what is 4(504+69)2 please help me
Answer:
4584
Explanation:
504+69=573
573x4=2292
2292x2=4584
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Answer:
278208
Explanation:
What is the reason for the drop in the age adjusted cancer death rate as of 2017?
Answer:
Record Drop in the age adjusted cancer death rate as of 2017 due to Improved Lung Cancer Treatment.
a deficiency of vitamin b12 can cause . a deficiency of vitamin b12 can cause . scurvy bone diseases nerve damage neural tube defects
Vitamin B-12 deficiency can cause neurological issues such as tingling in the hands and feet and balance issues.
It can lead to mental confusion and forgetfulness because vitamin B-12 is necessary for healthy brain function.
Vitamin B12 :
Vitamin B12 does a lot of things for your body. It helps make your DNA and your red blood cells, for example. Since your body doesn't make vitamin B12, you have to get it from animal-based foods or from supplements. And you should do that on a regular basis. While B12 is stored in the liver for up to five years, you can eventually become deficient if your diet doesn't help maintain the levels. Vitamin B12 can be obtained from animal foods, which naturally contain it, or from fortified foods. Dairy products, eggs, fish, meat, and poultry are all examples of animal sources. If you're looking for a B12-fortified food, look at the Nutrition Facts label.
vitamin B12 deficiency :
Atrophic gastritis, in which your stomach lining has thinnedPernicious anemia, which makes it hard for your body to absorb vitamin B12Conditions that affect your small intestine, such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bacterial growth, or a parasiteAlcohol misuse or heavy drinking can make it harder for your body to absorb nutrients or prevent you from eating enough calories. One sign that you lack enough B12 may be glossitis, or a swollen, inflamed tongue.Immune system disorders, such as Graves' disease or lupusYou can also get vitamin B12 deficiency if you follow a vegan diet or you are a vegetarian who doesn't eat enough eggs or dairy products to meet your vitamin B12 needs. In both of those cases, you can add fortified foods to your diet or take supplements to meet this need.
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A deficiency of Vitamin B12 can cause:
Nerve damage.
The serious neurological (nervous system) damage that can result from untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can increase a person's chance of death.If left untreated, pernicious anemia, which results from a vitamin B12 shortage and affects the body's ability to produce red blood cells, can cause fatal neurological damage.What are causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency?Insufficient intake of B12 in diet: Individuals who don't consume enough vitamin B12-rich meals or foods fortified with the vitamin are at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficit.Gastritis: It can result in a vitamin B12 deficit because it prevents stomach from producing enough hydrochloric acid, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.Pernicious anemia: People with this uncommon medical illness are unable to produce intrinsic factor, a stomach-produced protein. A lack of vitamin B12 contributes to pernicious anemia.Diseases: Ones that impact the digestive tract, such as Crohn's disease and celiac disease, can limit the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12.Surgery: Individuals who have gastrointestinal surgery, like a gastric bypass (weight-loss surgery), may experience issues with vitamin B12 absorption.Alcohol Use and SmokingTo learn more about Vitamin B12 deficiency, refer to:
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Why does the medical assistant need to know the steps for performing diagnostic coding?
Answer:
So that the do not make mistakes in treatment.
Explanation:
that's my answer please correct me if I'm wrong thanks
the medical assistant need to know the steps for performing diagnostic coding, So that the do not make mistakes in treatment.
what is medical coding ?Medical coding is the process of transformation of healthcare diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment which is finally converted into universal medical alphanumeric codes.
The diagnoses and procedure codes are collected from medical record documentation like transcription of physician's notes, laboratory and radiologic results, etc.
Medical coding professionals involve in medical billing process includes abstracting the information from documentation, assigning the appropriate codes, and creating a claim to be paid by insurance carriers.
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when doing patient education what should be included regarding hand and arm care of the affected side? a. avoid exercise of the affected arm b. keep fingernails clipped c. avoid lifting objects greater than 10 pounds d. use a sunscreen with an spf of 10
When doing patient education regarding hand and arm care of the affected side, the following should be included:
b. Keep fingernails clipped: This can help prevent accidental scratching or injury to the affected arm or hand.
c. Avoid lifting objects greater than 10 pounds: This is important to prevent strain or injury to the affected arm or hand.
Additionally, depending on the specific condition or injury, other instructions may be necessary. For example, if the patient has had surgery or a fracture, they may be instructed to perform specific exercises or wear a brace. If the patient is at risk of developing lymphedema, they may be instructed to avoid tight clothing or jewelry and to perform certain exercises to encourage lymphatic flow.
Therefore, the correct options are B and C.
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Discuss the importance of understanding how to calculate drug doses and what steps you will take to make sure you make no mistakes. Research a story where the wrong medication caused a death, add in a summary with your post, the incorrect dose, the proper dose, and who made the mistake. Explain how you think this could have been avoided.
Answer:
Understanding how to calculate drug doses accurately is crucial in healthcare settings to ensure patient safety and prevent medication errors, which can have severe consequences, including fatalities. Healthcare professionals, including nurses, physicians, and pharmacists, must possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and competence in drug calculations to ensure correct dosing for patients of all ages and conditions.
Importance of Calculating Drug Doses Accurately:
Patient Safety: Accurate drug dosing is essential to prevent adverse drug reactions, medication errors, and patient harm. Overdoses or underdoses of medications can lead to serious consequences, including death or long-term health complications.
Effective Treatment: Correct drug dosing is crucial to achieving the desired therapeutic effect of medications. Inadequate dosing may lead to ineffective treatment, while excessive dosing can result in toxicity or lack of efficacy.
Legal and Ethical Obligations: Healthcare professionals have a legal and ethical obligation to provide safe and appropriate care to patients, which includes accurate drug dosing. Failure to do so can result in legal and ethical repercussions.
Steps to Ensure Accurate Drug Dose Calculations:
Verify and Understand the Prescription: Read and interpret the prescription accurately, including the medication name, dosage strength, and route of administration.
Use Reliable References: Utilize reliable drug references, such as drug handbooks, drug monographs, or reputable online resources, to obtain accurate drug information and dosing guidelines.
Double-Check Calculations: Perform drug calculations carefully, and double-check all calculations, including unit conversions, decimal placement, and multiplication/division.
Seek Clarification: If there are any uncertainties or doubts about the drug dose, consult a colleague or a qualified healthcare professional for clarification.
Document and Communicate: Document all drug calculations and administration accurately in the patient's medical record, and communicate any relevant information to the healthcare team to ensure continuity of care.
Example of Medication Error:
Summary: In a hospital setting, a nurse administered an incorrect dose of medication to a patient due to a calculation error. The prescribed dose was 2.5 mg of a medication, but the nurse administered 25 mg instead. The patient experienced adverse effects, including severe hypotension and respiratory distress, and unfortunately died as a result.
Incorrect Dose: 25 mg (10 times higher than the prescribed dose).
Proper Dose: 2.5 mg (prescribed dose).
Mistake Made By: The nurse who administered the medication.
Possible Avoidance:
Double-Check: The nurse could have double-checked the medication order, the drug label, and the calculated dose to verify accuracy before administering the medication.
Use Reliable References: The nurse could have used reliable drug references or consulted with a pharmacist or another healthcare professional to confirm the correct dose.
Clarify with Prescriber: If there were any doubts or uncertainties about the dosage, the nurse could have sought clarification from the prescribing physician.
Documentation and Communication: Proper documentation and communication of medication orders, doses, and administration are crucial to ensure accuracy and accountability in the medication administration process.
In conclusion, accurate drug dosing is critical for patient safety and effective treatment in healthcare settings. Healthcare professionals must possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and competence in drug calculations and follow proper steps to prevent medication errors. Double-checking calculations, using reliable references, seeking clarification when needed, and proper documentation and communication are essential measures to ensure accurate drug dosing and prevent medication errors.
Explanation:
It is important to remember that medication errors can have serious consequences and that everyone involved in the medication administration process plays a critical role in preventing errors.
Calculating drug doses accurately is crucial to ensure safe and effective medication administration. To avoid mistakes, it is important to double-check all calculations, use appropriate measuring tools, and verify orders with the prescribing healthcare provider. In addition, being knowledgeable about medication indications, contraindications, and potential side effects can help identify possible errors.
In 2018, a 9-month-old infant died in a Georgia hospital after receiving an incorrect medication dose. The infant was supposed to receive a 0.4 mg dose of a seizure medication, but instead, was given a dose of 4 mg. This tenfold error was made by a pharmacy technician who miscalculated the dose. The proper dose was confirmed by the pharmacist, but the technician did not follow the correct procedure. The error was not caught until after the medication had been administered. This tragic incident could have been avoided by using a double-check system and having proper training and oversight for pharmacy technicians.
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