A learned association between behaviors and resulting events is central to classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to associate two or more stimuli and anticipate events.
The basic process underlying classical conditioning is that a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that already elicits a particular response. The neutral stimulus alone is able to elicit the same response after being paired with the stimulus that elicits the response initially.
For instance, Pavlov conditioned dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food, causing them to salivate at the sound of the bell even when there was no food present. The sound of the bell, which previously had no effect on the dog's behavior, now had a conditioned effect. The response that is learned through classical conditioning is involuntary and automatic.
Classical conditioning is also called Pavlovian conditioning after the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov, who is best known for his work on the digestive system of dogs.The conditioning process can occur in humans and animals alike, and it is an important aspect of everyday life. Classical conditioning can be used to help people overcome phobias, reduce anxiety, and break bad habits. It can also be used to treat some psychological disorders.
Overall, the learned association between behaviors and resulting events is a fundamental aspect of classical conditioning, and it has wide-ranging applications in the field of psychology.
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this was an accident
the type of third-party activity fired independently from any other sas activity (added in the "then" section of an activity rule) is called:
The type of third-party activity fired independently from any other SAS (Sequential Access Storage) activity, specifically added in the "then" section of an activity rule, is called a standalone third-party activity.
This refers to an external action or process that is triggered and executed separately from the main flow of SAS activities. Standalone third-party activities can be integrated into SAS workflows to perform specific tasks or functions, such as invoking external applications, running scripts or commands, or interacting with external systems or databases.
These activities are independent and can be designed to execute concurrently or sequentially with other SAS activities based on the defined logic and requirements of the workflow.
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special sessions of the legislature a. can only be called to deal with issues related to passing a budget. b. are called infrequently because they are very expensive. c. are called frequently because the legislature is unable to complete all of its required business in the allotted 140 days of its regular sessions. d. can only be called by a joint resolution passed by both the house and the senate.
Special sessions of the legislature can only be called by a joint resolution passed by both the house and the senate. The Option D is correct.
What is special session of state legislature?In legislature, a special sessions occur intermittently to deal with the specific issues or topics. Usually, the scope of special session is limited to the issues specified in the notice calling for the special session and it is called either by the governor or the legislature.
Special sessions is an opposite of regular session, which means the annual or biennial gathering of legislators in which the starting date and length is set by constitution or statute.
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what sorts
of queries
ore answered by population education
Write three points.
Answer:
1:Quality of population determines how capable the human resource of a country is ensure at productivity,standard of living and social activities. 2:Population quality is the overall level of certain desirable traits in a specific population..certain desirable traits in a specific population.
3:The members of a population do not contribute equally to the size of the next generation:
4:The distribution of births, especially in low-fertility populations, varies markedly across the adult members.
Which of these best describes a hypothesis?
It is a theory about what the answer to a question might be.
It is an educated guess.
It is a question about an observation.
It cannot be falsifiable.
Who owns the resources in communism? (4 points)
a
Individuals
b
Military leaders
c
The common people
d
The government
Answer:
The government
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The goverment
please help me with this question
Biggest one on top right is Russia
The one on the top lest is United kingdom
The one in the middle is Germany
The one bordering Germany is France
And the one at the very bottom is Spain
the shah attempted to modernize iran by means of a
The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, attempted to modernize Iran by means of a White Revolution, Industrialization, Modernization of Education and Health, Westernization and Secularization, Economic Development.
The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, embarked on a series of ambitious reforms and modernization efforts during his reign from 1941 to 1979. His vision was to transform Iran into a modern and developed country through various means, including:
1. White Revolution: In 1963, the Shah implemented the White Revolution, a series of reforms aimed at modernizing Iran's economy, education system, and society. The reforms included land redistribution, literacy campaigns, women's rights initiatives, industrial development, and the establishment of a welfare state.
2. Industrialization: The Shah focused on industrialization to diversify Iran's economy beyond its heavy reliance on oil. He invested heavily in infrastructure projects, such as roads, railways, ports, and power plants, to support industrial growth. The goal was to develop a strong industrial base and reduce Iran's dependence on oil revenues.
3. Modernization of Education and Health: The Shah introduced significant reforms in education and healthcare systems. He expanded access to education by building schools, universities, and technical institutes, as well as improving literacy rates through mass education campaigns. The Shah also established a comprehensive healthcare system, including hospitals, clinics, and medical training facilities.
4. Westernization and Secularization: The Shah promoted a policy of Westernization and secularization to break away from traditional religious and cultural norms. He encouraged the adoption of Western clothing, modern architecture, and cultural practices. The Shah aimed to create a more open and liberal society by granting women greater rights, promoting gender equality, and implementing legal reforms.
5. Economic Development: The Shah pursued economic development through the modernization of agriculture, expansion of industry, and attraction of foreign investment. He encouraged international companies to invest in Iran and implemented policies to stimulate economic growth. This included establishing free trade zones, improving the business environment, and implementing economic reforms.
While the Shah's modernization efforts achieved some success, they also faced criticism and generated discontent among certain segments of society. The rapid pace of change, combined with the Shah's autocratic rule, economic inequality, and political repression, ultimately contributed to widespread social and political unrest, leading to the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and the overthrow of the monarchy.
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What does magma do have a answer?
Magma shoots gases, lava, and ash out of volcanoes which results in a volcanic eruption. Thus the correct answer is D.
What is Magma?A liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists beneath the Earth's surface and is highly heated is called as Magma. Lava is the result of magma flowing to the Earth's surface.
A volcanic eruption can occur when magma pushes from holes or cracks in the crust.
Therefore, option D which shoots gases, lava, and ash out of volcanoes is the correct answer.
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My brother always closes the door of his room whenever I come to try to talk to him about our little problem. What communication barrier is present in this situation? Perception and Language Poor Listening Emotional Interference Cultural Differences Physical Distraction Incorrect Fllering Information Cverioad QUESTION 6 The instruction of the class president assumed three different versions when it reached all the members of the class. What communication barrier is present in this situation? Perception and Language Poor Listening Emotional interferenco Culural Differences Physical Distraction incorrect Filtering Information Overload Closed Communication Climate QUESTION 7 1 points "Basically, you do not have to actually really say what is wronis with her. Just make her feel that something is wrong. She will figure it out." " What communication strategy is used in this situation?" (Mossage Abandonment Topic Avoldance Use of All-Purpose Words Word Coinage Literal Translation Foreignizing Code-Switching Use of (Gap) Fillers Circumloculinn
The communication barrier present in the situation where the brother closes the door when approached to talk about a problem is "Physical Distraction." The communication barrier in the situation with different versions of instructions reaching class members is "Incorrect Filtering."
In the first situation, where the brother closes the door when approached to discuss a problem, the communication barrier of "Physical Distraction" is present. The physical act of closing the door serves as a non-verbal cue indicating a desire for privacy or avoidance of the conversation. This physical barrier hinders effective communication by creating a literal and symbolic separation between the individuals, preventing open and direct communication about the problem.
In the second situation, where different versions of instructions reached class members, the communication barrier of "Incorrect Filtering" is present. As the instructions pass through multiple channels or individuals, the information gets distorted or filtered incorrectly, resulting in different versions being received by class members. This barrier highlights the importance of accurate and effective communication channels to ensure that the intended message is accurately transmitted to all recipients.
Both situations illustrate different communication barriers that hinder effective communication. Physical distractions, such as closing the door, can impede the exchange of ideas and hinder open dialogue. Incorrect filtering or distortion of information can lead to misunderstandings and discrepancies in understanding, affecting the overall effectiveness of communication.
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Describe the economies of the North and South at the start of the Civil War using the economic concepts of
specialization and interdependence.
Answer:
At the start of the Civil War, the economies of the North and South were vastly different due to their differing patterns of specialization and interdependence.
The North had a more diversified economy with a focus on manufacturing and trade. It had access to abundant natural resources, such as coal and iron, which allowed it to build factories and produce goods at a lower cost. The North also had a more extensive transportation network, including railroads and canals, which facilitated the movement of goods and people. As a result, the North specialized in the production of industrial goods and manufactured products such as textiles, machinery, and weapons.
The South, on the other hand, had an agricultural-based economy with a heavy reliance on cotton production. The South had a comparative advantage in the production of cotton due to its fertile soil and favorable climate, which allowed it to produce cotton at a lower cost than other regions. However, the South had a limited industrial base and relied heavily on the North for manufactured goods and other necessities. This created a high level of interdependence between the two regions, as the South relied on the North for finished goods while the North relied on the South for raw materials.
The reliance of the South on cotton production meant that its economy was vulnerable to fluctuations in the price of cotton on the world market. Additionally, the lack of industrial development in the South meant that it was less able to respond to changing economic conditions and less able to diversify its economy.
The Civil War disrupted the interdependent relationship between the North and South as the South's economy was severely impacted by the blockade of its ports and the destruction of its infrastructure. The North, on the other hand, was able to use its industrial strength to produce the necessary goods to support the war effort.
In summary, the economies of the North and South at the start of the Civil War were characterized by differing patterns of specialization and interdependence. The North had a more diversified economy with a focus on manufacturing and trade, while the South relied heavily on cotton production and was highly dependent on the North for finished goods.
Explanation:
Critically discus how the youth could use social media to encourage their peers to become more responsible citizens
The youth can use social media as a powerful tool to encourage their peers to become more responsible citizens. Firstly, they can create social media campaigns that aim to raise awareness about different social issues such as environmental conservation, social inequality, and civic participation.
These campaigns can include hashtags, videos, and images that can reach a large audience and inspire others to take action.
Secondly, the youth can also use social media to organize and promote community events that promote responsible citizenship such as volunteer work, charity events, and environmental clean-up initiatives. Social media can also be used to connect with local authorities and community organizations to share ideas and collaborate on various initiatives.
Finally, the youth can use social media to share their own stories of responsible citizenship, showing their peers that even small acts can make a big difference. Overall, social media is a powerful tool that can be harnessed by the youth to create positive change in their communities and encourage their peers to become more responsible citizens.
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under the articles of confederation, how did the powers of the state government differ from that of the national government?
Answer:
Under the Articles of Confederation, the powers of the state governments were much stronger than those of the national government. The national government, which was made up of a unicameral Congress, was primarily responsible for conducting foreign affairs and declaring war. However, it did not have the power to tax or regulate commerce, which were seen as the domain of the state governments. This led to a number of problems, including a lack of economic unity and the inability of the national government to effectively address national issues. As a result, the Articles of Confederation were eventually replaced by the more powerful federal government established by the Constitution.
Which statement explains the fall of the Songhai Empire?
The government was weak and civil wars broke out.
The people revolted against the harsh government.
The gold and salt mines stopped producing enough to support the empire.
The lack of fresh water for farming led to conflicts over resources.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the western Sahel/Sudan was ruled by the Songhai Empire, often written as Songhay. Hence Option A is correct .
What was Songhai Empire ?It was one of the biggest states in African history at its height. The state is known by its historical name, which was inspired by the Songhai, the state's dominant ethnic group and ruling class.
Despite the fact that a Songhai state had existed in and around Gao since the 11th century, Sonni Ali chose to make Gao the imperial capital. Timbuktu and Djenné, which were taken over in 1468 and 1475, respectively, and the north Akan state of Bonoman, which is to the south, were other significant cities in the empire where urban-centered trade developed.
The Sonni dynasty, which ruled the empire from approximately 1464 to 1493, was eventually succeeded byaskinga dynasty (1493–1901).
Gao and the surrounding area had developed into a significant commerce hub by the second part of the 13th century, drawing the attention of the expanding Mali Empire. Toward the end of the 13th century, Mali overthrew Gao.
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supporters of nafta and free trade would contend that such agreements
The correct option is D) stimulate democratic reform and open markets in areas in need of improvement. Supporters of NAFTA and free trade agreements argue that such pacts have the potential to open up markets
And stimulate economic growth by increasing trade between nations. This increased trade can lead to greater competition, which can in turn drive down prices, create jobs, and increase innovation. Furthermore, proponents of free trade often argue that such agreements can lead to increased economic and political stability in developing nations, which can, in turn, foster democratic reforms and increase human rights protections. However, it is important to note that free trade agreements are not without their challenges and controversies. Critics argue that free trade agreements can lead to the loss of jobs in certain industries and can exacerbate income inequality. It is also important to consider the impact of free trade agreements on the environment and labor rights, as well as ensuring that the benefits of free trade are distributed equitably.
The complete question is:
Supporters of NAFTA and free trade would contend that such agreements
A) increase government control of a nation's economy.
B) limit the growth of an economy and prevents inflation.
C) hamper democratic reforms and open markets in areas that are already strong.
D) stimulate democratic reform and open markets in areas in need of improvement.
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Which of the following signaled the leveling of hierarchy by the weakening of distinctions between soldiers and officers?
Types of dissension In essence, whenever a military leader, military leader, or national leader chooses to defy the directives issued to him
Why is military rank structure important?The level of authority that an individual has depends on where they are in the hierarchy. Respect for authoritative figures and this hierarchical system is one of the military's core beliefs. Higher ranking members in the line of command has earned their positions and should be respected.
Why are ranks & hierarchies in the services important?Hierarchy fosters power and cohesion. The higher a person is in the organisational hierarchy, the more authority they have. Wherever power is needed, leadership is also essential. Everyone who is under a manager's control will work if they have authority.
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A new medication dissolves blood clots. However, if too much is used, excessive bleeding occurs. Which method should scientists use to determine the best dosage of this new medication?
As the new medication dissolves blood clots, however, if too much is used excessive bleeding occurs, a method which can be use to determine the best dosage of this new medication varies only the dosages of the medication while keeping everything else constant.
What determines best dosage of new medication?The determination of the best dosage of a new medication typically involves a combination of factors, including:
Therapeutic goals: The intended use of the medication and the desired clinical effect, such as pain relief or reduction in inflammation, may influence the dosage.Patient characteristics: Factors such as age, weight, sex, medical history, and any concurrent medications the patient is taking may influence the appropriate dosage.Pharmacokinetics: The way in which the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes the medication may impact the dosage. Factors such as the drug's bioavailability, half-life, and clearance rate may be considered.Safety and tolerability: The potential side effects of the medication, as well as the patient's ability to tolerate them, may influence the dosage.Clinical trials: Data from clinical trials can inform the optimal dosage range for a medication, based on efficacy and safety data gathered during those trials.Ultimately, the dosage of a new medication is determined through a process of careful testing and evaluation, with the goal of finding the lowest effective dose that provides the desired clinical benefit with minimal risk of adverse effects.
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when communicating on social media, we rely almost exclusively on
-props
-the script
-nonverbal cues
-the backstage
We primarily use the Script when communicating on social media. Hence, (B) is the best choice.
What is meant by a Script?The primitives of a scripting language are often basic operations or API calls, and the scripting language enables their combination into other programs.
Scripting may automate environments including text editors, web pages, operating system shells, embedded systems, and computer games. For a certain environment, a scripting language can be thought of as a domain-specific language; when used to script an application, this language is also referred to as an extension language.
Due to their tendency to function at high levels of abstraction, scripting languages are also frequently referred to as very high-level programming languages (VLP) or control languages
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students of counseling and mental health practitioners often lack enthusiasm for the practice of career counseling because they view it as a process that
Students of counseling and mental health practitioners often lack enthusiasm for the practice of career counseling because they view it as a process that is tedious and does not require the same depth of therapeutic work as other areas of counseling.
Career counseling may not seem as interesting or challenging as other areas of counseling because it focuses on external factors rather than internal emotions or thoughts. However, career counseling can be a critical part of a client's overall mental health and well-being because it directly impacts their daily life and self-worth. It is the responsibility of counseling and mental health practitioners to approach career counseling with enthusiasm and an understanding of its significance to their clients. Practitioners should recognize that career counseling provides an opportunity to empower clients by helping them make informed decisions about their professional lives. Therefore, even though career counseling may seem less challenging, practitioners should approach it with the same level of dedication and enthusiasm as any other area of counseling.
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In what way can the meaning of the Constitution change over time?
a
A. Congress can rewrite parts of the Constitution to satisfy voters.
b
B. The judiciary can change the way they interpret the meaning of the Constitution.
c
C. State governments can change the Constitution as needed.
d
D. The U.S. Congress can rewrite the Constitution, if they believe it is justified.
Congress can rewrite parts of the Constitution to satisfy voters.
What is Constitution?The constitution is the primary ideas and legal guidelines of a country, kingdom, or social institution that determine the powers and responsibilities of the authorities and guarantee positive rights to the people in it.
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Define con tus palabras el concepto sociedad?
Answer:
La sociedad es un conjunto de individuos que conviven en un mismo territorio bajo un determinado esquema de organización, compartiendo además lazos económicos, políticos y culturales. Es decir, una sociedad es un grupo de personas que sigue un determinado ordenamiento.
what are the differences between the house and the senate? complete the graphic organizer using what you learned from the reading.
Members of the House are chosen from local districts, whereas those of the Senate are chosen from the entire state. Members of the House serve two-year terms, while senators serve six-year terms.
Members of the House were first chosen by citizens, while senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Senator- What does that mean?
An employee of the government is a senator. To represent them in a state or federal senate, people elect senators in the United States. Two senators are chosen from each state in the US to serve six-year terms in Washington, DC, where they vote on legislation and pass it.
How is a senator chosen?
Senators must be chosen directly by the constituents they will represent under the 17th Amendment to the Constitution. The plurality rule is used to choose election victors. In other words, the candidate with the most votes wins. This might not represent a majority of votes in some states.
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How did the Agricultural Revolution change human societies?
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Why was the French and Indian War (Seven Years War) significant?
1) The agricultural revolution was a period of change in which farming became the primary means of subsistence. This revolution brought about significant changes in human societies and transformed them completely.
2) The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of goods, animals, plants, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and the New World (North and South America) following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492.
3) The French and Indian War (Seven Years War) was significant because it marked the beginning of the end of French power in North America.
The agricultural revolution brought about significant changes in human societies. It was a period when farming became the primary means of subsistence, and people learned how to grow crops and raise animals for food. This revolution led to the development of more complex societies and gave rise to civilizations. With the advent of agriculture, people could settle down in one place, leading to the development of villages and towns. It also led to the rise of cities, as people were able to produce enough food to support larger populations.
The Columbian Exchange brought about significant changes in both the Old and New World. Europeans brought with them diseases, animals, and plants that were previously unknown in the Americas. This led to the spread of diseases that devastated indigenous populations, while European crops such as wheat and rice were introduced to the New World and transformed the way people ate.
The French and Indian War (Seven Years War) was significant because it marked the beginning of the end of French power in North America. The war was fought between the French and British over control of the Ohio River Valley. The British emerged victorious, and as a result, France was forced to give up its claim to North America.
This paved the way for British dominance in the region and ultimately led to the American Revolution. The French and Indian War also led to a massive debt for the British government, which contributed to the financial crisis that would eventually lead to the American Revolution.
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A mini-boat launched in 2020 by students in new hampshire was lost at sea before recently turning up in what european nation, whose capital is oslo?.
The nation with its capital as Oslo where a mini-boat launched in 2020 turned up at was Norway.
Where is Oslo?Oslo is the capital of the Scandinavian nation of Norway which is located in Northern Europe.
In the year 2020, a mini-boat was launched by American students and the tides took it to the North Sea where it was discovered in Norway.
In conclusion, this was Norway.
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Iraqi sunnis are in conflict with what group in Iran ?
Answer:
Iraqi forces that are also allied with the U.S.
Explanation:
what is the meaning of france
Answer:
The name "France" (and its adjective "French") can have four different meanings which it is important to distinguish in order to avoid ambiguities. Its origin is the Germanic word "frank" which means "free" and is also a male name.
How do humans change and live within their environment?
Answer:
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
if my answer helps you than mark me as brainliest.
Answer:
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
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Answer:
b
Explanation:
trust me.............
Explain the difference between nationalism and sectionalism
Answer:
Nationalism is an idea and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation as in a group of people, while Sectionalism refers to the different lifestyles, social structures, customs, and the political values of the North and the South.
Explanation:
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what are possible role problems in family functioning following an acute event?
Possible role problems in family functioning following an acute event include role confusion, role reversal, role overload, and role conflicts, leading to a lack of structure, overwhelm, and tension within the family.
Following an acute event, such as a traumatic incident or a sudden loss, several role problems can arise in family functioning. Firstly, there may be role confusion or role reversal, where family members are unable to fulfill their usual roles due to emotional distress or physical limitations. This can lead to a lack of structure and direction within the family. Secondly, there may be role overload, where one or more family members take on excessive responsibilities and become overwhelmed. This can lead to feelings of burnout and resentment.
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