a client diagnosed with chronic renal failure is currently taking lithium for severe depression Lithium has a relatively limited therapeutic range and is only removed by the kidneys. If administered to a patient who has unstable renal function or renal impairment, the dose must be significantly decreased, and plasma lithium levels must be carefully monitored.
Initial research suggests that lithium may have an impact on lifespan and the likelihood of contracting various diseases, however the majority of investigations were done on people who were already using lithium. The relationship between physiologically acceptable blood lithium levels and dietary variables and cardiometabolic risk factors is poorly understood. In a community-based sample from Northern Germany, we examined plasma lithium. All participants, who ranged in age from 25 to 82, took standardised tests and filled out a semi-quantitative eating frequency questionnaire. Most commonly in people with mildly impaired renal function (eGFR 75 mL/min/1.73 m2), the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was statistically substantially (inversely) linked with lithium levels.
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A 73-year-old man presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that:
Answer:
He is in shock and requires prompt transport
Explanation:
I am taking pre-med classes :)
What is the breakdown of sugar in the body for energy called
What is Cimetidine and what does Cimetidine do?
Cimetidine :
- Histamine blocker
- Used to treat mast cell tumors, gastritis, esophagitis, and gastric/esophageal reflux
-Parvovirus, IBS, megaesophagous, and acid reflux to soothe inflammation and assist in healing
Answer:
Cimetidine has a place to a lesson of drugs commonly called H2 blockers. It works by lessening the sum of corrosive in your stomach. This medicine is additionally accessible without a medicine. It is utilized to treat periodic acid reflux caused by too much corrosive within the stomach (too called corrosive acid reflux or acrid stomach).
Which of the following would be most important for the nurse in the evaluation phase of the nursing process?a. Patient satisfaction with drug therapyb. Evidence of therapeutic drug effectsc. Development of minor adverse drug effectsd. The possibility of noncompliance with drug therapy
Patient satisfaction with drug therapy is the nursing process's most critical factor for the nurse to consider.
What is the treatment satisfaction with medicine questionnaire (Satmed-Q)?
The conventional treatment guidelines were followed to identify DTPs, and Micromedex® was employed as a medication interaction checker. The DTPs were categorised using the Cipolle DTPs categorization, and treatment satisfaction was evaluated using the SATMED-Q Questionnaire. Clinical pharmacy services such counselling, medication therapy monitoring, patient support programmes, and pharmaceutical care are generally well-liked by patients. The simplicity of information, confidence in pharmacist competency, and quality of clinical pharmacy services are the main determining criteria.The Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale (SIMS), a tool that has been validated for oncology as well as in other therapeutic disciplines, was used to measure the satisfaction with information.To learn more about Drug therapy refer to:
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Examples: Neutrophils
Neutrophils are white blood cells to maintain the immune system
Neutrophils are one of the most numerous types of white blood cells or leukocytes in the body. These white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. Neutrophils have large pale pink cytoplasm and fine purple granules, and are often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because their nucleus consists of 2 to 5 segments (lobes) that differ in shape
The body needs neutrophils to fight infection while protecting it from various disease threats. therefore neutrophils function to maintain the immune system. Neutrophils will fight bacteria directly by blocking the infection of germs or bacteria that try to enter through the wound.
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what constitutes personal protective equipment? when should personal protective eqiupment be worn? why i spersonal protective equipment important
Personal protective equipment (often referred to as "PPE") is clothing and gear used to reduce exposure to risks that can result in significant workplace diseases and injuries.
Contact with any of the following occupational risks could cause these illnesses and injuries: chemical, radioactive, physical, electrical, mechanical, etc. When coming into touch with blood, body fluids, or respiratory secretions, all staff members, patients, and visitors should wear protective equipment (PPE). Gloves: Hand protection from pathogens and a contribution to limiting their spread are provided by wearing gloves. One of the simplest ways to unknowingly transfer disease is to get bacteria on your hands. Equipment used to avoid or reduce exposure to risks like biological risks is known as personal protective equipment, or PPE. chemistry risks. dangers from radioactivity.
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what constitutes personal protective equipment? when should personal protective eqiupment be worn? why i spersonal protective equipment important?
in addition to the five food groups, we need to include a small amount of oil in the diet for which nutrients?
In addition to the five food groups, we need to include a small amount of oil in the diet for essential fats and vitamin E that oils provide.
What is meant by diet?Diet is the total amount of food that a human or other creature consumes. The term "diet" frequently connotes the utilisation of a certain nutritional intake for health or weight control purposes (with the two often being related). Despite the fact that humans are omnivores, each culture and individual has certain eating preferences or food taboos. This could be because of ethical or personal preferences. Dietary choices made by an individual may be more or less healthful.Consuming and absorbing vitamins, minerals, required amino acids from protein and essential fatty acids from fat-containing foods, as well as dietary energy in the form of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, are all necessary for complete nutrition. The quality of life, health, and lifespan are significantly influenced by dietary practices and decisions.Learn more about Diet refer to ;
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Which of the following changes in flow rate or in solute concentrations would NOT occur if the blood inflow rate were increased, increasing the pressure in the dialysis chamber?
A) The blood volume reaching the outflow tube per unit time would increase.
B) The osmotic concentration of proteins in the dialysate fluid would increase
C) The osmotic concentration of proteins in the blood outflow would increase or remain unchanged.
D) The filtration rate across the dialysis membrane would increase.
Answer:
The correct answer is - B) The osmotic concentration of proteins in the dialysate fluid would increase
Explanation:
If the blood inflow rate were increased, increasing the pressure in the dialysis chamber, there would be increase in the blood volume comes to the outflow tube per unit time. The filtration rate across the membrane would increase because the pressure in the chamber would be greater
The osmotic concentration of proteins would not be expected to increase in the dialysate fluid because proteins generally do not pass through the membrane
Policies and procedures have been developed and implemented based on your organization’s?
Answer:
A policy is a set of general guidelines that outline the organization's plan for tackling an issue. Policies communicate the connection between the organization's vision and values and its day-to-day operations. A procedure explains a specific action plan for carrying out a policy.
Please give me brainliest - you get 25% as well! I swear!
Which of the following statements concerning anger is false? Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A.There are positive aspects associated with feelings of anger.
B. Anger is one of the most passionate emotions.
C. Anger can result if one experiences limitation.
D. Anger is only a maladaptive emotion.
(Pychology)
Answer: D.
Explanation:
Answer:
D on edge
Explanation:
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has gout and a new prescription for allopurinol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
-"If I get a rash from this medication, I will take my usual antihistamine."
-"I need to increase my fluid intake while taking this medication."
-"I should take this medicine on an empty stomach."
-"If I get a fever while taking this medication, I will take some aspirin."
Allopurinol as an antigout medication prevents gouty arthritis by inhibiting uric acid production. This uric acid that causes gout may be the result of decreased kidney function. In order to minimize the chances of developing kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) as a result of decreased function, the patient taking this medication should increase their fluid intake to about 2500-3500 mL/day, and statements that reiterate such demonstrate understanding of the nurse's teaching. The patient may also want to avoid acidic foods and possibly follow an alkaline diet as to not cause urinary acidification.
If the patient develops a rash or fever, these signs should not be solved with other medications and ignored. These signs should be reported to a provider as they may point towards the development of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction indicating necessity to discontinue allopurinol treatment. Taking this medication on an empty stomach can cause gastric irritation so it is recommended to administer allopurinol after milk or meals with plenty of fluid, possibly crushed and mixed with food for dysphagic patients.
The statement by the client that indicates an understanding of the teaching is: "I need to increase my fluid intake while taking this medication."
1. Importance of Fluid Intake: Allopurinol is a medication commonly prescribed for gout, a condition characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. Allopurinol works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body.
One potential side effect of allopurinol is the formation of kidney stones. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent the formation of kidney stones by promoting urine production and flushing out uric acid and other waste products from the body.
2. Hydration and Uric Acid Elimination: By increasing fluid intake, the client can help maintain adequate hydration, which is crucial for optimal kidney function and the elimination of uric acid from the body. Adequate fluid intake also helps dilute the concentration of uric acid in the urine, reducing the risk of crystal formation and kidney stone development.
3. Recommended Fluids: The client should be advised to consume plenty of water throughout the day. Water is the ideal choice for hydration and can effectively assist in flushing out uric acid. Other non-caffeinated beverages, such as herbal teas and diluted fruit juices, can also contribute to fluid intake.
4. Other Statements: The other statements made by the client do not demonstrate an understanding of the teaching. Taking an antihistamine for a rash caused by allopurinol may not be appropriate, as it does not address the underlying cause.
Allopurinol is typically taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects, so taking it on an empty stomach is not recommended. Taking aspirin for a fever while on allopurinol may not be suitable, as it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management of any fever or potential medication interactions.
In summary, the client's statement about increasing fluid intake while taking allopurinol demonstrates an understanding of the teaching and the importance of hydration in preventing kidney stone formation and promoting the elimination of uric acid.
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What are is the recommended criteria to avoid hip dislocation after total hip replacement except?
A. Keep knees above hips
B. Never bend forward to pick up an object
C. Never cross your legs when seated
D. Keep knees apart at all times
To avoid hip dislocation after total hip replacement, it is recommended to never bend forward to pick up an object. This is an important criterion to follow to maintain the stability of the hip joint and reduce the risk of dislocation.
To avoid hip dislocation after total hip replacement, there are several recommended criteria to follow. The correct answer is B. Never bend forward to pick up an object.
Let's go through the other options and explain why they are recommended:
A. Keep knees above hips: This is a good practice as it helps maintain proper alignment of the hip joint and reduces the risk of dislocation. However, it is not the only criteria to avoid hip dislocation after total hip replacement.
C. Never cross your legs when seated: Crossing your legs can put stress on the hip joint and increase the risk of dislocation. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid crossing your legs after a total hip replacement.
D. Keep knees apart at all times: Keeping the knees apart can help maintain stability in the hip joint and prevent dislocation. It is a good practice to follow, but it is not the exception in this case.
It is important to note that these recommendations may vary depending on the specific surgical technique used and the individual's unique situation. It is always best to consult with your surgeon or healthcare provider for specific guidelines tailored to your condition.
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7. This is the most hydrophobic molecule
known:
a.phospholipid
b. cholesterol
c.triglyceride
d. wax
Answer: i think its a
Explanation: a
Which medications have the potential to increase a patient's susceptibility to infection?
Select one or more:
a.
Immunosuppresants
b.
Antihypertensives
c.
corticosteroids
d.
Insulin
Why is it important to use aseptic technique when washing your hands before working with prescriptions?
Answer:
When performed properly, aseptic technique prevents contamination and transfer of pathogens to the patient from caregiver hands, surfaces, and equipment during routine care or procedures.
Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis. More extensive surgical procedure or other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, then are used to treat the bulk of the tumor.
In the event that an individual is diagnosed with a tumor, a piece of the tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis. More extensive surgical procedure or other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, then are used to treat the bulk of the tumor.
Most commonly, the extent of the surgery depends on the type of cancer, its location, and its size. Surgery may involve a biopsy, which is a small piece of tissue removed for examination to determine the nature of the cancer. The operation may involve removing the entire tumor, as well as nearby lymph nodes or other affected organs or tissues.
Treatment options that are used to treat tumors include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy.
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy involves the use of high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy involves the use of the body's immune system to fight cancer.
Targeted therapy involves the use of drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and spread. Hormonal therapy involves the use of drugs to block the action of hormones that may contribute to the growth of certain types of cancer.
In conclusion, the removal of a piece of the tumor for examination to establish a diagnosis is an important step in the treatment of tumors.
Afterward, more extensive surgical procedure or other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, then are used to treat the bulk of the tumor.
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Hat modifier is used for medically-directed crna services?
This is because no is the correct explanation of no.
A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Adjust the water temperature to feel hot. B. Apply 4 to 5 mL of liquid soap to the hands. C. Hold the hands higher than the elbows. D. Rub hands and arms to dry.
A nurse performing hand hygiene should apply 4 to 5 mL of liquid soap to the hands, option B.
What are the steps to perform proper hand hygiene in the hospital?In most healthcare settings, the CDC recommends using alcohol-based hand sanitizers as the primary method of hand hygiene. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers effectively reduce the number of germs on healthcare workers' hands after interacting with patients.
Hand washing is still considered the safest technique to get rid of germs. The steps include wetting hands with warm water, applying 4 to 5 ml of liquid soap, rubbing palms and fingers together while ensuring elbow is higher than hands rinsing with water and drying with a paper towel.
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which of the following best illustrates drug misuse, as opposed to drug abuse?
Drug misuse refers to using prescription medication in ways that are not intended by the prescriber or taking more medication than was prescribed. Some drug misuse may lead to addiction.
Drug misuse differs from drug abuse in that drug abuse refers to the use of drugs for non-medical reasons or in ways that are not prescribed by a doctor. It is often used interchangeably with the term "drug addiction." Examples of drug misuse include taking medication at a higher dose than prescribed, using someone else's medication, or using a medication in a way that is not intended by the prescriber. One example that best illustrates drug misuse as opposed to drug abuse is taking prescription medication for longer than prescribed.
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Added sugar should be less than _________% of the total carbohydrate of a food item.
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
Added sugar in a meal should be less than 10% ( A ) of the total carbohydrate of a food item
Importance of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates in the human body is a source of energy which helps with the performance of daily routine by individuals. Carbohydrates are first broken down into glucose before absorption into the blood stream.
Since carbohydrates are broken into glucose the added sugar in a meal should be less than 10% of the total carbohydrate in the food.
Hence we can conclude that Added sugar in a meal should be less than 10% ( A ) of the total carbohydrate of a food item.
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hat are the priority nursing actions you would anticipate implementing when caring for Mr. Jones and why?
Repositioning Mr. Jones in a high Fowler's position, maintaining a close watch on his O2sat levels, and vital signs, assessing for chest pain, and recommending deep breathing exercises are the top nursing interventions for Mr. Jones.
What are priority nursing actions?The various nursing interventions that I would use as a priority to care for Mr. Jones are listed below.
However, the initial step is to. Give oxygen as directed to aid in gathering vital signs. Other crucial nursing actions include: Recognizing that Mr. Jones could be dying and checking to see how strong his airways are.
Obtain Mr. Jones' critical symptoms so that you can contact him and his family if necessary. To ensure Mr. is well nourished and hydrated, start an IV line for fluid replenishment.
Therefore, administer oxygen as ordered to help in obtaining vital signs.
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Callie received treatment for her sleep apnea, which was initially suspected from her snoring. Her provider has submitted a claim with the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Do you approve or deny the claim?
Group of answer choices
Approve
Deny
Explanation:
it is likely that the claim for Callie's treatment for obstructive sleep apnea will be approved. Obstructive sleep apnea is a medical condition in which a person's breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep due to a blockage in the airway. It is often characterized by loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. Treatment for obstructive sleep apnea typically involves the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, which helps to keep the airway open during sleep.
In order to determine whether or not a claim for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea will be approved, insurance providers typically require documentation of a formal diagnosis from a qualified healthcare provider. In this case, Callie's provider has submitted a claim with the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, which should meet the criteria for approval.
Caleb is working as pharmacy technician. He has decided that he wants to continue with his education because he wants to become a pharmacist. Which statement BEST describes Caleb's situation?
a. Caleb has some education but needs to pass the certification exam.
b. Caleb has a license and is wanting to obtain a certificate.
c. Caleb has a certificate and is wanting to obtain a license.
d. Caleb has passed one PTCE but still needs to pass the other.
Answer:
C. Caleb has a certificate and is wanting to obtain a license.
Explanation:
I calculated it logically
a nurse is working with a child who has osgood-schlatter disease. which client would be the most likely to develop this condition?
The most likely client to develop Osgood-Schlatter disease is an active child who is going through a growth spurt.
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common condition that affects the knee in growing children and adolescents. It occurs when the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone, becomes inflamed and causes pain and swelling in the area just below the knee.
What are some risk factors for developing Osgood-Schlatter disease?Osgood-Schlatter disease is most common in active children and adolescents who participate in sports that involve running, jumping, and quick changes of direction. The condition is also more likely to occur during growth spurts, when bones and muscles are growing at a rapid rate. Other risk factors include having tight leg muscles or participating in activities that place excessive stress on the knees.
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Assume that 300 mg of drug A are given to a patient and the drug is completely absorbed (bioavailability factor F = 1). The overall first-order elimination half-life (t ) for this drug is 6.0 hours, and the apparent volume of distribution is 200 L. What is the systemic clearance of drug A?
A. 0.92 L/hr
B. 2.31 L/hr
C. 9.24 L/hr
D. 13.9 L/hr
E. 23.1 L/hr
The overall first-order elimination half-life (t ) for this drug is 6.0 hours, and the apparent volume of distribution is 200 L the the systemic clearance of drug A is E.) 23.1 L/hr.
The systemic clearance of drug A can be calculated using the formula: Clearance = (0.693 * Volume of distribution) / Half-life.
In this case, the volume of distribution is given as 200 L and the half-life is given as 6.0 hours.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get: Clearance = (0.693 * 200) / 6.0.
Calculating this, we find that the systemic clearance of drug A is approximately 23.1 L/hr.
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The functional structure of a protein is its _____ structure, which is ultimately determined by the _____.
A. tertiary; primary structure.
B. primary; ions it possesses.
C. tertiary; concentration of phosphates.
D. monogamous; first amino acid on the terminal sequence.
E. tertiary; number of essential amino acids.
Answer:
A. tertiary; primary structure.
Ethical Principles From the case study provided: a) Identify the meaning of a fragility hip fracture and the impact this can have on an elderly person. b) Describe the specific situation in this case study. c) Using the Framework of Ethical Decision Making (Corey et al., 2014) d) Identify the problem or dilemma Describe the potential issues involved f) Review relevant ethics principles as they apply to this case (eg; informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence, etc. g) Consider possible and probable courses of action h) Describe the consequences of various decisions i) What is the best course of action? Provide a reflection of your learning with this case study. What did you learn? How will you apply this learning in the future? 1 Assignment #2 Ethical Principles From the case study provided: a) Identify the meaning of a fragility hip fracture and the impact this can have on an elderly person. b) Describe the specific situation in this case study. c) Using the Framework of Ethical Decision Making (Corey et al., 2014) d) Identify the problem or dilemma Describe the potential issues involved f) Review relevant ethics principles as they apply to this case (eg; informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence, etc. g) Consider possible and probable courses of action h) Describe the consequences of various decisions i) What is the best course of action? Provide a reflection of your learning with this case study. What did you learn? How will you apply this learning in the future?
a) A fragility hip fracture is a broken hip bone resulting from minimal trauma or a fall in the elderly person which leads to pain, mobility loss, and reduced independence.
b) The specific situation in the given case study involves an elderly individual experiencing a fragility hip fracture and being admitted to the hospital for treatment. The fracture caused severe pain, limited mobility, and required surgery. A person's independence and quality of life are severely compromised and require support and rehabilitation to restore function.
c) Using the Framework of Ethical Decision Making, the problem or dilemma is how to address the treatment and care of the elderly patient with a fragility hip fracture.
d) The potential issues involved in this scenario includes ensuring informed consent, maintaining patient confidentiality, promoting beneficence, and balancing autonomy with the patient's best interests.
f) Relevant ethics principles include informed consent, confidentiality, beneficence (doing good for the patient), and autonomy.
g) Possible courses of action may include surgical intervention, pain management, rehabilitation, and ensuring proper support and care for the patient.
h) Consequences of decisions can vary which includes successful recovery, complications, functional limitations, and impact on the patient's quality of life.
i) The best course of action depends on individual circumstances, but it may involve a comprehensive treatment plan that considers the patient's preferences, involves shared decision-making, and prioritizes their overall well-being.
Reflection: This case studies highlight the importance of considering ethical principles in medical decision-making, especially when dealing with vulnerable populations such as the elderly. It stresses the importance of informed consent, confidentiality and the promotion of the patient's best interests.
We learnt the significance of considering individual values and preferences, as well as involving the person and their support system in decision-making. In the future, we can apply this learning by ensuring a patient-centered approach, promoting open communication, and advocating for the well-being and autonomy of individuals in my healthcare practice.
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How would a normal heart sound different than a murmur? How can a condition such as mitral valve regurgitation can lead to a murmur?
Answer:
A murmur sounds like rasping or blowing sounds, it can happen when blood comes into your heart or leaves your heart.
Explanation:
in addition to obtaining a sample history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you specifically inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease?
While obtaining a sample history of a patient having a potentially infectious disease we should specifically inquire about their recent travel.
What are infectious diseases?
These are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that pass from one person to another. Some are transmitted by insects or other animals and by consuming contaminated food and water or being exposed to organisms in the environment.
Common infectious diseases:
Common coldstomach fluHepatitisRespiratory syncytial virusInfluenzaMeaslesNew infectious diseases are spread by the introduction of a new microorganism into a new geographic area on traveling to different areas. A novel pathogen entering a new population where it is the first to appear causes the most severe disease.
There are different types of travel-associated infections that cause fever, diarrhea, vomiting, rashes, muscle aches, malaria, dengue, typhoid, and chikungunya.
Hence recent traveling is the main cause of spreading potentially infectious diseases which should be inquired about in addition to sample history and chief complaint.
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Difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain becomes blocked, as by a clot. A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel bursts, leaking blood into the brain.