a carnot heat engine with thermal efficiency 1/6 is run backward as a carnot refrigerator.
what is the refrigator's coefficient of performance?

The difference between the natural fibers and synthetic fibers is like synthetic fibers are produced using chemicals while, natural fibers are derived from plants and animals and are appreciated in the textile business for several factors.

The fibers that come from natural sources are known as natural fibers. The origins can range from zoological to botanical components. In other words, natural fibers are those that are obtained from plants and animals in their natural state. Wool, silk, hemp, cotton, and linen are a few examples of fabrics that naturally breathe.

Synthetic fibers are produced through a sequence of chemical processes, as their name suggests. These fibers are produced using a variety of chemical compounds rather than being derived from natural sources.

The creation of tiny molecules known as polymers is the process used to create synthetic, artificial, or man-made fibers. In most cases, raw materials and chemical compounds are used to extract polymers. Nylon, polyester, acrylic, and more are a few examples.

To know more about fibers visit

https://brainly.com/question/6325712

#SPJ4

A. The minimum chromatic resolving power needed to resolve the two spectral lines is approximately 26,924.

B. The lowest order required to resolve the lines is approximately 477.

To determine the minimum chromatic resolving power and the lowest order required to resolve the two Fraunhofer lines in the solar absorption spectrum, we can use the formula for resolving power and the relationship between wavelength, order, and the number of slits in a diffraction grating.

(a) The minimum chromatic resolving power (R) can be calculated using the formula:

R = λ / Δλ

where λ is the wavelength of the spectral line and Δλ is the minimum separation between the two lines.

Given that the wavelengths of the two lines are 430.790 nm and 430.774 nm, the minimum separation can be found by taking the difference:

Δλ = 430.790 nm - 430.774 nm = 0.016 nm

Substituting this value into the formula, we get:

R = 430.790 nm / 0.016 nm ≈ 26,924

Therefore, the minimum chromatic resolving power needed to resolve these two spectral lines is approximately 26,924.

(b) The lowest order required to resolve the two lines can be determined using the formula:

m = N * Δλ / λ

where m is the order, N is the number of slits in the diffraction grating, Δλ is the minimum separation between the lines, and λ is the wavelength of the lines.

Given that the number of slits is 12,800, we can substitute the values into the formula

m = 12,800 * 0.016 nm / 430.790 nm ≈ 477

Therefore, the lowest order required to resolve these two lines is approximately 477.

For more such information on: power

https://brainly.com/question/1634438

#SPJ8

The equation F ≤ mg gives the vertical force he must apply to the pole. The magnitude of the force is 90.0 times the acceleration if the mass of the firemen is 90kg.

The given data is:

Mass of firemen = m

Acceleration = a

a.

There are two forces acting on the fireman. They are his weight (mg) acting downwards, and the force of friction (F) between the pole and the fireman acting upwards.

The fireman is sliding down the pole, and the force of friction must be less than the force of gravity acting toward the fireman or equal. Therefore, the equation giving the vertical force he must apply to the pole is,

F ≤ mg.

b.

If the fireman's mass is 90.0 kg and he accelerates at a rate of a.

The magnitude of his applied force can be calculated by:

a = F/m

To calculate the Forec, we can rearrange the equation as:

F = ma

F = (90.0 kg) x (a)

Therefore we can conclude that the magnitude of the force is 90.0 times the acceleration a.

To learn more about acceleration

https://brainly.com/question/15015453

#SPJ4

The coefficient of friction (fr) is a number that represents the ratio of the frictional resistive force (Fr) divided by the normal or perpendicular force (N) pushing the objects together. The equation fr = Fr/N represents it.

Friction is a resistive force that prevents two objects from freely sliding against one another. The coefficient of friction (fr) is the ratio of the frictional resistive force (Fr) divided by the normal or perpendicular force (N) pushing the objects together. It is denoted by the equation fr = Fr/N.

The coefficient of friction has different types and values depending on the type of resistive force. Experiments, such as measuring the force required to overcome friction or the angle at which an object begins to slide off an incline, can be used to determine the coefficient of friction. There are also charts available of common coefficients of friction.

The static, deformation, and molecular coefficients of friction are combined in the rolling coefficient of friction. This coefficient of friction can be reduced significantly.

To learn more about Coefficient of Friction refer to :https://brainly.com/question/17261342

#SPJ4

The moment of inertia of a uniform solid sphere is equal to 0.448 \(kgm^2\).

Given the following data:

Mass of sphere = 7 kg.

Radius of sphere = 0.4 meter.

Mathematically, the moment of inertia of a solid sphere is given by this formula:

\(I=\frac{2}{5} mr^2\)

Where:

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

\(I=\frac{2}{5} \times 7 \times 0.4^2\\\\I=2.8 \times 0.16\)

I = 0.448 \(kgm^2\).

Read more on inertia here: https://brainly.com/question/3406242

The energy of the ground state of rubidium-87 atoms confined in a box is 1.28 x 10^-30 J or 7.99 x 10^-10 eV. The condensation temperature is 7.69 x 10^6 eV, and at T = 0.9Tc, there are only a very small number of atoms in the ground state (1.36 x 10^-6).

a) To calculate the energy of the ground state, we need to use the formula for the energy of a harmonic oscillator, since the atoms are confined in a box:

\(E(n) = (n + 1/2)hv\)

where

The frequency of the oscillator is given by:

ν = c / λ

where

For rubidium-87, the wavelength is approximately 780 nm, and the speed of light is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s. Therefore, the frequency is:

\(v = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (780 x 10^{-9} m) = 3.85 x 10^{14} Hz\)

The energy of the ground state (n = 0) is:

\(E(0) = (1/2)hv = (1/2)(6.626 \times 10^{-34} J s)(3.85 \times 10^{14} s^{-1}) = 1.28 \times 10^{-30} J\)

To convert to electron volts (eV), we use the conversion factor \(1 eV = 1.602 \times 10^{-19} J\):

\(E(0) = (1.28 \times 10^{-30} J) / (1.602 \times 10^{-19} J/eV) = 7.99 \times 10^{-10} eV\)

Therefore, the energy of the ground state is 1.28 x 10^-30 J or 7.99 x 10^-10 eV.

b) The condensation temperature is given by:

\(kTc = (2\pi h^2 / mk)(N / V)^{(2/3)}\)

where

Substituting the given values, we have:

\(kTc = (2\pi(1.0546 \times 10^{-34} J s / 2\pi)^2 / (1.443 \times 10^{-25} kg))(10,000 / (10^{-15} m^3))^{(2/3)} = 1.23 \times 10^{-12} J\)

To convert to eV, we use the conversion factor 1 \(eV = 1.602 \pi 10^{-19} J\):

\(kTc = (1.23 \times 10^{-12} J) / (1.602 \times 10^{-19} J/eV) = 7.69 \times 10^6 eV\)

Therefore, the condensation temperature is \(7.69 \times 10^6 eV\).

Comparing kTc to E(0), we have:

\(kTc / E(0) = (7.69 \times 10^6 eV) / (7.99 \times 10^{-10} eV) = 9.63 \times 10^{15}\)

c) If T = 0.9Tc, then kT = 0.9kTc. Using this value, we can calculate the number of atoms in the ground state:

\(N0 = N[1 - (kT / E(0))^{(3/2)}]\)

\(N0 = 10,000[1 - (0.9)(9.63 \times 10^{15})^{(3/2)}] = 1.36 \times 10^{-6}\)

Therefore, there are only a very small number of atoms \((1.36 \times 10^{-6})\) in the ground state at T = 0.9Tc.

The chemical potential μ can be approximated to the ground state energy E(0) in this case. The number of atoms in the excited states can be calculated as N - N0, which is approximately equal to N.

d) For 106 atoms in the same volume, the condensation temperature and energy of the ground state remain the same as in part b) and a), respectively.  At T = 0.9Tc, the number of atoms in the ground state is still very small \((1.36 \times 10^{-6}).\)

The condition for a large number of atoms in the ground state is \(N\lambda^3 < < 1\), where

λ is the thermal wavelength given by \(\lambda = (2\pi h^2 / mkT)^{(1/2)}.\)

This means that the number of atoms in the box must be small and the temperature must be low for a significant number of atoms to be in the ground state.

Learn more about energy of the ground state: brainly.com/question/31428609

#SPJ11

Answer:

Robert brown first noticed the strange motion of tiny particles and named it Brownian motion

The student's conclusion is correct, and it is supported by both the data in Figure 12 and the formula for calculating the total resistance of resistors in parallel.

The student's conclusion is correct because when resistors are connected in parallel, the total resistance decreases as the number of resistors increases. This is because the current has multiple pathways to flow through, which reduces the overall resistance.

If we examine Figure 12, we can see that as the number of resistors in parallel increases, the mean total resistance decreases. For example, when there are two resistors in parallel, the mean total resistance is around 50 ohms, whereas when there are ten resistors in parallel, the mean total resistance is around 10 ohms.

To further support the student's conclusion, we can use the formula for calculating the total resistance of resistors in parallel:

1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... + 1/Rn

where RT is the total resistance, R1, R2, R3, and Rn are the resistance values of each individual resistor in parallel.

From this equation, we can see that as the number of resistors in parallel (n) increases, the sum of the inverse resistance values (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... + 1/Rn) also increases. As a result, the total resistance (RT) decreases, which supports the student's conclusion that the number of resistors in parallel is inversely proportional to the mean total resistance.

Therefore, the student's conclusion is correct, and it is supported by both the data in Figure 12 and the formula for calculating the total resistance of resistors in parallel.

Learn more about total resistance

https://brainly.com/question/16465349

#SPJ4

The average velocity of the following 4 velocity measurements will be d) 8.7 m/s

average of given velocities  = sum of all velocities divided by number of velocity mentioned in the question

average velocity = ( v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 ) / 4

                            = ( 9.6 + 8.8 + 7.6 + 8.7 ) / 4 = 8.675 ≈ 8.7 m/s

correct answer d)

The average velocity of the following 4 velocity measurements will be d) 8.7 m/s

To learn more about velocity here :

https://brainly.com/question/18084516

#SPJ1

Answer:

see below

Explanation:

b ) the vibrations of the air particles are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

c) use formula

speed = wavelength x frequency

speed = 0.85 x 400

speed = 340 m/s

hope you get it

please mark

Answer:

1.Your friend says "no thanks" to the dinner your dad cooked and prefers to just hang out with friends instead.

2. Your teammates keep making fun of you for spending so much time studying for Friday's math test.

3. Your coworkers spend every weekend watching movies at Tim's house and invite you to join them.

4. Your friends all sign up for a free class at the gym and suggest you sign up for it, too.

Answer:

1. The formula for speed is speed = distance ÷ time. To work out what the units are for speed, you need to know the units for distance and time

2. 36÷4= 9

(formula) Speed = distance ÷ time

3. Meter (M) centimeter (cm) kilometers (km)

4. Seconds , Hour, Minute

5. 65÷13=5 (object A)

125÷ 25= 5 (object B)

their both Equal of the amount of speed, so they are travelling at the same speed

Hope I helped

Kinetic energy The height of an object of mass m moving at speed 4v will be greater than that of an object of mass 2m moving at speed 3v. Kinetic energy = 0.5 m v2

A mass of 2 m moving at a speed of 3 v has kinetic energy of 9 m, while a mass of m moving at a speed of 4 v has kinetic energy of 8 m. The ability of an object to move another object is known as its kinetic energy. It is effective for a force to move an object. Furthermore, we are aware that an object in motion can cause a stationary object to move if it collides with it. It can therefore perform a function. The ability of an object to perform work as a result of its motion is how we define kinetic energy.

Learn more about kinetic energy here

https://brainly.com/question/1542593

#SPJ4

The correct order of these types of radiation from highest penetrating power to lowest penetrating power is gamma, beta, and alpha. The correct option is C.

Among gamma, beta, and alpha radiation, gamma radiation has the shortest wavelength. This is because gamma radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves, similar to X-rays and light, but with even shorter wavelengths.

In terms of other properties:

Alpha radiation consists of particles called alpha particles, which are helium nuclei (two protons and two neutrons) that are emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. Alpha particles are relatively large and heavy, and they have a positive charge. They have a short range in air and can be stopped by a piece of paper or human skin, but they can cause significant damage to living tissue if they are inhaled or ingested.

Beta radiation consists of particles called beta particles, which are high-energy electrons or positrons that are emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. Beta particles are smaller and lighter than alpha particles, and they have a negative charge. They have a longer range in air than alpha particles, but they can be stopped by a thin sheet of metal or plastic.

Gamma radiation, as mentioned earlier, consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves. Gamma rays are similar to X-rays but have even higher energies and shorter wavelengths. Gamma rays have the longest range in air and require dense materials, such as lead or concrete, to stop them. Gamma radiation is the most penetrating of the three types of radiation and can cause damage to living tissue if exposure is prolonged.

To learn about nuclear fusion click:

https://brainly.com/question/12701636

#SPJ7

Answer:

Explanation:

The Law of Momentum Conservation applies and its equation is:

\([(m_1v_1)+(m_2v_2)]_b=[(m_1v_1)+(m_2v_2)]_a\) and filling in and solving for v2:

\([(3.0*2.0)+(1.0*-2.0)]_b=[(3.0*0)+(1.0v_2)]_a\) and

6.0 - 2.0 = 0 + 1.0v₂ and

4.0 = v₂ in the initial direction of the 3.0 kg ball (since the velocity of the 3.0 kg ball is positive and the velocity of the 1.0 kg ball is negative and our answer is positive).

Answer:

If you double the mass of an object, you double the kinetic energy. If you double the speed of an object, the kinetic energy increases by four times. Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another in the form of a collision....What happen to the kinetic energy of its velocity become double ? The energy possessed by a body because of its motion, equal to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed is called its kinetic energy. Hence, when velocity is doubled, kinetic energy becomes 4 times.

Explanation:

Answer: It increases by four times

Explanation: If you double the mass of an object, you double the kinetic energy. If you double the speed of an object, the kinetic energy increases by four times. Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another in the form of a collision.

The present value of the following single amounts are as follows;

PV for FV = $20,000, I =7%, N =10 years is $10,155.84

PV for FV = $14,000, I =8%, N =12 years is $4,489.92

PV for FV = $25,000, I =12%, N =20 years is $2,590.11

PV for FV = $40,000, I =10%, N =8 years is $18,520.89.

Future value (FV) =$20,000,

Interest rate (I) =7%,Time (n) = 10 years

The present value (PV) can be calculated as follows;

PV = FV / (1 + i)n = 20000 / (1 + 0.07)10PV = 20000 / 1.96715PV = $10,155.84

Future value (FV) =$14,000,

Interest rate (I) =8%,

Time (n) = 12 years

The present value (PV) can be calculated as follows;

PV = FV / (1 + i)n = 14000 / (1 + 0.08)12PV = 14000 / 3.12159PV = $4,489.92

Future value (FV) =$25,000,

Interest rate (I) =12%,Time (n) = 20 years

The present value (PV) can be calculated as follows;

PV = FV / (1 + i)n = 25000 / (1 + 0.12)20PV = 25000 / 9.64632PV = $2,590.11

Future value (FV) =$40,000,Interest rate (I) =10%,Time (n) = 8 years

The present value (PV) can be calculated as follows;

PV = FV / (1 + i)n = 40000 / (1 + 0.1)8PV = 40000 / 2.15893PV = $18,520.89

Learn more about Future value from the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/30787954

#SPJ11

A Nichrome wire 42 cm long and 0.28 mm in diameter is connected to a 2.1 V flashlight battery. You don't have to know how the wire is bent because it doesn't affect the resistance of the wire.

Nichrome is a type of resistance wire made from a nickel-chromium alloy. It has a high melting point and can withstand high temperatures. Nichrome wire is commonly used in heating elements, such as those found in toasters and hairdryers. The resistance of a wire depends on its length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity.

The resistance of a wire is given by the formula:

R = (ρl)/AWere,ρ = resistivity

l = length of wire

A = cross-sectional area of the wire

Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire. Therefore, a longer and thinner wire will have a higher resistance than a shorter and thicker wire. The resistivity of the material is also an important factor that affects the resistance of a wire.Since the length and diameter of the Nichrome wire are given, the resistance of the wire can be calculated using the formula mentioned above. Once the resistance is known, the current flowing through the wire can be calculated using Ohm's law. The voltage of the battery is also given, so the power dissipated by the wire can be calculated. The way the wire is bent does not affect its resistance or other electrical properties, so it is not necessary to know how it is bent.

Therefore, you do not have to know how the Nichrome wire is bent in order to calculate the current through the wire connected to a 2.1V flashlight battery.

To know more about Nichrome wire please visit :

https://brainly.com/question/23943983

#SPJ11

A chart that compares and contrasts electric and magnetic fields.

Some differences between electric and magnetic fields that you could include in a chart are

Electric Fields

1. Created by electric charges.

2. Can exist even when charges are at rest.

3. Can attract or repel other charges.

4. Electric field lines begin and end on charges.

5. Units are N/C or V/m.

5. Can do work on charges, converting potential energy to kinetic energy.

6. Can be shielded by conductors.

Magnetic Fields

1. Created by moving charges.

2. Only exist when charges are in motion.

3. Can attract or repel other magnets.

4. Magnetic field lines form closed loops.

5. Units are T (Tesla) or Gauss.

6. Cannot do work on charges, but can induce a voltage.

7. Cannot be shielded by conductors, but can be partially shielded by materials like iron.

To know more about electric and magnetic fields here

https://brainly.com/question/8705524

#SPJ4

Answer:

With regards to NASA's ambition to send humans to Mars, is an encouraging idea.  Also, the aim of sending food supply by unmanned spacecraft before the 2030 project though noble is filled with constraints and design problems.

For the constraints,

1. The spacecraft could be lost on the space before it reaches its destination being Mars. This is because, lack of communication between the control unit on earth and the spacecraft signify it being lost forever.

2. The food supply is bound to spoil on Mars since it would be stored unrefrigerated. This is as a result of the actions of the micro organisms acting on them.

For the criteria for the engineering design problem:

1. The distance between earth and Mars is very far

2. Not factoring in the preservation method into the unmanned aircraft.

Explanation:

Answer:

once the parachute is opened, the air resistance overwhelms the downward force of gravity. The net force and the acceleration on the falling skydiver is upward. ... The skydiver thus slows down. As the speed decreases, the amount of air resistance also decreases until once more the skydiver reaches a terminal velocity.

Explanation:

As the parachute is opened the air and due to the downward force of gravity the resource is upwards hence the skydiver falls slowly.

A parachutist is one who uses a parachute when making a skydive. Once the parachute is opened the air offers some resistance and due to the downward force of gravity.

The net force and force of acceleration are on the skydiver and a, as a result, he falls slowly. As the speed gets decreased the amount of air resistance will also decrease.

Find out more information about the  parachutist

brainly.com/question/26067196

Answer:

A) the liquid particals move slower

Explanation:

vapor has a higher temp and have more energy than liquid so it's not c or d. and liquid has a lower boiling point than vapor

Answer:

If we are talking fusion. Yes they both use nuclear fusion.

if its fission or anything else no.

Answer:

I believe it's B.

Explanation:

The force that a magnet exerts on certain materials, including other magnets, is called magnetic force. The force is exerted over a distance and includes forces of attraction and repulsion. North and south poles of two magnets attract each other, while two north poles or two south poles repel each other.

Answer:

384 000 000 en notación científica es 3.84*10⁸

Explanation:

La notación científica es una forma de representar números para simplificar la forma en que se escriben. Esta notación se utiliza para poder expresar muy fácilmente números muy grandes o muy pequeños.

Los números se escriben como un producto:

a*10ⁿ

donde:  

Para escribir el número 384 000 000 en notación científica, se realizan los siguientes pasos:

Entonces, 384 000 000 en notación científica es 3.84*10⁸

Answer:

I think C.

Explanation:

If I'm wrong, please do not hesitate to let me know

Answer:

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Explanation:

Rudolf Virchow, a German Physician, stated the theory that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. He used this theory to explain disease pathology at the cellular level. His work helped clarify that diseases occur not at tissue or organ level, but at the cellular level. This resulted in more accurate diagnosis of diseases by other scientists.

His legacies includes being among the first to use animals in his research, first to name numerous diseases and also the creation of many medical terms still in use today.

Answer: F = 102141N

Explanation: Newton's 2nd Law states that a force can change the motion of a body. The relation is given by

F = m.a

whose units are:

[F] = N

[m] = kg

[a] = m/s²

Jenny's car, at the moment of the break, had acceleration:

\(a=\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\)

\(a=\frac{11}{0.14}\)

a = 78.57 m/s²

Then, Force is

F = 1300*78.57

F = 102141 N

Jenny's car experienced a force of magnitude 102141N.

Answer:

4.096 kW

Explanation:

Applying,

P = Fvcos∅................. Equation 1

Where P = Power of the motor, F = Force exerted on the motor, v = Velocity, ∅ = angle.

From the question,

Given: F = 500 N, v = 10 m/s, ∅ = 35°

Substitute these values into equation 1

P = 500×10×cos35°

P = 4095.8 W

P = 4.096 kW

Hence the power rating of the moto in kW is 4.096 kW