a 1 l buffer solution of .25 m hf and .25 m naf. calculate the ph of the solution after the addition of .1 mols of naoh
Answers
A 1 L buffer solution of 0.25 m HF and 0.25 m NaF. The addition of 0.1 mol of NaOH can make the pH of solution 3.82 .
The buffer is made up of weak hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and the fluoride anion (F), which is its conjugate base.
The weak acid and the strong base will neutralize each other when the sodium hydroxide solution is added, supposing there is no change in the buffer's overall volume.
More conjugate bases will be produced by this reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid thus looks like this.
HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) ---> NaF(aq) + H₂O(l)
In the reation,1 mole of hydrofluoric acid will react with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide and produce 1 mole of sodium fluoride.
Determine how many moles you have in solution by multiplying the hydrofluoric acid's molarity by the volume of the buffer.
c = \(\frac{ n }V}\)
n = c . V
n(HF) = 0.25 M × 1 L
n(HF) = 0.25 moles
n(F⁻) = 0.25 M × 1 L
n(F⁻) = 0.25 moles
1 mole of sodium hydroxide are now being added to the buffer. The sodium hydroxide will be completely consumed since there are fewer moles of strong base than weak acid.
The concentration of hydrofluoric acid will be changed from moles to
n(HF) = 0.25 - 0.1
n(HF) = 0.15 moles
The concentration of fluoride anions will be changed from moles to
n(F⁻) = 0.25 + 0.1
n(HF) = 0.35 moles
Calculate the new molarities of the weak acid and its conjugate base using the volume of the buffer.
[HF] = 0.15 moles / 1 L = 0.15 M
[F⁻] = 0.35 moles / 1 L = 0.35 M
To determine the pH of the buffer using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
pH = pKₐ + log (\(\frac{ conjugate base }{ weak acid }\))
Use the acid dissociation constant, Kₐ, to get the value of pKₐ
pKₐ = - log (Kₐ)
The pH of the solution will be,
pH = - log (Kₐ) + log ( \(\frac{[F]}{[HF]}\) )
pH = - log ( 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ ) + log ( \(\frac{0.35}{0.15}\) )
pH = 3.46 + 0.36
pH = 3.82
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Related Questions
The BF3 molecule is non polar, whereas the NF3 molecule is polar. Which of the following statements accounts for the difference in polarity of the two molecules? A. In NF3, each F is joined to N with multiple bonds, whereas in BF3 , each F is joined to Bwith single bonds. B. N –F bonds are polar, whereas B – F bonds are nonpolar.- C. NF3 is an ionic compound, whereas BF3 is a molecular compound. D. Unlike BF3, NF3 has a nonplanar geometry due to an unshared pair of electrons on the Natom.
Answers
The cοrrect statement that accοunts fοr the difference in pοlarity οf the twο mοlecules is:
B) N –F bοnds are pοlar, whereas B – F bοnds are nοnpοlar.
What is NF₃?In NF₃, the nitrοgen (N) and fluοrine (F) atοms fοrm pοl ar cοvalent bοnds, resulting in an uneven distributiοn οf electrοn density. This creates a pοlar mοlecule with a net dipοle mοment.
On the οther hand, in BF₃, the bοrοn (B) and fluοrine (F) atοms fοrm nοnpοlar cοvalent bοnds since the electrοnegativity difference between bοrοn and fluοrine is small.
As a result, BF₃ is a nοnpοlar mοlecule.
Thus, The cοrrect statement that accοunts fοr the difference in pοlarity οf the twο mοlecules is: B) N –F bοnds are pοlar, whereas B – F bοnds are nοnpοlar.
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♦ O people, evidence has come to you from your Lord, and we have sent down to you a clear light ﴾[An-Nisa: 174].
Answers
Answer:
Qura'an is what makes my day, I read it every morning and it makes me relaxed. I love reading the Qura'an. Do dua for me because I hope I am gonna memorize it after I finish reading it with tajweed.
Explanation:
Answer:
:)
Explanation:
Quran is something that makes you feel relax.
the source of gases for the secondary atmosphere of the earth was _______
Answers
The source of gases for the secondary atmosphere of the earth was Volcanic Eruptions.
What is Secondary Atmosphere ?
The scientist think that the atmosphere today is completely different from what it used to be originally and therefore they call it secondary atmosphere.
Internal volcanic activity or the deposit of debris from comet collisions produce a secondary atmosphere.
The secondary atmosphere is thought to have formed as a result of the numerous volcanic eruptions that occurred from the start of Earth's early periods.
Although each volcano is unique, they all emit gases such as H₂O, CO₂, SO₂, H₂S, HCl, N₂, NO₂, and others.
These gases are formed due to melting of the Earth's crust.
Volcanic activity renew the atmosphere's molecules.
These molecules are not the Nitrogen and Oxygen that make up the atmosphere today.
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Starting is one operational condition that a carburetor must be able to supply the proper fuel mixture for. What are the other four?
Answers
Starting is one operational condition that a carburetor must be able to supply the proper fuel mixture for. The other four are Idle, , Accelerator, variable load and speed operation.
Carburetor is the device that is used to mix fuel and air in an internal combustion engine. Its main objective is to provide quality air fuel for special operational requirements such as starting, idling, acceleration, adjusting variable load and speed operation.
The main disadvantage of float-type carburetor is its susceptibility to icing which occurs when there is fuel vaporization and decrease in air pressure in the venturi, which causes a sharp temperature drop in the carburetor. This fuel vaporization occurs within the cylinder of a fuel-injected engine and makes fuel injection system less susceptible to icing.
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What term is used by chemists to quantitatively describe a solution in which a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved?
Answers
If 24k gold is the highest purity (100%), then a 6 Karat piece of gold jewelry would contain what percentage of gold?
Answers
Answer:
25% gold.
Explanation:
6 is 25 percent of 24, so 6 karat gold would be 25% gold.
What is the darkest layer of soil at the top of the photograph called?
A. Aggregate
B. Subsoil
C. Bedrock
D. Topsoil
Answers
Answer: D.)Topsoil
Explanation: Have agriculture
What can form along faults when pushed together or pulled apart?
O Mountains
O Volcanoes
O Both
Answers
Answer:
Both
Explanation:
if you pull a mountain a part that would be great consequences and if a volcano breaks there will be fire .
Read the excerpt from A History of Women’s Suffrage by Stanton, Anthony, and Gage.
Another writer asserts that the tyranny of man over woman has its roots, after all, in his nobler feelings; his love, his chivalry, and his desire to protect woman in the barbarous periods of pillage, lust, and war. But wherever the roots may be traced, the results at this hour are equally disastrous to woman. Her best interests and happiness do not seem to have been consulted in the arrangements made for her protection. She has been bought and sold, caressed and crucified at the will and pleasure of her master. But if a chivalrous desire to protect woman has always been the mainspring of man's dominion over her, it should have prompted him to place in her hands the same weapons of defense he has found to be most effective against wrong and oppression.
Which statement paraphrases the authors’ argument?
Throughout history, men have strived to protect women through chivalrous action and guardianship.
Women have always been subservient to men because they have needed protection during war and pillage.
Men have not been successful protecting women because they have not given women the power to protect themselves.
During times of war, men and women rely on one another for defense, and they each have weapons for battle.
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Took the test
In her book A Vindication of the Rights of Women, British author Mary Wollstonecraft advocated that women should be treated with the same respect and decency as men, particularly when it comes to education. Thus, option C is correct.
What Women’s Suffrage by Stanton, Anthony, and Gage?A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), a groundbreaking feminist text, asserts that girls should be given the same privileges as males.
So that they might become outstanding husbands, mothers, and laborers in addition to being educated to be frivolous and inept by the educational system.
Women should be given the same opportunities as men, and women share the same capacity for reasoning at birth. Women should have the same rights to influence, expertise, and power in society as men do.
Therefore, Men have failed in their attempts to safeguard women because they have not given them the means to do so.
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why must you equalize the pressure inside and outside
Answers
Answer:
You must equalize the pressure inside and outside the flask to determine the total because it keeps the water level the same.
(credits to "coursehero")
Explanation:
Answer: now i don't know
Explanation:
how do i write a c-e-r for this
Heating/Cooling curves can reveal information about the changes in kinetic and potential energy as
heat energy is added or removed. Kinetic energy is energy of motion that increases when heat is
increased. Kinetic energy changes when temperature changes (slopes). Potential energy is the
energy of position. Potential energy changes when temperature is constant (plateaus). Heat energy
added can either be used to change the speed of particles or the spacing of particles. Identify the
points on the heating curve where kinetic energy changes and where potential energy changes. Use
evidence from the simulation to support your claims about how energy is used at slopes and
plateaus.
Answers
Answer: it’s B for edge !
Explanation: took the test
Which two elements are most likely to form a covalent bond?
answer choices
C and Ca
P and F
Sr an S
Li and Cl
Al and I
Answers
available phosphorus levels decline in lower ph, acidic soils because:
Answers
Available phosphorus levels decline in lower pH, acidic soils because of the increased fixation of phosphorus by soil minerals.
In acidic soils, the pH is low, which means that the soil is more acidic.
Under these conditions, the availability of phosphorus to plants decreases.
This decrease occurs primarily due to the increased fixation or binding of phosphorus by soil minerals, particularly iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca) compounds.
When the soil pH is low, these minerals become more soluble and active in binding phosphorus.
The positively charged surfaces of these minerals attract and bind to the negatively charged phosphate ions (PO4 3-) present in the soil.
This binding process, known as phosphorus fixation, reduces the amount of available phosphorus in the soil solution, making it less accessible to plants.
Additionally, the acidic conditions in the soil can also lead to the formation of insoluble compounds, such as iron and aluminum phosphates, further reducing the availability of phosphorus for plant uptake.
To mitigate the decline in available phosphorus in acidic soils, it is common to apply phosphorus fertilizers to provide an additional source of this essential nutrient for plant growth.
Soil amendments or liming materials can also be used to raise the pH of acidic soils, which helps to reduce phosphorus fixation and improve its availability to plants.
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Which of the following best describes an electron transition?
A. An electron gains or loses energy and moves between continuous
energy levels.
B. An electron gains or loses charge and changes into a proton or a
neutron.
C. An electron gains or loses energy and moves between quantized
energy levels.
D. An atom gains or loses an electron and becomes an ion.
Answers
Answer:
A. An electron gains or loses energy and moves between continuous
energy levels.
Ordered sodium amytal 0.1 gm IM stat Available sodium amytal 200mg/3ml How many mls would you give IM?
Answers
To get a dose of 0.1 gm (100 mg), 1.5 ml of sodium amytal solution must be injected intramuscularly (IM).
What is sodium amytal ?We can use the available concentration and the desired dose.
Given
Available sodium amytal concentration: 200 mg/3 mlDesired dose: 0.1 g (which is equivalent to 100 mg)First, we need to convert the desired dose from grams to milligrams:
0.1 g = 100 mg
Now, we can set up a proportion to find the volume of solution needed:
(100 mg) / (200 mg) = (x ml) / (3 ml)
Cross-multiplying and solving for x:
100 mg * 3 ml = 200 mg * x ml
300 mlmg = 200 mlmg
x ml = (300 ml*mg) / (200 ml)
x ml = 1.5 ml
So, To get a dose of 0.1 gm (100 mg), 1.5 ml of sodium amytal solution must be injected intramuscularly (IM).
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Help would be majorly appreciated
Answers
Answer:
a) the atomic number is 15
b) the mass number is 15+16 = 31
c) element is phosphorus
d)Group 15 period 3
Is the solubility of AgCl(s) greater in distilled water or in tap water where the [Cl−] = 0.010 M? (Ksp = 1.6 x 10-10)
A. The solubility of AgCl(s) is more in distilled water because Q>K.
B. The solubility of AgCl(s) is more in distilled water because Q K.
D. The solubility of AgCl(s) is more in tap water because Q
Answers
The solubility of AgCl(s) is more in tap water because of Q < K.
The solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgCl(s) is \(1.6 x 10^-10\). This means that in a saturated solution of AgCl(s), the product of the concentrations of Ag+ and Cl- ions is equal to Ksp.
In distilled water, the concentration of Cl- ions is negligible, so the ion product (Q) of Ag+ and Cl- ions in a saturated solution of AgCl(s) would be very small. Since Q < Ksp, the system is not at equilibrium and more AgCl(s) can dissolve to reach equilibrium.
In tap water, the concentration of Cl- ions is 0.010 M, which is much higher than in distilled water. Therefore, the ion product (Q) of Ag+ and Cl- ions in a saturated solution of AgCl(s) would be much closer to Ksp. Since Q is closer to Ksp, the system is closer to equilibrium and less AgCl(s) can dissolve.
Therefore, the solubility of AgCl(s) is more in distilled water than in tap water where the [Cl−] = 0.010 M.
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which of the following represents the electron configuration of s⁻?
Answers
Answer:
[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴
Explanation:
What part of the neuron receives input in the form of chemical stimuli?a. axonb. somac. terminal buttonsd. dendrites
Answers
Dendrites is the part of the neuron that receives input in the form of chemical stimuli.
Axons provide synaptic signals to dendrites, and the sum of these signals determines whether the neuron will fire an action potential.
Appendages called dendrites are made to receive signals from neighboring cells. They generate projections that are triggered by other neurons and transmit the electrical charge to the cell body, giving them the appearance of a tree-like structure.
Several other neurons send signals to dendrites, which then transmit those signals to the cell body. A neuron will release an action potential, an electrical impulse that stimulates neighboring neurons, if it has been sufficiently activated. These neurons are arranged in vast networks that interact to produce ideas and actions.
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Sulfanilic acid, which is used in making dyes, is made by reacting aniline with sulfuric acid.
(a) Is aniline a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, or both? Explain, using its possible reactions with HCl, BF 33 or other acid.
(b) Sulfanilic acid has a pKa value of 3.23. The sodium salt of the acid, Na(H2NC6H4SO3), is quite soluble in water. If you dissolve 1.25g of the salt in water to give 125mL of solution, what is the pH of the solution?
Answers
(a) Aniline is a Lewis base.
(b) The pH of the solution would be around 3.23.
A Bronsted-Lowry base is a substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance, called a Bronsted-Lowry acid. A Lewis base is a substance that donates an electron pair to a Lewis acid. Aniline can act as a Lewis base because it has an unshared pair of electrons that can be donated to a Lewis acid.
When aniline reacts with HCl, it acts as a Bronsted-Lowry base, accepting a proton from the HCl to form anilinium ion (C6H5NH3+).
When aniline reacts with BF3, it acts as a Lewis base, donating an electron pair to the Lewis acid BF3 to form a coordination complex.
The pKa value of sulfanilic acid is 3.23, which means that at this pH, half of the sulfanilic acid will be in the protonated form (HSO3-) and half will be in the deprotonated form (SO3^2-).
When the sodium salt of sulfanilic acid is dissolved in water, it splits into sodium ions (Na+) and sulfanilic acid ions (HSO3-).
Since the concentration of sulfanilic acid ions is equal to the concentration of sodium ions (1.25 g / (molecular weight of Na(H2NC6H4SO3))), the pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation:
pH = pKa + log([HSO3-]/[HSO3H])
Since [HSO3-] = [HSO3H], the pH = pKa = 3.23.
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Identify the error in this statement: “If a reaction transfers energy to the surroundings the product molecules must have more energy than the reactants”
Answers
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
A reaction may be exothermic or endothermic. In an exothermic reaction, energy is given out from the reaction system. This means that energy is transferred to the surroundings and the reactants have more energy than the products.
A reaction in which energy is absorbed from the surroundings is called an endothermic reaction. In this case, the products have more energy than the reactants.
So the statement "If a reaction transfers energy to the surroundings the product molecules must have more energy than the reactants” is erroneous. The error in the statement is the part that says "...the product molecules must have more energy than the reactants”. It ought to have read, "the reactants have more energy than the products" in accordance with the explanation above.
A sample of xenon gas at 306 K and 0. 847 atm occupies a volume of 2. 96 L. If the pressure of the gas is decreased, while at the same time it is heated to a higher temperature, the final gas volume O will be smaller than 2. 96 L. O will be larger than 2. 96 L. O could be larger or smaller than 2. 96 L depending on the final pressure and temperature
Answers
The final gas volume, O, could be either larger or smaller than 2.96 L, depending on the final pressure and temperature. While heating the gas to a higher temperature, O could be larger than 2.96 L, but it could also be smaller.
The final gas volume, O, could be either larger or smaller than 2.96 L, depending on the final pressure and temperature. To understand why, we can look at the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT. In this equation, P represents pressure, V represents volume, n represents the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T represents temperature.
Let's analyze the situation given in the question. We have a sample of xenon gas at a temperature of 306 K and a pressure of 0.847 atm, occupying a volume of 2.96 L. Now, if the pressure of the gas is decreased, while at the same time it is heated to a higher temperature, the final gas volume, O, could be either larger or smaller than 2.96 L.
If we decrease the pressure while keeping the temperature constant, according to Boyle's law, the volume of the gas will increase. So, in this case, O would be larger than 2.96 L. However, if we simultaneously increase the temperature while decreasing the pressure, the situation becomes more complex. The combined effect of the pressure decrease and temperature increase could lead to different outcomes for the final volume.
For example, if the pressure decrease is significant and the temperature increase is relatively small, the volume may still increase, resulting in O being larger than 2.96 L. On the other hand, if the pressure decrease is small and the temperature increase is significant, the volume may actually decrease, resulting in O being smaller than 2.96 L.
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Stoichiometry:
2. 100g of CaBr2 were reacted with 100g of MgSO4 yielding solid CaSO4.
CaBr2 + MgSO4 = CaSo4
a) which reactant is in excess?
b) how many g of product are formed?
Answers
Answer:
Iron is reactant in excess.
Explanation:
It would remain is 1.16 mol.
A student reads the statement shown.
"The force of gravity exerted on an object decreases as the distance between the objects increases."
Using this statement, what inference can the student make regarding the movement of the planets around the Sun?
A. The orbital speeds of larger planets will be faster than smaller planets.
B. The orbital speeds of gaseous planets will be faster than rocky planets.
C. The orbital speeds of planets closer to the Sun will be faster than planets farther away.
D. The orbital speeds of planets with smoother surfaces will be faster than planets with rougher surfaces.
Answers
Answer: C. The orbital speeds of planets closer to the Sun will be faster than planets farther away.
Explanation:
Centripetal force = gravitational force
\(\tt m\dfrac{v^2}{r}=Fg\)
\(\tt Fg=G\dfrac{M.m}{r^2}\)
Fg inversely proportional to distances (r)
\(\tt v^2=\dfrac{Fg.r}{m}\)
because the value of the gravitational force is getting smaller as the distance is getting further from the sun, the orbital speed of the planet will be getting smaller
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Answers
Answer:
Full answer in explanation
Explanation:
High Tide - when tides are at their highest elevationLow Tide - when tides are at their lowest elevationSpring Tide - when tides experience the greatest range between high and low; occur at New and Full MoonsNeap Tide - when tides experience the least range between high and low; occur at 1st and 3rd Quarter MoonsGravitational Pull - the invisible force that exists between all objects that have mass. The greater the mass, the greater the effect of the forceTide - the daily change in ocean levels due to the gravitational force of the moon and the sun exerted on EarthHope this helps!
100 cm³ of a gas at 27°C is cooled to 20°C at constant pressure .Calculate the volume of gas at 20°C.
Answers
According to Charle's law, the volume of the given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided that the pressure is constant. Mathemically;
\(\begin{gathered} V\alpha T \\ V=kT \\ k=\frac{V}{T} \\ k=\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2} \end{gathered}\)where;
V1 and V2 are the initial and final volume of the gas
T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the gas (in Kelvin)
Given the following parameters:
\(\begin{gathered} V_1=100\operatorname{cm}^3 \\ T_1=27^0C=27+273=300K \\ T_2=20^0C=20+273=293K \\ V_2=\text{?} \end{gathered}\)Substitute the given parameters into the formula;
\(\begin{gathered} V_2=\frac{V_1T_2}{T_1}^{} \\ V_2=\frac{100\times293}{300} \\ V_2=\frac{29300}{300} \\ V_2=\frac{293}{3} \\ V_2=97.67\operatorname{cm}^3 \end{gathered}\)Therefore the volume of the gas at 20°C is approximately 97.67cm³
when an alkene is subjected to treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh followed by reaction with nabh4, what new class of compound is formed?
Answers
An alcohol is created when an alkene undergoes treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh, followed by a reaction with nabh4.
What are the uses of alkene?
Introduction. One of the most adaptable chemical building blocks, alkenes are essential to numerous synthetic reactions. Alkene reactants are used in hydrofunctionalization processes such olefin hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination, which is a very active area of catalysis.
Alkene vs. alkane: what are they?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they only have one bond between the carbon atoms. Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkynes have one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are the name given to alkenes and alkynes.
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chemoheterotrophs a. use sunlight as an energy source. b. use preformed organic molecules as a carbon source. c. use preformed organic molecules as an energy source. d. use preformed organic molecules as a carbon source and as an energy source.
Answers
Chemoheterotrophs are organisms that use preformed organic molecules as a carbon source and as an energy source. Therefore, the correct answer is option d. use preformed organic molecules as a carbon source and as an energy source.
Chemoheterotrophs obtain both their energy and carbon from organic compounds, which differentiates them from photoheterotrophs (which use light as an energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source) and chemoautotrophs (which use inorganic compounds as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source).
Examples of chemoheterotrophs include animals, fungi, and many bacteria. These organisms break down organic compounds through cellular respiration to obtain the energy and carbon they need to survive.
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When 8.006 g of oxygen reacts with 5.992g of sulfur in excess sodium hydroxide, how much sodium sulfate is produced according to the following equation? 2S(s) + 3O2(g) + 4 NaOH (aq) → 2 Na 2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O (l)
Answers
23.53 g of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) is produced according to the given balanced equation.
What is a balanced equation?
A balanced equation is a chemical equation that shows the chemical reaction between reactants and the resulting products in a way that obeys the law of conservation of mass. It means that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
Calculate the number of moles for each reactant:
Number of moles of O₂ = mass / molar mass = 8.006 g / 32.00 g/mol = 0.2502 mol
Number of moles of S = mass / molar mass = 5.992 g / 32.07 g/mol = 0.1869 mol
To find the limiting reagent, we compare the mole ratio of O₂ to S in the balanced equation.
From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of O₂ to S is 3:2.
The actual mole ratio is (0.2502 mol O₂) / (0.1869 mol S) ≈ 1.338:1
Since the mole ratio is less than the stoichiometric ratio of 3:2, sulfur (S) is the limiting reagent.
Use the limiting reagent to calculate the amount of Na₂SO₄ produced:
From the balanced equation, the stoichiometric ratio of S to Na₂SO₄ is 2:2 or 1:1.
Therefore, the number of moles of Na₂SO₄ produced is equal to the number of moles of S.
Number of moles of Na₂SO₄ = 0.1869 mol
Convert the number of moles of Na₂SO₄ to grams:
Mass of Na₂SO₄ = number of moles × molar mass
Mass of Na₂SO₄ = 0.1869 mol × (2 × 22.99 g/mol + 32.06 g/mol + 4 × 16.00 g/mol)
Mass of Na₂SO₄ ≈ 23.53 g
Therefore, when 8.006 g of oxygen reacts with 5.992 g of sulfur in excess sodium hydroxide, 23.53 g of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) is produced according to the given balanced equation.
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In an Ionic bond a metal gives a valence to a?
Answers
Hi!In an Ionic bond a metal gives a valence to a cation.