84. Predict how many electrons each element will most likely
gain or lose.
(a) I
(b) Ba
(c) Cs
(d) Se

Answer:   Acid/base and precipitation reactions almost always are NOT redox reactions. For redox to have happened, the number of electrons that an element has must change (i.e. its oxidation state must change). ... But the hydrogen ion never "has" any electron throughout the process and remains in a +1 oxidation state.

Explanation:

let me know if that helped...(☞ﾟヮﾟ)☞

Acid-base reaction is not a redox reaction, since the oxidation number remains unchanged in acid-base reaction.  

An acid-base reaction is the chemical reaction that occur when acids and bases react together.

Redox reaction is a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between the atoms, ions, or molecules.

Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of hydrogen ions between reactants. Redox reactions involve a change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements.

Redox reactions involve a change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements.

Acid-base reactions involve a transfer of a hydrogen ion instead of an electron and the transfer of an H+ ion leaves the oxidation numbers unaffected.

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The Cl-C-Cl bond angle in the CCl₂O molecule (with carbon as the central atom) is slightly less than 120 degrees.

The CCl₂O molecule has a trigonal planar geometry around the carbon atom. In a perfect trigonal planar arrangement, the bond angle between the chlorine atoms (Cl-C-Cl) would be exactly 120 degrees. However, due to the presence of the oxygen atom (O) and its lone pairs of electrons, the bond angles are slightly compressed.

The oxygen atom exerts greater electron density and repulsion on the surrounding chlorine atoms, causing the Cl-C-Cl bond angle to be slightly less than 120 degrees. The exact value of the bond angle may vary, but it would typically be in the range of around 115-119 degrees, depending on the specific molecule and its conformation.

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I'm 99% sure it is A Ionic

Answer: It’s B, Polar covalent

Explanation:

Yes, the valence electron theory applies to the compound SO₃.

The valence electron theory is used to explain the chemical bonding between atoms, based on the number of valence electrons in each atom. In SO₃, sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons and each oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons. According to the valence electron theory, atoms tend to form chemical bonds by either sharing electrons or transferring electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons (known as the octet rule).

In SO₃, sulfur and oxygen atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds, which results in the formation of a stable molecule. Specifically, each oxygen atom shares a double bond with sulfur, which allows each oxygen atom to have a full outer shell of electrons.

Therefore, the valence electron theory applies to the compound SO₃, as it helps explain the chemical bonding between sulfur and oxygen atoms in the molecule.

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Several different compounds, including SO3, have chemical bonds and characteristics that may be explained by the valence electron theory. The valence electrons of each atom in a molecule are utilized.

the valence electron theory to forecast the kinds of chemical bonds that will form between the atoms. The outermost electrons of an atom, known as the valence electrons, have a role in chemical bonding. Each oxygen (O) atom contains six valence electrons, and sulfur (S) has six as well. For each oxygen atom in SO3, sulfur produces three double bonds. This implies that each sulfur atom shares two pairs of electrons with each oxygen atom, and vice versa. According to the valence electron hypothesis, the three double bonds between sulfur and oxygen in SO3 result in a trigonal planar geometry.

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Answer:

Explanation:

When an atom loses electron(s) it will lose some of its negative charge and so becomes positively charged. A positive ion is formed where an atom has more protons than electrons. In the opposite case when an atom gains electron(s) it becomes negatively charged (more electrons than protons)

and plzs do not hate

The charge of chromium after losing 4 electrons is +2.

Ions are two or more charged particles that make up ionic compounds. Electrostatic attraction keeps the ions together (in the solid phase) despite their opposing charges. Cations are positively charged ions, whereas anions are negatively charged ions. Many factors make ionic molecules significant.

They act as electrolytes for batteries and conduct electricity when dissolved in water. They could form a strong bond with other charged particles, such as those found in environmental samples or the human body. They find use in fireworks, flares, and lights because they are frequently multicolored when burned. The list is endless!

Studying the nomenclature used to give ionic compounds distinctive names is a good method to become familiar with and exposed to them. You will learn how to properly explain the identification of substances in language by converting from a chemical formula to a name—a highly essential problem as the diversity and complexity of known compounds keeps growing!

Therefore, the charge on chromium after losing 4 electrons is +2.

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Long chain and very long chain fatty acids (FA) require carnitine shuttle system to enter the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation.

This system consists of three primary components: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II). CPT I, located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, converts the long-chain FA into their respective acylcarnitines by attaching a carnitine molecule to them. These acylcarnitines can then be transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by CACT, which is a transport protein. Once inside the matrix, CPT II, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane, detaches the carnitine group and reattaches the original CoA group, generating a long-chain acyl-CoA that is ready for beta-oxidation.

Beta-oxidation is a process that breaks down fatty acids into smaller units called acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) to generate ATP, the energy currency of cells. This process is vital for energy production, especially during times of fasting or prolonged exercise when glucose stores are depleted. Overall, the carnitine shuttle system is essential for the efficient transport and utilization of long chain and very long chain fatty acids for energy production through beta-oxidation.

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Answer:

Ability to form four covalent bonds.

Explanation:

Carbon is the first member of group 14. It is essentially a nonmetal. It is a small atom which regularly exhibits tetra valency. This means that carbon is able to form four covalent bonds to four chemical species which may be the same or different each time. This leaves room for many different possible combination patterns of carbon with other chemical species.

Hence carbon forms a very large number of compounds due to its small size and its ability for form four covalent bonds to other chemical species in any bonding situation.

Answer: the ability to form four covalent bonds

Explanation:

The free energy change (ΔG°) for the reaction of 2.46 moles of H2S(g) at standard conditions and 298K is approximately 252 kJ.G° for this reaction is expected to be less than zero.

The equilibrium constant (Keq) for a reaction is related to the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) through the equation:

ΔG° = -RTln(Keq)

Where:

ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))

T is the temperature in Kelvin (298 K)

ln is the natural logarithm

Given that Keq = 8.47×10^(-37), we can calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) using the equation above:

ΔG° = - (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (298 K) * ln(8.47×10^(-37))

Calculating this value gives us:

ΔG° = - (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (298 K) * (-87.24)

ΔG° ≈ 2.52 × 10^5 J/mol

Converting the units to kilojoules (kJ/mol), we get:

ΔG° ≈ 252 kJ/mol

The free energy change (ΔG°) for the reaction of 2.46 moles of H2S(g) at standard conditions and 298K is approximately 252 kJ. Since the value of ΔG° is positive, it indicates that the reaction is not spontaneous and requires an input of energy to proceed.

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2H5OH, also known as ethanol, is capable of forming hydrogen bonds. The ethanol molecule has a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom. The hydroxyl group can act as an electron donor and form hydrogen bonds with other electron-accepting groups such as nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen atom can also act as an electron acceptor and form hydrogen bonds with electron-donating groups such as nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

In ethanol, the hydroxyl group is capable of forming one hydrogen bond with another molecule. In addition to that, the hydrogen atom on the carbon atom can form a hydrogen bond as well, So in total, C2H5OH can form 2 hydrogen bonds.

Answer:

Listed below

Explanation:

COMPOUND

1. It is a pure substance.

2. It can not be separated by a physical method.

3. Element loses their properties in a compound.

4. Its composition is fixed throughout its mass.

5. It has a fixed melting point.

6.In nature they are homogeneous.

MIXTURE

1. It is an impure substance.

2. It can be separated by a physical method.

3. Substances forming mixture retain their properties.

4. It has no fixed composition.

5. It has no sharp melting point.

6. They can be homogeneous as well as heterogeneous in nature.

Answer : The initial concentration of HI and concentration of HI at equilibrium is, 0.27 M and 0.386 M  respectively.

Solution :  Given,

Initial concentration of H_2 and I_2 = 0.11 M

Concentration of H_2 and I_2 at equilibrium = 0.052 M

Let the initial concentration of HI be, C

The given equilibrium reaction is,

    H_2(g)+I_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2HI(g)

Initially               0.11   0.11            C

At equilibrium  (0.11-x) (0.11-x)   (C+2x)

As we are given that:

Concentration of H_2 and I_2 at equilibrium = 0.052 M  = (0.11-x)

The expression of K_c will be,

K_c=\frac{[HI]^2}{[H_2][I_2]}

54.3=\frac{(C+2(0.058))^2}{(0.052)\times (0.052)}

By solving the terms, we get:

C = 0.27 M

Thus, initial concentration of HI = C = 0.27 M

Thus, the concentration of HI at equilibrium = (C+2x) = 0.27 + 2(0.058) = 0.386 M

Answer:In chemistry, an oxidizing agent (oxidant, oxidizer), or oxidising agent (oxidiser) is a substance that has the ability to oxidize other substances — in other words to accept their electrons.

Explanation:

The phrase which describes an oxidizing agent is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons. Thus option D is correct.

An oxidizing agent is defined as a chemical spices that tends to oxidize other substances that is causes increase in the oxidation state of the substance by making it lose electrons and the oxidizing agent itself gains electrons.

It can be defined as a substance that causes oxidation by being reduced and gaining electrons.

Any substance that oxidizes another substance is referred to as an oxidizer.

Oxidizing agents can be defined as an electron acceptor agents or as an electron transferring substance.

Thus, the phrase which describes an oxidizing agent is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons. Thus option D is correct.

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Your question is incomplete, but probably your complete question was

Which describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction?

A. the substance that is oxidized because it loses electrons

B. the substance that is reduced because it loses electrons

C. the substance that is oxidized because it gains electrons

D. the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons

Answer:

B(v, T) = 2hv^3/c^2 1/hv

Answer:

beryllium phosphate

Explanation:

The name of the ionic compound Be3(PO4)2 B e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 is beryllium phosphate

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The heat transferred when 4.5 grams of Carbon reacts with H2O is approximately 42.38 kJ. Therefore, the correct option is 42 kJ absorbed.

Option B.

Given reaction is as follows: C(s) + H2O(g) + 113 kJ → CO(g) + H2(g)To find the amount of heat transferred when 4.5 grams of Carbon reacts with H2O, we have to first find the amount of moles of Carbon present. The molar mass of Carbon is 12 g/mol. Therefore, the amount of moles of Carbon can be calculated as follows:mass of carbon/molar mass of carbon=4.5 g/12 g/mol=0.375 molNow, to find the amount of heat transferred, we use the equation, q = n∆Hwhere q is the heat transferred, n is the amount of moles of Carbon present, and ∆H is the enthalpy change for the given reaction. ∆H is given in the equation as 113 kJ.To find the sign of ∆H, we look at the reactants and products. In the given reaction, Carbon reacts with H2O to form CO and H2. Since Carbon and H2O are reactants and CO and H2 are products, this reaction is an endothermic reaction. Hence, the value of ∆H is positive.∆H = 113 kJ/molNow, substituting the values in the equation, q = n∆Hq = 0.375 mol × 113 kJ/molq = 42.38 kJ (approx)

Option B.

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Answer:

definite volume

Explanation:

hope this helps!❆

Answer: Im not sure but i think its B

Explanation: Its hard to explain so im

not gonna do it

Taking into account the definition of strong acid, pH and pOH, it is obtained that the correct option is option A) [H₃O⁺]= 5.5×10⁻² M, [OH⁻]= 1.82×10⁻¹³ M, pH= 1.26

It is called strong acid, that acid that dissociates completely in solution at constant temperature and pressure. Under these conditions, the concentration of a strong acid is equal to the concentration of hydrogen ions (Hydronium or H₃O⁺). In other words, a strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates into hydrogen ions and anions in solution.  

Hydrobromic acid HBr is a strong acid, so a concentration of 0.055 M of the acid generates a H₃O⁺ concentration of the same value. This is:

[HBr]= [H₃O⁺]= 0.055 M= 5.5×10⁻² M

On the other hand, pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance. Mathematically it is calculated as the negative logarithm in base 10 of the activity of hydrogen ions:

pH= -log [H₃O⁺]

Being [H₃O⁺]= 5.5×10⁻² M, the pH in this case is:

pH= -log (5.5×10⁻² M)

Solving:

pH= 1.26

Similarly, pOH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of the OH⁻ ions:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

The following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:

pH + pOH= 14

Then, being pH = 1.26, the pOH is calculated by:

1.26 + pOH= 14

pOH= 14 - 1.26

pOH= 12.74

Replacing in the definition of pOH:

12.74= - log [OH⁻]

and solving you get:

[OH⁻]= 1.82×10⁻¹³ M

Finally, the correct option is option A) [H₃O⁺]= 5.5×10⁻² M, [OH⁻]= 1.82×10⁻¹³ M, pH= 1.26

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The ΔHvap of ethyl acetate in the given conditions is 35.08 kJ/mol.

Enthalpy of vaporization:

To find the ΔHvap (enthalpy of vaporization) of ethyl acetate in kJ/mol, you can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which is:

ln(P1/P2) = (ΔHvap/R) * (1/T2 - 1/T1)

Given:
Normal boiling point (T2) = 77°C = 350.15 K (converting to Kelvin by adding 273.15)
Vapor pressure at 20°C (P1) = 73 Torr
Temperature at P1 (T1) = 20°C = 293.15 K (converting to Kelvin)
P2 = 760 Torr (normal atmospheric pressure at boiling point)
R = 8.314 J/(mol*K) (universal gas constant)

First, plug the values into the equation:

ln(73/760) = (ΔHvap/8.314) * (1/350.15 - 1/293.15)

Now, solve for ΔHvap:

ΔHvap = 8.314 * (ln(73/760) / (1/350.15 - 1/293.15))

ΔHvap ≈ 35079 J/mol (rounded to the nearest whole number)

Finally, convert ΔHvap to kJ/mol:

ΔHvap ≈ 35.08 kJ/mol (rounded to two decimal places)

So, the ΔHvap of ethyl acetate is approximately 35.08 kJ/mol.

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A LOAEL is defined as the lowest dose that demonstrates a significant increase in an observable adverse effect. The term LOAEL stands for "Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level."

When testing chemicals and other substances for toxicity, the goal is to determine the concentration or dose at which adverse effects begin to appear. The LOAEL is the lowest dose at which an adverse effect is observed. This value can be used to establish a safe level of exposure to a substance.
To determine the LOAEL, a series of tests are conducted in which different doses of the substance being tested are administered to test animals. The animals are observed for any adverse effects, such as changes in behavior, weight loss, or organ damage. The lowest dose at which an adverse effect is observed is the LOAEL.
It is important to note that the LOAEL is a relative measure of toxicity. It only provides information on the dose at which an adverse effect is first observed and not on the severity of the effect. In addition, the LOAEL may vary depending on the species tested and other factors.
In summary, the LOAEL is the lowest dose at which an observable adverse effect is detected. This value is used to establish a safe level of exposure to a substance.

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The one that best describes the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the Bronsted acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene reaction is Markovnikov orientation with syn-addition. Hence option A.

The preference of E and Y for bonds with carbon atoms an or b is referred to as the Markovnikov orientation. The example below demonstrates how, depending on the reaction conditions, a proton acid HY can add to the -bond of an unsymmetrical alkene with either a Markovnikov or an anti-Markovnikov orientation.

When hydrogen itself forms a double bond with the least-substituted carbon atom in asymmetrical alkenes or alkynes, the Markownikoff or Markovnikov rule determines the orientation of the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides. (or triple bond). So, as conculsion, option A is correct.

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Complete question - which of the following describes correctly about the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the bronsted acid-catalyzed addition of water to an alkene reaction?

Group of answer choices

1. markovnikov orientation with syn-addition

2. markovnikov orientation with anti-addition

3. anti-markovnikov orientation with syn-addition

4. anti-markovnikov orientation with anti-addition

5. markovnikov orientation with both syn- and anti-addition

Answer:

D 8.8

Explanation:

To solve this question you must know that, using the kw equation:

Kw = 1x10⁻¹⁴ = [H⁺] [OH⁻]

-log 1x10⁻¹⁴ = -log ([H⁺] [OH⁻])

14= -log [H⁺] + -log [OH⁻]

As pH = -log[H⁺] and pOH = -log [OH⁻]

we can obtain the equation:

pH = 14 - pOH

As the pOH of the solution is 5.2:

pH = 14 - 5.2

pH = 8.8

Right option is:

Answer: Sunlight

Explanation:

According to Goog|e, "In addition to assisting in the development of heat within the structure, glass in greenhouses assists in the management of light within the greenhouse. The glass allows light to be transmitted from the sun to the plants within the structure, allowing the plants to grow properly."

I hope this helps!

The original concentration of the V³⁺ solution is 0.0432 M.

we are dealing with a complexometric titration, where EDTA forms a complex with the metal ion V³⁺ in the solution.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between EDTA and V³⁺ is;

V³⁺ + EDTA⁴⁻ → [V-EDTA]⁵⁻

From the question, we know that;

Volume of EDTA solution added = 25.0 mL

Concentration of EDTA solution = 0.0430 M

Volume of back-titrant Ga³⁺ solution used = 14.0 mL

Concentration of back-titrant Ga³⁺ solution = 0.0300 M

To determine the original concentration of the V³⁺ solution, we need to use the following equation;

moles of EDTA = moles of Ga³⁺

The moles of EDTA can be calculated as follows;

moles of EDTA = concentration of EDTA x volume of EDTA solution (in liters)

moles of EDTA = 0.0430 M x 0.0250 L

moles of EDTA = 0.00108 mol

The moles of Ga³⁺ can be calculated as follows:

moles of Ga³⁺ = concentration of Ga³⁺ x volume of Ga³⁺ solution (in liters)

moles of Ga³⁺ = 0.0300 M x 0.0140 L

moles of Ga³⁺ = 0.00042 mol

Now, using the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 1 mole of V³⁺ reacts with 1 mole of EDTA to form 1 mole of the [V-EDTA]⁵⁻ complex. Therefore, the moles of V³⁺ in the original solution can be calculated as follows;

moles of V³⁺ = moles of EDTA

moles of V³⁺ = 0.00108 mol

The volume of the original V³⁺ solution is not given, so we cannot directly calculate the original concentration. However, we can use the volume of the final solution (60.0 mL) to calculate the original concentration as follows;

moles of V³⁺ in 60.0 mL = (moles of V³⁺ / volume of EDTA solution) x total volume of final solution

moles of V³⁺ in 60.0 mL = (0.00108 mol / 0.0250 L) x 0.0600 L

moles of V³⁺ in 60.0 mL = 0.00259 mol

Finally, we can calculate the original concentration of the V³⁺ solution as follows:

original concentration of V³⁺ = moles of V³⁺ / volume of V³⁺ solution

original concentration of V³⁺ = 0.00259 mol / (60.0 mL / 1000 mL/L)

original concentration of V³⁺ = 0.0432 M

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The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 2.78 days

Given the initial activity (A₀) is 400,000 Bq, and after two days, the activity (A) is 170,000 Bq.

The decay formula is A = A₀ * (1/2)^(t/T), where A is the final activity, A₀ is the initial activity, t is the time elapsed, and T is the half-life.

We have A = 170,000 Bq, A₀ = 400,000 Bq, and t = 2 days. We need to find the half-life, T.

First, divide A by A₀:
170,000 / 400,000 = 0.425

Next, take the natural logarithm of both sides:
ln(0.425) = ln((1/2)^(2/T))

Now, divide by the natural logarithm of 1/2:
(ln(0.425) / ln(0.5)) = 2/T

Solve for T:
T = 2 / (ln(0.425) / ln(0.5)) ≈ 2.78 days

So, the half-life of the radioactive isotope is approximately 2.78 days.

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The correct matches for changes of state are:

Change of state is the process whereby matter in one physical state is converted to matter in another state by the addition or removal of heat.

The process of change of state are:

Considering the given diagram, the correct matches are:

In conclusion, change of state of matter occurs due to heat changes.

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Answer:

.

Explanation:

.