51) For a plant to initiate chemical responses to herbivory, before it is directly affected by
herbivores, ________.
A) a plant must have already flowered at least once
B) volatile "signal" compounds must be perceived
C) gene-for-gene intraspecific recognition must occur
D) phytoalexins must be released

We would expect approximately 570 newborn babies out of a random population of 1,000 to be homozygous dominant (not carrying the allele) for sickle-cell anemia.

If 6.00% of the newborn babies in a certain African country have sickle-cell anemia, which is a recessive trait, then the frequency of the recessive allele causing sickle-cell anemia (q) can be calculated using the following formula:

q = square root of (0.06)

q = 0.245

Since sickle-cell anemia is a recessive trait, the frequency of the dominant allele (p) can be calculated by subtracting the frequency of the recessive allele (q) from 1:

p = 1 - q

p = 0.755

Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, we can calculate the expected proportion of carriers in the population:

2pq + \(p^{2}\)+ \(q^{2}\)= 1

where:

\(p^{2}\) is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (not carrying the allele)

\(q^{2}\) is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (with sickle-cell anemia)

2pq is the frequency of heterozygous carriers

We know that q = 0.245, so:

2pq = 2(0.755)(0.245) = 0.369

\(p^{2}\)= (0.755)² = 0.570

\(q^{2}\) = (0.245)² = 0.060

Therefore, the expected proportion of individuals who are not carrying the allele (homozygous dominant) is \(p^{2}\) = 0.570.

To find the number of individuals out of 1,000 newborn babies that are expected to be homozygous dominant (not carrying the allele), we can multiply the proportion by the total population:

0.570 x 1,000 = 570

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The energy present in the ecosystem is being conveyed from producers to each level of the ecosystem. Photosynthesis is the process involve in the conversion of the energy from the sun to chemical energy. The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is confines to 4-5 only. Only 10 % of energy is being conveyed from one level to the next. If this will be the case, each level will have a decrease of energy. If a sixth level will be present, there will be not enough energy to provide the species on such level.

Answer is Option 1 - Not enough energy is available to be transferred from the fifth trophic level to the sixth trophic level to support organisms.

The correct genotype of the parents shown in the picture is Rr and Rr (option D).

Genotypes are part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism.

According to this question, the dominant allele for flower color is red (R) while the recessive allele is white (r).

However, when two red colored parents were crossed, three red and one white offsprings were produced. This means that both of the parents carry a recessive allele for white coloration i.e. the parents are heterozygous.

This suggests that the genotype of both parents are Rr (red) and Rr (red) respectively.

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Answer:

These cells will develop into the chorionic sac and the fetal portion of the placenta (the organ of nutrient, waste, and gas exchange between mother and the developing offspring).

Explanation:

The cells that form the outer shell are called trophoblasts (trophe = “to feed” or “to nourish”).

hope this answer is correct ......

Answer:

A

Explanation:

To protect itself and repond quickly to dangerous situation

Here are four criteria that can be used to evaluate the credibility of the data presented in the study conducted for the Trybow chicken company in 2000:

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Answer:

1) Glucose solutions

2) Amount of alcohol

3) Water

4) Yeast

5) Bar chart

Explanation:

1) Independent variable is the variable that is "intentionally altered" by the researcher only and is not affected by any other variable. The Independent variable in the question is the glucose solutions.

2) Dependent variable is the variable that is as a result of the independent variable. The dependent variable in the question is the amount of alcohol.

3) The control treatment that should be given to the control group should be water. The control group is the group in which other groups are usually compared to and are hence given the control treatment.

4) Control variable is the variable that is kept constant throughout the course of an experiment. The control variable in the question is the yeast.

5) The type of graph that will best represent these data is the bar chart. The glucose solution will be on the x-axis while the amount of alcohol produced will be on the y-axis.

Atom can be broken down into three constituents parts namely protons, neutron, and electrons.

Electron is a stable atomic particle that has a negative charge, the flow of electrons through a substance constitutes electricity.

Each of these parts has an associated charge, with protons carrying a positive charge, electrons having a negative charge, and neutrons possessing no net charge.

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The fossil is approximately 44,000 years old.

Carbon-14 dating is a technique used to determine the age of fossils and other organic materials.

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, which means that the amount of carbon-14 in a sample is reduced by half every 5730 years.

If a fossil has a carbon-14 level that is 50% that of living organisms, we can use the half-life formula to determine its age:

\(Age = (t x log(2))/5730\)

Where t is the number of half-lives that have passed since the organism died.

Since the fossil has 50% of the carbon-14 of living organisms, we know that one half-life has passed:

\(0.5 = (1 x log(2))/5730\)

Solving for log(2), we get:

log(2) = 0.693

Now we can calculate the age of the fossil:

Age = (1 x 0.693)/5730

Age = 0.00012097 years

This is equivalent to about 44,000 years. Therefore, the fossil is approximately 44,000 years old.

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When antibodies are involved in an immune response, it's known as a type II hypersensitivity reaction (IgG or IgM) are directed against extracellular matrix antigens and cause cellular death, functional loss, or tissue damage.

When IgG or IgM antibodies bind to an antigen on the surface of a cell, other immune cells and complements attack the antigen, causing the cell to be destroyed. This is known as a type II, or cytotoxic, hypersensitivity reaction. During the transmission of incompatible maternal antibodies to foetal red blood cellular, a condition known as erythroblastosis fetalis, which results in hemolytic anaemia in the foetus, complement-dependent type II hypersensitivity can also happen.

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Answer:

27 Scientists are learning about the subjects they study.

27 Scientists are teaching about the subjects they study.

Explanation:

What else would scientists do?

Answer: C

Explanation:

Hi, the answer to this problem is C.

This is because it is asking for the complementary strand.

Basically, the nucleotide A goes with T, and C goes with G, and both vise versa.

Since this is DNA, A goes with T.

So you would match it up. For the first one, we have C. That means for the first letter of the correct answer, it should be G. Do this until you get through the whole sequence, and eventually, you will get the answer C.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

C. G A A C T T G A C A T

Explanation:

Hope this helps

One environmental drawback of fraction is Air pollution due to the toxic chemicals used during fracking.

Fracking also increases greenhouse gases, and causes earthquakes.

Answer:

No, la evidencia geológica indica que el aumento de oxígeno (O2) durante este período fue producto de un fenómeno conocido como la gran oxidación  

Explanation:

El Proterozoico fue un período geológico que comenzó aproximadamente 2.500 millones de años atrás y finalizó hace aproximadamente 540 millones de años. La Gran Oxidación fue un catástrofe medioambiental que ocurrió aproximadamente 2.400 millones de años atrás, este fenómeno causó la extinción masiva de una importante cantidad de microorganismos anaeróbicos. Si bien el oxígeno comenzó a ser generado como producto de la fotosíntesis antes del Proterozoico, se sabe que los niveles de O2 aumentaron drásticamente debido a la saturación de los sumideros químicos (oxidación de azufre y hierro) y al aumento en el enterramiento del carbono (es decir, debido a procesos abióticos). De este modo, el excedente de oxígeno comenzó a acumularse en la atmósfera, siendo tóxico para aquellas especies anaeróbicas que dominaron durante este período y causando la extinción masiva de estas especies.

Answer:

Its chemical formula is H2O, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. "Water" is the name of the liquid state of H2O at standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

True, ATP is chemical energy that all cells use.

Hope this helps!

Answer: True

Explanation:

ATP is a source of energy for cells

Answer:

Evidence of evolution can be identified through fossil records, testimonial fossils, biography, anatomy, and embryology. An example of a species DNA is the peppered moth, whereby light-colored moths are eaten by birds, unlike the dark colored ones which seem to camouflage on dark backgrounds.  Evolution changes the genetic makeup of a population over time and may happen on a large scale or small scale basis which affects either one of a few genes over a short period.

Answer:

1) similarities

2) descent from a common ancestor

3)A,C,D

Explanation:

doing this now!

Bleeding into the actual brain parenchyma is known as intraparenchymal haemorrhage. Haemorrhage can happen for a wide range of reasons. Hence it is false.  

An intracerebral hematoma is a type of intra-axial bleeding that occurs within the brain itself. A patient must comply with the diagnostic and therapy guidelines. Blood leakage causes a hematoma to form, which presses against the brain's tissue. Growing hematomas can result in progressive loss of consciousness. An accumulation of blood inside the skull is known as an intracranial hematoma. It typically results from a cerebral blood vessel burst. Trauma from a car accident or a fall are other potential causes. Blood may build up in the skull's cavity or in the brain tissue, pressing on the brain.

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Damage to Pulvinar and medial dorsal would not affect output to the primary sensory or motor cortices but would affect output to the association cortices.

What are motor cortices?

The precentral gyrus and anterior paracentral lobule, which are on the medial surface of the brain, are where the major motor cortex, or M1, is situated.

The primary function of the motor cortex is to transmit signals that regulate how the body moves. The central sulcus and a piece of the frontal lobe are both anterior to it. This area is made up of the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area.

Therefore, damage to Pulvinar and medial dorsal would not affect output to the primary sensory or motor cortices but would affect output to the association cortices.

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The given content describes a certain species of dinosaur that laid a large number of eggs but had a high mortality rate among the hatchlings. It further explains that the surviving individuals grew quickly and dispersed rapidly. The question asks which survivorship curve best represents this species of dinosaur, and provides four options:

1. The species was an r-strategist with a type III survivorship curve.

2. The species was a k-strategist with a type II survivorship curve.

3. The species was a km-strategist with a type I survivorship curve.

4. The species was an r-strategist with a type I survivorship curve.

To understand the options, we need to know the concepts of r-strategists, k-strategists, and survivorship curves:

1. R-strategists: R-selected species, or r-strategists, typically produce a large number of offspring but provide minimal parental care. They have high reproductive rates but low survival rates. These species invest less energy in each individual offspring, which can result in a higher mortality rate.

2. K-strategists: K-selected species, or k-strategists, have a smaller number of offspring but provide more parental care. They have lower reproductive rates but higher survival rates. These species invest more energy in each individual offspring, resulting in a lower mortality rate.

3. Survivorship curves: Survivorship curves represent the pattern of survival and mortality within a population over time. They are typically categorized into three types:

  - Type I curve: Represents species that have a high survival rate throughout most of their lifespan, with most individuals dying in old age. These species usually invest a significant amount of energy in each offspring, providing care and protection.

  - Type II curve: Represents species that have a relatively constant mortality rate throughout their lifespan. The survival rate does not change significantly with age. These species exhibit a moderate level of parental care and have a steady decline in survival over time.

  - Type III curve: Represents species that have a high mortality rate early in life but those who survive past a certain age have a relatively high survival rate afterward. These species often produce a large number of offspring but provide minimal parental care.

Based on the given information, the species of dinosaur laid a large number of eggs but had a high mortality rate among the hatchlings. This indicates that the species had a high mortality rate early in life (similar to an r-strategist) but those that survived grew at a rapid pace and dispersed quickly. This behavior aligns with the characteristics of an r-strategist. Therefore, the survivorship curve that best represents this species of dinosaur is an r-strategist with a type III survivorship curve (option 1).

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Answer:

A low concentration to a high concentration till equilibrium is achieved

Explanation:

The teeth, tongue, and glandular organs such the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and salivary glands are the accessory organs of the alimentary canal.

The digestive system performs mechanical processing, digestion, absorption of food, secretion of water, acids, enzymes, buffer, and salt, as well as excretion of waste materials.

Organs that secrete compounds required for food's chemical digestion are known as accessory organs of digestion; nevertheless, food does not actually pass through these organs during digestion.

The active digestion of food and nutrient absorption are the alimentary canal's primary tasks. In contrast, auxiliary organs that secrete enzymes are in charge of the chemical digestion of food.

Organs that secrete compounds required for food's chemical digestion are known as accessory organs of digestion; nevertheless, food does not actually pass through these organs during digestion.

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The initial outcome of decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration would be a. carbon dioxide levels would increase

Photosynthetic organisms, such as green plants and algae, are those that transform light energy into organic molecules using photosynthesis. They are the primary producers in almost all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, generating the basic food source for nearly all animals, including humans. The organisms that undergo cellular respiration, on the other hand, are animals, fungi, and other bacteria that respire organic substances, such as sugars, to acquire energy for their metabolic processes. They are consumers that depend on producers to survive.

Carbon dioxide \((CO_{2} )\) is produced during the respiration process. The more the number of organisms using cellular respiration, the greater the amount of \((CO_{2} )\) they will release into the environment. Because there is no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration, a decrease in photosynthetic organisms would result in an increase in \((CO_{2} )\). This is because there would be fewer producers using \((CO_{2} )\) and more consumers respiring \((CO_{2} )\), resulting in an overall increase in the atmospheric \((CO_{2} )\) concentration.

As a result, decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration would cause carbon dioxide levels to rise. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

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Answer: B) A hurricane warning has been issued in the location.

Explanation:

This happens every time there is a natural disaster such as a hurricane is about to strike an area. Ideally people should be prepared well ahead of time (even if the threat of the disaster is not in view), but unfortunately the majority of the people do things last minute. So that explains why there's a sudden rush for basic supplies such as food, water, gas, etc. People stay closely tuned to the news for any updates on where the storm is going.

Choice A is false because people going on vacation wouldn't be demanding as much non-perishable food items. They would likely go for fast food, restaurant dining, or other perishable kind of food options. The term "perishable" means "it easily spoils". So this means you generally don't hold onto that kind of food for days or weeks or perhaps even months at a time. Canned food is a good example of non-perishable food items since it can last for years depending on certain items.

Choice C is false because there is no known way to prevent a hurricane. We know how they form and where they'll likely end up based on mathematical weather models, but we don't know how to stop them. We also don't know how to change their path either. So that rules out choice D as well.

Answer:

So basically the rows are called periods, and the columns are called groups. The groups show that those elements have similar characteristics. There are also different families such as the noble gases and alkali earth metals. The elements are placed where they are because of the atomic number which is directly equal to the number of protons there are. The atomic mass is the number of both protons and neutrons. Also, even though the number of protons can be equal to the number of electrons, that isn't always the case. It could be an isotope which is basically for when an element or atom isn't neutral. Umm, so, I hope this helped. I know it's very long but if you need anything else just ask!! c:

Answer:

Just as the chloroplasts in plants act as sugar factories for the supply of ordered molecules to the plant, the mitochondria in animals and plants act to produce the ordered ATP molecules as the energy supply for the processes of life. A typical animal cell will have on the order of 1000 to 2000 mitochondria.

Explanation:

The study of a cell is called cell biology.

The correct answer is mitochondria.

The cell is made up of various organelles which perform different functions. For example:-

The mitochondria are also known as the powerhouse of cells due to the production of ATP with the help of oxysome.

These ATP molecules are present and stored in the mitochondria.

Hence, the correct answer is mitochondria.

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Answer:

I don't know

Ask to other

The scenario that was described of the effect of gene u on gene h is an example of recessive epistasis of u over h.

The correct option is C.

This type of epistasis, where one gene masks the expression of another gene, is known as recessive epistasis of u over h.

The fact that pigs with wings are always homozygous at gene u (u1u1) suggests that the presence of this allele is necessary for wing development. In addition, the presence of the homozygous recessive genotype (u2u2) likely results in no wing development.

The fact that allele h4 codes for grey feathers and is dominant over allele h5, which codes for white feathers, suggests that the expression of h determines feather color in pigs with wings. Therefore, the expression of h is dependent on the presence of the u1 allele.

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Answer:

Because a black surface takes in/absorbs more radiation from the sun!!

Explanation:

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