The electromagnetic spectrum consists of various types of electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. Each type of radiation has different wavelengths and frequencies.
When it comes to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by different substances, it depends on the properties of the substance and the type of radiation.
In the case of berry juice, it is likely to absorb visible light and some UV radiation due to the presence of pigments such as anthocyanins. Carbon, on the other hand, is a good absorber of infrared radiation due to its unique molecular structure. Lastly, Tio2 (titanium dioxide) is known for its ability to absorb UV radiation, which makes it a common ingredient in sunscreens and other UV-blocking products. In summary, each layer is expected to absorb different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum based on their unique properties and the type of radiation they interact with.
The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and infrared (IR) light. Each layer absorbs different parts of the spectrum:
a. Berry juice: Berry juice primarily absorbs visible light, especially in the blue and green parts of the spectrum. This is due to the presence of pigments such as anthocyanins that give the juice its characteristic color.
b. Carbon: Carbon absorbs in the UV and IR parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the UV region, it can absorb radiation due to the presence of pi-electrons, while in the IR region, it absorbs radiation due to molecular vibrations.
c. TiO2 (titanium dioxide): TiO2 absorbs UV light, especially in the UV-A and UV-B regions of the spectrum. This is why it is commonly used as an active ingredient in sunscreens to protect the skin from UV radiation.
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Calculate G° for each reaction at 298K using G°f values. (a) MnO2(s) + 2 CO(g) Mn(s) + 2 CO2(g) kJ (b) NH4Cl(s) NH3(g) + HCl(g) kJ (c) H2(g) + I2(s) 2 HI(g) kJ
(a) -408.2 kJ/mol (b) 176.2 kJ/mol (c) -52.1 kJ/mol Using the G°f values, the calculation results in a G° of -52.1 kJ/mol.
(a) The reaction involves the formation of two moles of CO2 and one mole of Mn from one mole of MnO2 and two moles of CO. Using the G°f values, the calculation results in a G° of -408.2 kJ/mol.
(b) The reaction involves the decomposition of one mole of NH4Cl to form one mole of NH3 and one mole of HCl. Using the G°f values, the calculation results in a G° of 176.2 kJ/mol.
(c) The reaction involves the formation of two moles of HI from one mole of H2 and one mole of I2. Using the G°f values, the calculation results in a G° of -52.1 kJ/mol.
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8. Skin cancer is a disease that occurs when skin cells grow in an uncontrolled way. It can be caused by UV
light, which can alter the genetic sequence of skin cells. Which choice below best describes how UV
light might cause skin cancer?
a. UV light changes the genetic code that makes the proteins in the skin cell. The new code
changes the structure and function of these proteins. When the proteins that control cell
growth change in a way that makes them no longer work, cancer is the result.
b. UV light changes the shape of the proteins in the skin cells. These proteins change the
genes in the cell. This makes the cell grow uncontrollably resulting in cancer.
C. UV light makes skin cells grow faster. Overtime, the skin cells adapt to the UV light by
growing faster and faster. Eventually they grow so fast that their growth is no longer
controlled, this results in cancer.
d. None of the above.
Answer:
Explanation:
I think none of the above, because when caused by a UV light it damages the cells. And if enough builds up overtime it causes uncontrollable growth and leads to skin cancer.
Hope that helped? It might be another answer honestly.
11.0 L of hydrogen and 5.52 L of oxygen are exploded together in a reaction tube. What volume of water vapor was formed, at STP?
Answer:
11.0 L
Explanation:
The equation for this reaction is given as;
2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
2 mol of H2 reacts with 1 mol of O2 to form 2 mol of H2O
At STP;
1 mol = 22.4 L
This means;
44.8 L of H2 reacts with 22.4 L of O2 to form 44.8 L of H2O
In this reaction, the limiting reactant is H2 as O2 is in excess.
The relationship between H2 and H2O;
44.8 L = 44.8 L
11.0 L would produce x
Solving for x;
x = 11 * 44.8 / 44.8
x = 11.0 L
at what fluid flow velocities at 20 degree c is the incompressible assumption valid for (a) air; (b) water; (c) benzene; (d) glycerin
The incompressible assumption is valid for a flow when the Reynolds number is low (Re < 2300) for air and other gases. It is valid for water and other liquids when the Reynolds number is low (Re < 2000).
It is valid for glycerin and other oils when the Reynolds number is low (Re < 100).
Incompressible assumption
For a fluid flow to be considered incompressible, the change in density due to changes in pressure or temperature must be negligible. The fluid is considered to be incompressible if the density changes by less than 5% when the pressure or temperature is varied.
For air, the incompressible assumption is valid for flow velocities less than 2000 feet per minute (fpm) at 20 degrees Celsius. For other gases, the incompressible assumption is valid for velocities less than 100 fpm at the same temperature.
For water, the incompressible assumption is valid for flow velocities less than 3 feet per second (fps) at 20 degrees Celsius. For other liquids, the incompressible assumption is valid for velocities less than 1 fps at the same temperature.
For glycerin and other oils, the incompressible assumption is valid for flow velocities less than 0.2 fps at 20 degrees Celsius.
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The following reaction occurs when a burner on a gas stove is lit:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⇄ CO2(g) + 2H20(g)
Evaluate the following statements and select the correct grouping. True statements are marked with a T, and false statements are marked with an F.
The system cannot reach equilibrium because it is not a closed system.
Increasing the concentration of the CH4 will increase the production of CO2 and water.
Increasing the temperature of the flame will increase the production of CO2 and water.
Adding CO2 will increase the volume of methane and oxygen
What kitchen items contain NaHCO3?
Answer:
Things like detergents, powders, drip caps, and deodorizers have NaHCO3 in them.
A household in Abu Dhabi consumes a monthly average electric energy of 3750 kWh. The majority of electricity generation capacity in Abu Dhabi is produced oy natural gas-fuelled power generation plants. If gas turbines consume 0.21 m
3
of equivalent natural gas for every 1kWh of electricity produced. 1. Convert the monthly energy use of the household to m
3
of natural gas equivalent and kg of oil equivalent. [hint: assume the conversion efficiency of natural gas turbine to be 33% ] 2. Assuming the average CO
2
emissions coefficient for gas fired power plants is 400 g/kWh, what is the CO
2
footprint in kilograms of the household in that month?
The answers to the given problem are monthly energy use of household in m3 of natural gas equivalent = 787.5 m³, Monthly energy use of household in kg of oil equivalent = 0.29484627 ktoe, CO2 footprint of household in kg = 1500 kgCO2 (1.5 metric tonnes of CO2).
1) Calculation of monthly energy use in m3 of natural gas equivalent:For every 1 kWh of electricity produced, the gas turbines consume 0.21 m³ of natural gas equivalent.
The consumption of natural gas equivalent can be calculated by multiplying the monthly average electric energy consumption by the quantity of natural gas equivalent that is consumed by gas turbines for every 1 kWh of electricity produced.
So, the monthly consumption of natural gas equivalent will be,
3750 kWh * 0.21 m³/kWh = 787.5 m³ of natural gas equivalent
Calculation of monthly energy use in kg of oil equivalent:
Assuming that natural gas has a calorific value of 55.5 MJ/m³, and that the conversion efficiency of natural gas turbine is 33%, the equivalent energy that will be produced from 1 m³ of natural gas is 55.5 x 0.33 = 18.315 MJ/m³.
In order to calculate the equivalent energy that will be produced from 787.5 m³ of natural gas, we can use the formula:
Equivalent energy = calorific value of natural gas x volume of natural gas x conversion efficiency
So, the equivalent energy that will be produced from 787.5 m³ of natural gas is,
Equivalent energy = 55.5 x 787.5 x 0.33
= 12337.3125 MJ
= 12.337 GJ
So, the monthly consumption of oil equivalent will be:
12.337 GJ / 41.868 = 0.29484627 ktoe (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
2) Calculation of CO2 footprint in kg:
Assuming the average CO2 emissions coefficient for gas fired power plants is 400 g/kWh.
The CO2 footprint in kg can be calculated by multiplying the monthly average electric energy consumption by the CO2 emissions coefficient of gas-fired power plants.
So, the CO2 footprint in kg will be:
3750 kWh x 0.4 kg/kWh = 1500 kgCO2 (i.e., 1.5 metric tonnes of CO2).
Therefore, the answers to the given problem are:
Monthly energy use of household in m3 of natural gas equivalent = 787.5 m³
Monthly energy use of household in kg of oil equivalent = 0.29484627 ktoe
CO2 footprint of household in kg = 1500 kgCO2 (1.5 metric tonnes of CO2).
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The speed of light in a vacuum is 2.998×10^8 m/s .
What is its speed in miles per minute (mi/min)?
Answer:299,800,000
Explain: The speed of light is 3.00x108m/s and in mph is 6.708 x 108.
A reaction that had two compounds as reactants and two compounds as products is most likely a
double-replacement reaction
Indicate whether each of the following compounds will gave an acidic, basic or neutral solution when dissolved in water. Clear All ammonium chloride The pH will be less than 7 sodium hypochlorite The pH will be approximately equal to 7. calcium nitrate The pH will be greater than 7 potassium iodide ammonium nitrate The pH will be less than 7. sodium cyanide The pH will be approximately equal to 7 barium bromide The pH will be greater than 7 ammonium iodide
When dissolved in water, ammonium chloride will give an acidic solution. Similarly, when dissolved in water, ammonium nitrate will give an acidic solution. The pH will be less than 7 when ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate are dissolved in water.
What is pH?
pH is a scale of acidity from 0 to 14. A substance with a pH of less than 7 is acidic, whereas a substance with a pH of more than 7 is alkaline, and a substance with a pH of 7 is neutral. Water has a pH of 7, which is neutral.When dissolved in water, sodium hypochlorite will give a basic solution.
Similarly, when dissolved in water, barium bromide will give a basic solution.
The pH will be greater than 7 when sodium hypochlorite and barium bromide are dissolved in water.
When dissolved in water, potassium iodide will give a neutral solution.
Similarly, when dissolved in water, sodium cyanide will give a neutral solution.
The pH will be approximately equal to 7 when potassium iodide and sodium cyanide are dissolved in water. When dissolved in water, calcium nitrate will give a neutral solution.
The pH will be approximately equal to 7 when calcium nitrate is dissolved in water.
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Oxygen always has an oxidation number of -2 when bonded in a compound.What does the -2 represent?
Oxygen always has an oxidation number of -2 when bonded in a compound. Here -2 represents that oxygen atom has gained two electrons.
The Oxidation Number can be defined as the number that is allocated to elements in a chemical combination. The oxidation number is basically the count of electrons that atoms in a molecule can share, lose or gain while forming chemical bonds with other atoms of a different element.
A positive oxidation number shows loss of electrons, and a negative oxidation number shows gain of electrons.
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77. 1 kilograms. What's The mass in grams
orange juice can be considered as an aqueous solution in which one of the solutes is vitamin C. either any orange juice in which the concentration of vitamin C is 0.00214 mol/La) you drink 250 ml of this orange juice. how much vitamin C did you consume?b) adults are recommended to consume approximately 80mg of vitamin C per day. How much of this orange juice will you need to drink to consume this mass of vitamin C? note that the chemical formula of vitamin C is C6 H8 O6.
Explanation:
a) First, let's find out how many moles are there into 250 mL of orange juice:
0.00214 mol ---- 1000 mL (1L)
x mol ---- 250 mL
1000x = 250 * 0.00214
x = 0.535/1000
x = 5.35 x 10^-4 mol
Now let's transform it to grams. For this, we need to use the molar mass of vitamin C and the following formula: m = n*MM
MM of vitamin C = 176 g/mol
m = 5.35 x 10^-4 * 176
m = 0.09416 g
m = 94.16 mg
Answer a): 94.16 mg of vitamin C
b) Let's transform 80 mg of vitamin C into moles using the formula: n = m/MM
m of vitamin cC = 80 mg = 0.08 g
MM = 176 g/mol
n = 0.08/176
n = 4.54 x 10^-4 moles
Now let's calculate the quantity in mL:
0.00214 mol ---- 1000 mL (1L)
4.54 x 10^-4 moles ---- x mL
0.00214x = 4.54 x 10^-4 * 1000
x = 0.4545/0.00214
x = 212 mL
Answer b): 212 mL
Calculation of the molar mass of C6H8O6:
(6*12)+(8*1)+(6*16) = 176 g/mol
Answer:
Explanation:
a) First, let's find out how many moles are there into 250 mL of orange juice:
0.00214 mol ---- 1000 mL (1L)
x mol ---- 250 mL
1000x = 250 * 0.00214
x = 0.535/1000
x = 5.35 x 10^-4 mol
Now let's transform it to grams. For this, we need to use the molar mass of vitamin C and the following formula: m = n*MM
MM of vitamin C = 176 g/mol
m = 5.35 x 10^-4 * 176
m = 0.09416 g
m = 94.16 mg
Answer a): 94.16 mg of vitamin C
b) Let's transform 80 mg of vitamin C into moles using the formula: n = m/MM
m of vitamin cC = 80 mg = 0.08 g
MM = 176 g/mol
n = 0.08/176
n = 4.54 x 10^-4 moles
Now let's calculate the quantity in mL:
0.00214 mol ---- 1000 mL (1L)
4.54 x 10^-4 moles ---- x mL
0.00214x = 4.54 x 10^-4 * 1000
x = 0.4545/0.00214
x = 212 mL
Answer b): 212 mL
Calculation of the molar mass of C6H8O6:
(6*12)+(8*1)+(6*16) = 176 g/mol
Explanation:
What is the molar mass of sulfur dihydride?
Explanation
To find the molar mass of sulfur dihydride, you will need to find the sum of all the atomic masses making up sulfur dihydride.
sulfur dihydride is H2S.
Atomic mass of H = 1,00784 u
Atomic mass of S = 32,065 u
Molar mass = (1.00784 x 2) + 32,065 = 34.081 g/mol
Answer
34.081 g/mol
unlike the atmosphere today, the atmosphere 3.5 billion years ago did not containa.carbon dioxide.b.nitrogen.c.gases.d.ozone.
Unlike the atmosphere today, the atmosphere 3.5 billion years ago did not contain ozone .
The atmosphere has mostly been composed of nitrogen, hydrogen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide when the earliest basic life started to arise in the oceans upwards of 3.5 billion years ago.
The atmosphere presumably contained carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)), water (\(H_{2}O\)), nitrogen (\(N_{2}\)), and hydrogen before 3.5 billion years ago. The lack of free oxygen would have been the primary characteristic of the early environment.
According to a study, Earth could have been a "Waterworld" lacking a continent 3 billion years ago. A mythical "Waterworld" without even any continents dividing the oceans could well have existed on Earth some 3 billion years ago.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d).
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If 125 grams of KCIO3
decomposes completely,
how many moles of
oxygen gas is produced?
hi can you help me with these questions please
Molecular masses
1. CaCo3 (calcium carbon)
2. C6H12O6 (glucose)
3. Fe2O2 (iron oxide 11)
Avogadro's number
1. A sample of iron is known to contain 2.35 mol of Fe. How many iron atoms are there in the sample?
2. how many molecules are present in 150 grams of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Molar volume
1. What volume will 110g of dichloro (CI2) occupy when under normal conditions? 2. If you have 600g of CO2 gas and knowing that its molecular mass is 44g / mol, find
a) the number of moles
b) the number of molecules
c) the volume it occupies under normal conditions of pressure and temperature.
Answer:
iron oxide11
Explanation:
iron oxide is the chemical compound with formula fe304. it occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite.
what is the formal charge of the central nitrogen atom in the best lewis structure dinitrogen sulfide
The formal charge of the nitrogen atom present at the center in dinitrogen sulfide is +1.
Formal charge:
The formal charge relates the presence of electrons on the atom when it is not present in a molecule and when it present in a molecule.
Lewis structure:
The structural representation of a compound by showing the electrons present around the atom with dots is called the Lewis dot structure.
The three possible Lewis structures of dinitrogen sulfide are shown below.
However, the best Lewis structure among those is first one. The central nitrogen atom is carrying a positive charge while the sulfur atom has a negative charge. The charges on these atoms are most stable thereby making the compound stable.
Therefore, the formal charge on the central nitrogen atom is +1.
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HELP PLZZ i think the answer is either C or D.
Scientists hypothesize Earth’s early atmosphere was a result of outgassing from the interior of the planet. Gravity trapped the gasses (including NH3 and CO2) close to Earth’s surface. Over time, bacteria with the ability to perform photosynthesis changed the composition of the atmosphere. As plants evolved, levels of oxygen continued to increase as the levels of carbon dioxide decreased. The hydrosphere – primarily the ocean – played a major role absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As plants grew on Earth’s surface, they weathered the geosphere producing soil. Microorganisms in the soil allowed for the evolution of land plants which also extended the boundaries for early animal populations.
As outgassing and volcanic eruptions created Earth’s early atmosphere, what two spheres directly affected one another?
A) Biosphere and geosphere
B) Hydrosphere and biosphere
C) Geosphere and atmosphere
D) Atmosphere and hydrosphere
Answer:
hi I believe the answer is (C)
Explanation:
I'm not 100%, sure if (C) is the right answer sorry I just have a feeling that's it (C) and also after I did a little tad bit of research but I'm sorry if it isn't right. ( well I'm going to go to sleep.,. I hope you get a good grade in your assignment:>)
solution: Will give brainliest
ano ang kahulugan ng sekswalidad?
ano ang naakit sa isang tao..at kung ano ang iyong kasarian ay
which of the following has the least carbon atoms/molecules? group of answer choices
a. natural gas
b. gasoline
c. jet fuel
d. asphalt
Among the given options, asphalt has the least number of carbon atoms/molecules.
Asphalt is a dense and solid material composed mainly of large hydrocarbon molecules, primarily made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It contains a high proportion of carbon atoms but does not have as many individual molecules compared to the other options.
On the other hand, natural gas, gasoline, and jet fuel are all fuels derived from petroleum and consist of various hydrocarbon compounds. These fuels typically have a higher number of carbon atoms/molecules compared to asphalt.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. asphalt.
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What is qualitative and quantitative?
Answer:
Quantitative data refers to any information that can be quantified, counted or measured, and given a numerical value. Qualitative data is descriptive in nature, expressed in terms of language rather than numerical values
Explanation:
:)
500 ml of nitrogen and 500 ml of hydrogen are kept together in one vessel at the same constant temperature and pressure. Which of the following is true for their number of molecules?
A. NN2 > NH2
B. NN2 < NH2
C. NN2 = N H2
D. NN2 + NH2 = 1 mole
The number of molecules of nitrogen will be the same as the number of molecules of hydrogen. The correct option is C.
What is Avogadro's law?The law states that different gases of the same volume stored at the same temperature and pressure will contain the same number of molecules.
Going by Avogadro's law, 500 ml of nitrogen and 500 ml of hydrogen kept together in one vessel at the same constant temperature and pressure will have the same number of molecules.
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what is the difference between high and low pressure?
A. there are the same number of particle collisions happening in high and low pressure
B. in low pressure, there are more particle collisions happening then high pressure
C. in high pressure, there are more particle collisions then low pressure
D. pressure is not caused by the collisions of particles
some scientists believe that life on earth began about 3.5 billion years ago. what do they base this belief on?
Because the oldest rocks with fossilized evidence of life on earth are at least 3.5 billion years old, life on earth must have started at least then.
How did life on Earth look like 3 billion years ago?According to a study, Earth may have been a "waterworld" without continents 3 billion years ago. Without any continents to divide the oceans, Earth may have been entirely submerged in water about 3 billion years ago, resembling a "waterworld." The 3.5 billion year old "stromatolites," which are hard structures made by microbes, also contain evidence of their presence. Stromatolites are produced when microbe-made sticky mats trap and organize sediments into layers. Even as the microbes disappear, minerals precipitate inside the layers, forming strong structures.
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What does supersaturated mean?
A.The solvent is holding as much solute as it can
B.The solvent can hold more solute
C.There is more solute than the solvent can hold
Explanation:
There is more solute than the solvent can hold (C).
Produces helium, a safe noble gas
O Fission
O Fusion
Answer:
Nuclear fission power plants have the disadvantage of generating unstable nuclei; some of these are radioactive for millions of years. Fusion on the other hand does not create any long-lived radioactive nuclear waste. A fusion reactor produces helium, which is an inert gas.
which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? group of answer choices polar covalent bonds hydrogen bonds both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds ionic bonds both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
During evaporation, for the water molecules to escape as gas, it needs to break hydrogen bonding between molecules.
Various special properties exhibited by water is due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. When in liquid form, hydrogen bonds are continuously formed and breaks when the molecules moves. Hydrogen bonds breaks as a result of kinetic energy which makes the molecules move in the system. As the temperature is increased kinetic energy increases and these hydrogen bonds are completely broken and escapes as water vapor.
It requires as much heat to break the hydrogen bonds, as much as increasing the temperature. Due to hydrogen bonds water has high specific heat capacity and also high heat of vaporization.
So to vaporize, hydrogen bonds between water molecules must be broken.
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If .680 g/L of a gas is dissolved in water at 5.00 atm of pressure, how much will dissolve (in g/L) at 8.00 atm of pressure.
Density and pressure are directly proportional
\(\\ \rm\Rrightarrow \rho_1P_2=\rho_2P_1\)\(\\ \rm\Rrightarrow 0.680(8)=5\rho_2\)
\(\\ \rm\Rrightarrow 5.44=5\rho_2\)
\(\\ \rm\Rrightarrow \rho_2=1.088g/\ell\)
Answer:
\(1.088\ g/L\)
Explanation:
Step 1: Determine the amount dissolved
\(Density_{\ 1}*Pressure_{\ 2}=Density_{\ 2}*Presure_{\ 1}\)
\(0.680\ g/L*8\ atm=Density_{\ 2}*5\ atm\)
\(\frac{5.44\ g*atm/L}{5\ atm}=\frac{Density_{\ 2}\ *\ 5\ atm}{5\ atm}\)
\(1.088\ g/L=Density_{\ 2}\)
Answer: \(1.088\ g/L\)