3. Design a FM modulator for B = 9.55. a. Calculate the bandwidth for 98% power. b. Show the spectrum identifying the bandwidth.
Answers
The modulation index, we can calculate the bandwidth for 98% power in FM modulation. Additionally, by plotting the power spectral density, we can identify the bandwidth range in the spectrum.
a) Calculating the bandwidth for 98% power in FM modulation:
In frequency modulation (FM), the modulation index (β) represents the extent to which the carrier frequency varies with the modulating signal. The bandwidth (B) of an FM signal is determined by the modulation index and can be calculated using the Carson's rule:
B = 2(β + 1) Δf
Where Δf is the frequency deviation.
Given:
β = 9.55
To calculate the bandwidth for 98% power, we need to find the frequency deviation (Δf) corresponding to 98% power.
According to Carson's rule, for 98% power, the bandwidth extends to the frequency deviation where the power drops to 1% (0.01) of the carrier power.
Using the formula:
0.01 = 2(β + 1) Δf / B
Substituting the given modulation index (β = 9.55):
0.01 = 2(9.55 + 1) Δf / B
Simplifying the equation, we find:
Δf = (0.01 * B) / (2(β + 1))
Now, we can calculate the bandwidth by substituting the modulation index (β = 9.55) and the given value of B.
b) Showing the spectrum identifying the bandwidth:
To show the spectrum and identify the bandwidth, we need to plot the power spectral density (PSD) of the FM signal. The PSD represents the distribution of power across different frequencies in the spectrum.
Since we have the bandwidth calculated in part a, we can plot the PSD from -B to B, where B is the bandwidth. The spectrum will be centered around the carrier frequency.
In the plot, the bandwidth can be identified by the frequency range over which the power remains significant. It will extend from -B to B on the frequency axis.
Please note that I am unable to provide the actual spectrum plot here as it requires graphical representation. However, you can use software tools like MATLAB or Python with appropriate libraries to generate the spectrum plot and identify the bandwidth visually.
In summary, by using Carson's rule and the given modulation index, we can calculate the bandwidth for 98% power in FM modulation. Additionally, by plotting the power spectral density, we can identify the bandwidth range in the spectrum.
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Related Questions
When driving a commercial motor vehicle safely, it is recommended that you leave at
least one second between your vehicle and the vehicle you are following for each
feet of your vehicle's length.
Answers
Answer:
If you are driving below 40 mph, you should leave at least one second for every 10 feet of vehicle length.
Leather palm gloves can protect your hands from what hazards
Answers
Answer:
They protect the entire hand from abrasion and punctures, and are a dependable, comfortable glove for a wide variety of jobs. Drivers' gloves are available in various types of leathers and can be unlined or lined for cold weather. Leather palm gloves provide maximum protection against abrasive and puncture hazards.
Gloves with leather palms offer the best defense against abrasive and puncture risks. They have leather palms and fingers and are constructed of dependable cotton or canvas.
What is abrasive?Abrasive is defined as a substance, sometimes a mineral, used to shape or polish a product by rubbing, which causes some of the workpiece to be removed due to friction. Abrasives are a particular kind of extremely hard material that are utilized in a variety of residential, industrial, and technological applications. A portion of the work piece is worn away when the abrasive is rubbed against it.
These leather gloves each offer particular levels of comfort, protection, and durability. Some of these leather gloves are suitable for use by those handling dangerous chemicals and sparks. Some can provide cut protection to an extreme degree. For workers who handle heat and water, certain types of leather gloves are recommended.
Thus, gloves with leather palms offer the best defense against abrasive and puncture risks. They have leather palms and fingers and are constructed of dependable cotton or canvas.
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What is "Engineering"?
Answers
under which of the following conditions is the oil cooler flow control valve open on a reciprocating engine? group of answer choices when the temperature of the oil returning from the engine is too high. when the temperature of the oil returning from the engine is too low. when the scavenger pump output volume exceeds the engine pump input volume.
Answers
The oil cooler flow control valve in a reciprocating engine is open under the following condition: when the temperature of the oil returning from the engine is too high.
An oil cooler is a mechanical device that cools engine oil by allowing the oil to circulate through a series of fins that dissipate heat from the oil. The oil cooler, also known as the heat exchanger, is used to decrease the oil temperature in the engine lubrication system.Why are oil coolers used?An oil cooler is essential in modern engines because it maintains the oil at a consistent temperature and extends the life of engine parts that depend on lubrication. It also improves engine performance and fuel economy.
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Consider the following chain-reaction mechanism for the high-temperatureformation of nitric oxide, i.e., the Zeldovich mechanism:
O + N2------ NO + N Reaction 1
N + O2------ NO + O Reaction 2
A. Write out expressions for d[NO] / dt and d[N] / dt.
B. Assuming N atoms exist in steady state and that the concentrations of O, O2, and N2 are at their equilibrium values for a specified temperature and composition, simplify your expression obtainedabove for d[NO] / dt for the case of negligible reverse reactions.(Answer: d[NO]/d 2 [O] [N ] . 1 2 t k f eq eq = )
C. Write out the expression for the steady-state N-atom concentrationused in part B.
D. For the conditions given below and using the assumptions of part B,how long does it take to form 50 ppm (mole fraction â 106) of NO?
T = 2100 K,
rho = 0.167 kg/m
MW = 28.778 kg/ kmol,
Xo,eq = 7.6.10 (mole fraction),
Xo2,eq = 3.025.10^-3 (mole fraction),
Xn2,eq = 0.726 (mole fraction),
k1f = 1.82.10^14 exp[-38,370/T(K)] with units of cm/gmo
Calculate the value of the reverse reaction rate coeffi cient for the fi rstreaction, i.e., O +â + N NO 2 N, for a temperature of 2100 K.F. For your computations in part D, how good is the assumption thatreverse reactions are negligible? Be quantitative.G. For the conditions of part D, determine numerical values for [N] and ÏN.(Note: k2 f = 1.8 â 1010 T exp(â4680 / T) with units of cm3/ gmol-s.)
Answers
Answer is in the photo. I can only upload it to a file hosting service. link below!
linkcutter.ga/gyko
Address Bus 11. What Is The Last Address In A SRAM Chip With Pins AO - A15 And DO - D7 (15 Points) E.G. 2CD4H Enter Your
Answers
The Last Address In A SRAM Chip With Pins AO - A15 And DO - D7 (15 Points) E.G. 2CD4H: Ao-A15 represent the address lines and Do-D7 represent the Data lines.
Ao-A15 represent the address lines and Do-D7 represent the Data lines.
Number of address lines=16 bits.
For last address in SRAM all 16 bits are 1's.
Last address=1111111111111111.
In hexa-decimal it is FFFF.
Thus, the Last Address In A SRAM Chip With Pins AO - A15 And DO - D7 (15 Points) E.G. 2CD4H: Ao-A15 represent the address lines and Do-D7 represent the Data lines.
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Consider a unity feedback system with G(s) = K (s+1)/(s^2+4s+ 9). Find the angle of departure of the root locus from the complex pole containing the positive imaginary part. Find the entry point for the root locus as it enters the real axis. Angle range is -pi to +pi with negative angles measured clockwise from the positive real axis. Sketch the root locus accurately.
Answers
The root locus for the given unity feedback system starts at the open-loop pole at s=-1 and ends at the open-loop zero at s=-1/3.
What is the description of the root locus for a unity feedback system with G(s) = K (s+1)/(s^2+4s+ 9)?The angle of departure of the root locus from the complex pole containing the positive imaginary part is 75.52 degrees.
The entry point for the root locus as it enters the real axis is -1.71. To sketch the root locus, first find the breakaway and break-in points, which are at s=-2 and s=-2±2j, respectively.
Then plot the asymptotes, which intersect at -1. The root locus starts at the open-loop pole at s=-1 and ends at the open-loop zero at s=-1/3. It approaches the complex conjugate poles asymptotically from the real axis, and crosses the imaginary axis at the point where the angle of departure is equal to the angle of arrival.
The root locus is symmetric about the real axis and does not cross it since there are no open-loop poles or zeros in the right half of the s-plane.
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3
Current is measured in units called
Answers
Answer:
current is measured in Ampere (A)
Answer:
Ampere (A)
Explanation:
The ampere is defined so the elementary charge e is 1.602 176 634 × 10−19 C or A•s.
Hope this helps <3
4 two balanced three-phase loads that are connected in parallel are fed by a three-phase line having a series impedance of (0.4 1 j2.7) ω per phase. one of the loads absorbs 560 kva at 0.707 power factor lagging, and the other 132 kw at unity power factor. the line-to-line voltage at the load end of the line is 2200 ï3 v. compute (a) the line-to-line voltage at the source end of the line, (b) the total real and reactive power losses in the three-phase line, and (c) the total three-phase real and reactive power supplied at the sending end of the line. check that the total three-phase complex power delivered by the source equals the total three-phase complex power absorbed by the line and loads
Answers
The line to line voltage is 4160. The real power loss is 12 Kva , the reactive power loss is 81 Kvar. The total real power supplies is 540 kVa. The total reactive power supplied at the end of line is (540 + 477j)
a. How to solve for the line to line voltageThe first calculation is the per phase line to node voltage.
= 2200√3 / √3
= 2200 V
Next is three-phase complex power absorbed by load 1
560 x 10³ ∠cos-1(0.707)
= 560 x 10³∠45
Then we would have
(396 + j396)kva
We have S2 = 132kva
next is the total complex load calculation
(396 + j396 + 132)kva
= 528 + j396 kva
= 660 ∠36.87 degrees kva
total current that is in the line
= 660 x 10³ ∠-36.87 / 3 x 2200
= 100 ∠ -36.87 degrees kva
Using the voltage law of Kirchoff
E1 = E2 + ZLI
= (2200 + 0.4 + j2.7)100 ∠ -36.87
= 2200 ∠0 + (2.73 ∠ 81.57)(100 ∠ -36.87)
=2401∠4.5 degrees
√3 x 2401
= 4160
b. Total real and reactive loss
= 3 x (.4 + 2.7j)(100 x100)
= 30x10^3)(.4 + 2.7j)
= 12 + 81 j
find the real power loss
p = 12 kw
total power loss is 12 kw
The reactive power loss is 81 Kvar
c. total 3 phase power
2401.7∠4.58 and 100∠36.87
= 3(2401.7∠4.58 x 100∠36.87)
= (540 + 477j)
the total real power is 540 kW
The total complex power of load and line
(396 + j396)kva + 132 + (12 + 81j)
= (540 + 477j)
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Compute the area and circumference of a circle given the radius r if the radius is greater than or equal to 1.0; otherwise, you should compute only the circumference. Repeat the algorithm as much as the user wants.
Answers
In this question we shall present the algorithm in pseudocode, whose structure is now summarized:
1) Inputs.
2) Algorithms.
3) Outputs.
Please notice that While-cycles consider the requirement of using the algorithm as many times as user wants.
Name: Area-or-Circunference
CHAR - decide
REAL - radius, circumference, area
Say "Do you want to calculate? [Y] - Yes/[N] - No";
Write decide;
While (decide != 'Y' and decide != 'y' and decide != 'N' and decide != 'n'):
Say "Invalid option. Do you want to calculate? [Y] - Yes/[N] - No";
Write decide;
end-While
While (decide = 'Y' or decide = 'y'):
Say "Please indicate a radius";
While (radius < 0):
Say "Radius must be equal or greater than 0. Please indicate a
radius";
Write radius;
end-While
If (radius < 1):
circumference = 2*3.14*radius;
Say "The circumference has a value of %circumference length units";
Else:
circumference = 2*3.14*radius;
area = 3.14*radius*radius;
Say "The circumference has a value of %circumference length units
and the area has a value of %area square units";
end-If
Say "Do you want to calculate? [Y] - Yes/[N] - No";
Write decide;
While (decide != 'Y' and decide != 'y' and decide != 'N' and decide !=
'n'):
Say "Invalid option. Do you want to calculate? [Y] - Yes/[N] - No";
Write decide;
end-While
end-While
If (decide = 'N' or decide = 'n'):
Say "Good luck";
end-If
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QUESTION 1
A 125 mm diameter and 210 mm high clay specimen has a moist mass of 5184g.
When it is dried, the mass becomes 4631 g. Find the degree of saturation in the
specimen,
assuming the specific gravity of the soil grains is 2.70.
(8)
[8 marks]
Answers
Explanation:
To find the degree of saturation of the clay specimen, we need to first calculate its volume and its dry mass.
The volume of the clay specimen can be calculated using its dimensions:
Volume = π/4 x diameter^2 x height
= π/4 x (125 mm)^2 x 210 mm
= 1640625 mm^3
= 1640.625 cm^3
Next, we can calculate the dry mass of the clay specimen:
Dry mass = Moist mass - Water mass
= 5184 g - 4631 g
= 553 g
About college level
Which class is easier english 103 or 102, which class do u suggest me?
Answers
A two-dimensional flow field described by
V = (2x^2y + x)1 + (2xy^2 + y + 1 )j
where the velocity is in m/s when x and y are in meters. Determine the angular rotation of a fluid element located at x 0.5 m, y 1.0 m.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
We now focus on purely two-dimensional flows, in which the velocity takes the form u(x, y, t) = u(x, y, t)i + v(x, y, t)j. (2.1) With the velocity given by (2.1), the vorticity takes the form ω = ∇ × u = ∂v ∂x − ∂u ∂y k. (2.2) We assume throughout that the flow is irrotational, i.e. that ∇ × u ≡ 0 and hence ∂v ∂x − ∂u ∂y = 0. (2.3) We have already shown in Section 1 that this condition implies the existence of a velocity potential φ such that u ≡ ∇φ, that is u = ∂φ ∂x, v = ∂φ ∂y . (2.4) We also recall the definition of φ as φ(x, y, t) = φ0(t) + Z x 0 u · dx = φ0(t) + Z x 0 (u dx + v dy), (2.5) where the scalar function φ0(t) is arbitrary, and the value of φ(x, y, t) is independent of the integration path chosen to join the origin 0 to the point x = (x, y). This fact is even easier to establish when we restrict our attention to two dimensions. If we consider two alternative paths, whose union forms a simple closed contour C in the (x, y)-plane, Green’s Theorem implies thatSelect the correct answer.
Dr. Ronny wants to measure small distances. Which device should he use?
OA.
altimeter
OB.
laser micrometer
piezoelectric gauge
OD.
thermometer
O E.
dialyzer
Answers
Answer:
Lazermicrometer 100%
Explanation:
Answer:
laser micrometer
Explanation:
The process of designing green buildings is called Design
Answers
Explanation:
Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used. ... The essence of green building is an optimization of one or more of these principles.
Two technicians are explaining what exhaust gas emissions tell you about engine operation. Technician A says that the higher the level of CO2 in the exhaust stream, the more efficiently the engine is operating. Technician B says that CO2 levels of 20 to 25 percent are considered acceptable. Who is correct?
A. Both Technicians A and B
B. Neither Technicians A and B
C. Technician A
D. Technician B
Answers
Technicians A is correct in the given scenario. The correct option is C.
What is exhaust gas?Exhaust gas is a byproduct of combustion that exits the tailpipe of an internal combustion engine.
It consists of a gas mixture that includes carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM).
Technician B is mistaken. CO2 levels in the exhaust should be less than 15%, preferably between 13% and 14.5% for petrol engines and 11% to 13% for diesel engines.
High CO2 levels can actually indicate inefficient engine operation, as it means that not all of the fuel in the engine is being burned and is being wasted as exhaust.
Thus, C is the correct answer. A technician is correct.
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Find: factor of safety (n)for point A and B by using both MSS and DE (you can neglect shear stress due to shear force and also neglect stress concentration)
Answers
Answer:
Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
Answer : Factor of safety for point A :
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.22
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.27
Factor of safety for point B
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.04
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.604
Explanation:
Factor of safety for point A :
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.22
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.27
Factor of safety for point B
i) using MSS
(Fos)MSS = 3.04
ii) using DE
(Fos)DE = 3.604
Attached below is the detailed solution
Most slide layouts include at least one ________ by default.answer choicesaction buttonplaceholdertransitionanimation
Answers
Most slide layouts include at least one Transition by default.
Hence, option C is correct answer.
What are the common elements of slide layouts?
All of the content that appears on a slide is formatted, positioned, and placed in placeholder boxes using slide layouts. On slide layouts, placeholders are the dotted-line containers that contain the titles, body text, tables, charts, SmartArt visuals, photos, clip art, movies, and sounds, among other contents.
There will be a new slide layout. The default layout will have placeholders for the title and footer. Toggle these placeholders on and off by selecting the Title and Footers boxes in the Master Layout group. The slide layout can now include backdrop graphics, forms, and images. The majority of slide templates have at least one area where you may type text or insert graphics.
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Correct Question:
Most slide layouts include at least one ________ by default.
(A) action button
(B) placeholder
(C) transition
(D) animation
THE MASS FOR OBJECT 1 is 107.01 grams what is the objects force in Newton’s answer please
Answers
Given that,
Mass of the object 1, m = 107.01 grams
To find,
Force on the object.
Solution,
The force acting on the object is gravitational force. The force is given by the formula as follow :
F = mg
g is acceleration due to gravity
F = 0.10701 kg × 9.8 m/s²
F = 1.048 N
So, the force acting on object 1 is 1.048 N.
A construction manager is looking for workers to build a series of walkways within a large garden apartment project. What type of
workmen should the manager employ?
Answers
Answer:
Casual workers
Explanation:
Casual workers are workers on a short-term employment contract that unlike non-permanent workers have restricted entitlement to benefits, little employment security, with the primary distinction of there being a lack of a stable connection or relationship between them and their employers for the to be referred to as employees.
If the two 304-stainless-steel carriage bolts of the clamp each have a diameter of 10 mmmm, and they hold the cylinder snug with negligible force against the rigid jaws, determine the temperature at which the average normal stress in either the magnesium or the steel first becomes 12.0 MPaMPa .
Answers
Answer: hello some data related to your question is missing attached below is the missing data
answer:
T2 = 265°C
Explanation:
First step : calculate sum of vertical forces
∑ y = 0
Fmg - 2(0.5 Fst ) = 0
∴Fmg = ( 12 * 10^6 ) ( 2 * π/4 (0.01)^2 )
= 1884.96 N
Also determine the Compatibility equation in order to determine the change in Temperature
ΔT = 250°C
therefore Temperature at which average normal stress becomes 12.0 MPa
ΔT = T2 - T1
250°C = T2 - 15°C
T2 = 250 + 15 = 265°C
attached below is the detailed solution
c) Three AC voltages are as follows:
e1 = 80 sin ωt volts;
e2 = 60 sin (ωt + π/2) volts;
e3 = 100 sin (ωt – π/3) volts.
Find the resultant e of these three voltages and express it in the form
Em sin (ωt ± φ). [5 MARKS]
When this resultant voltage is applied to a circuit consisting of a 10-Ω resistor and a capacitance of 17.3 Ω reactance connected in series, find an expression for the instantaneous value of the current flowing, expressed in the same form. [4 MARKS]
Answers
Answer:
E = 132.69 sin(ωt -11.56)
i(t) = 6.64 sin (ωt +48.44) A
Explanation:
given data
e1 = 80 sin ωt volts 80 < 0
e2 = 60 sin (ωt + π/2) volts 60 < 90
e3 = 100 sin (ωt – π/3) volts 100 < -60
solution
resultant will be = e2 + e2 + e3
E = 80 < 0 + 60 < 90 + 100 < -60
\(\bar E\) = 80 + j60 + 50 - j50\(\sqrt{3}\)
\(\bar E\) = 130 + (-j26.60)
\(\bar E\) = 132.69 that is less than -11.56
so
E = 132.69 sin(ωt -11.56)
and
as we have given the impedance
z = (10-j17.3)Ω
z = 19.982 < -60
and
i(t) = \(\frac{132.69}{19.982}\) sin(ωt -11.56 + 60)
i(t) = 6.64 sin (ωt +48.44) A
What is the link between fossil fuel use and flowers blooming earlier in the spring season
Answers
Answer:
a warmer earth due to fossil fuel emissions has milder winters and earlier springs
Explanation:
fossil fuels cause global warming which would make the winters less cold and spring and summer hotter.
4. Employees are not responsible for thelr own safety whlle at work.
A) O True
B) O False
Answers
The statement "Employees are not responsible for their own safety while at work" is false because Employees most certainly are responsible.
What is Occupational safety?A multidisciplinary discipline dealing with the safety, health, and welfare of individuals at work is known as occupational safety and health, often known as occupational health and safety, occupational health, or occupational safety.
An environment that is safe and healthy for workers may minimize injury and sickness expenses, lower levels of absenteeism, boost output and quality, and improve employee morale. In other words, safety benefits the business.
Thus, the statement "Employees are not responsible for their own safety while at work" is false because Employees most certainly are responsible.
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Consider the table: a) Build a decision tree for the training set given above. It's urgent help plz
Answers
Explanation:
umm can you explain me what i have to answer
Suppose that 42\%42%42, percent of students of a high school play video games at least once a month. The computer programming club takes an SRS of 303030 students from the population of 792792792 students at the school and finds that 40\%40%40, percent of students sampled play video games at least once a month. The club plans to take more samples like this. Let \hat p p ^ p, with, hat, on top represent the proportion of a sample of 303030 students who play video games at least once a month. What are the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of \hat p p ^ p, with, hat, on top? Choose 1 answer: Choose 1 answer: (Choice A) A \begin{aligned} \mu_{\hat p}&=0.42 \\\\ \sigma_{\hat p}&=\sqrt{\dfrac{0.42\left(0.58\right)}{30}} \end{aligned} μ p ^ σ p ^ =0.42 = 30 0.42(0.58) (Choice B) B \begin{aligned} \mu_{\hat p}&=(30)(0.42) \\\\ \sigma_{\hat p}&=\sqrt{30(0.42)(0.58)} \end{aligned} μ p ^ σ p ^ =(30)(0.42) = 30(0.42)(0.58) (Choice C) C \begin{aligned} \mu_{\hat p}&=(30)(0.4) \\\\ \sigma_{\hat p}&=\sqrt{30(0.4)(0.6)} \end{aligned} μ p ^ σ p ^ =(30)(0.4) = 30(0.4)(0.6) (Choice D) D \begin{aligned} \mu_{\hat p}&=0.4 \\\\ \sigma_{\hat p}&=\sqrt{\dfrac{0.4\left(0.6\right)}{30}} \end{aligned} μ p ^ σ p ^ =0.4 = 30 0.4(0.6)
Answers
Answer:
its A, first choice on khan
Explanation:
Mention any four thermodynamic properties.
Answers
Answer:
They are pressure, temperature, volume, entropy, internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs function and Helmholtz functions
Is the flow of power reversible in a worm and wheel gear
Answers
The flow of power cannot be reversed since the slider could not move the worm gears. Since the input has one continuous tooth and the output has not teeth there is no gear ratio and no change in torque and speed.
A contractor is planning on including several skylights in each unit of a residential development. What type of worker would she hire for this project?
Answers
Answer:
Glazier
Explanation:
Glaziers are workers who specializes in cutting and installation of glass works.
They work with glass in various surfaces and settings, such as cutting and installing windows and doors, skylights, storefronts, display cases, mirrors, facades, interior walls, etc.
Thus, the type of worker the contractor will hire for this project is a Glazier
8.28 Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat. Steam enters the first-stage turbine at 1400 lbf/in.2 and 10008F, expands to a pressure of 350 lbf/in.2, and is reheated to 9008F before entering the secondstage turbine. The condenser pressure is 2 lbf/in.2 The net power output of the cycle is 1 3 109 Btu/h. Determine for the cycle (a) the mass flow rate of steam, in lb/h. (b) the rate of heat transfer, in Btu/h, to the working fluid passing through the steam generator. (c) the rate of heat transfer, in Btu/h, to the working fluid passing through the reheater. (d) the thermal efficiency.
Answers
Answer:
Betbtybrbytntrnyrnrynunjhjhnthnnhtnnthnhtnnhnhrnntnthhnhnhtnthn
Explanation: