22. Topographical anatomy: Two views (A and B) of the intact heart in situ in the thorax of a cow are shown. Name the structure highlighted by the arrows 1 & 2, and state
which view of the thorax images A and B are showing.

The reticular activating system's main function is regulating transition between arousal and sleep−wakeness.

The reticular activating system (RAS) is a bundle of nerves located in the brain and  it is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.

 It  is also involve in filtration of noise with processing of messages or make it slower during  sleep, it alters the  brain's electrical activity,  electrical voltage of brain waves and the speed.

The primary function of RAS is higher at brain centres when important messages are received and filter the important messages, for example The eye sends messages to the brain through the optic nerve.

If the RAS system is damaged, it can cause sleep problems, lethargy, or coma, also play a role in narcolepsy and degenerative brain disorders like Parkinson's disease and supranuclear palsy

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Answer:

The USA

UK

Spain

Japan

Saudi Arabia

Answer:

Option B.

Disappearance of nuclear memberane.

Explanation:

This is because Prophase is marks the beginning of mitosis, and it is the process where replicated genetic contents are separated into daughter cells. During prophase, ttgere is condensation of chromatin. The chromatin coils and it become compact, which lead to the formation o chromosomes that are visible. The sister chromatids are joined together at the centromere. The mitotic spindle begins to form. The mitotic spindle is consist of long proteins called microtubules that firms at opposite end. The spindle separate the two sister chromatids.

Answer:Look at it under a microscope and look for cells

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

due to all the other questions come naturally that stresses the ecosytem

Answer:

Explanation:

the picture is not given ty

Careful analysis of many types of organisms suggests that the amazingly complex camera-like eyes of vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs (octopuses and squids) formed through gradual refinement that occurred in both molluscs and vertebrates lineage to produce camera like structure in both molluscs and vertebrates.

The modern style of camera style eye of the vertebrate have evolved roughly 500 million years ago. The basic pattern of eyes are same in all vertebrates which is spherical structure fitted with cornea for passing light. It is complex structure consisting of retina, iris, ciliary body, optic nerves, etc.

Cephalopods are active marine predators which also have camera type structure which is very complex.

The similar eye structure in vertebrates and cephalopods are convergent in structure.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Lactose is the only sugar that cannot be extracted from plants. It can only be found in milk, including human breast milk, and in some dairy products.

The ecological footprint has a significant and long-term effect on the environment and sustainability. It measures the impact of human activities on natural resources and ecosystems.

A large ecological footprint signifies high resource consumption, which can lead to resource depletion, habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and environmental degradation.

It also contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbates social and economic inequalities. To achieve long-term sustainability, it is important to reduce our ecological footprint by adopting sustainable practices, promoting renewable energy, conserving resources, and practicing responsible consumption. By doing so, we can protect the environment, mitigate climate change, and ensure a better future for generations to come.

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Answer:

B. The color of the surroundings changed.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided, the most likely explanation for the change in the coloration of the insects over time is that the color of the surroundings changed. The data in the graph shows that the number of insects with lighter coloration increased between the first and second observations, which suggests that the insects may have adapted to better blend in with their surroundings. This could be due to a change in the color of the environment, such as an increase in the amount of light or a change in the predominant colors in the area. Option B, "The color of the surroundings changed," is therefore the most likely explanation for the observed change in the insects' coloration.

The US has aproximately 1.2 million people living with HIV in the country, being 240,000 not knowing they are infected. Therefore, the amount of Americans that don't know they are HIV positive is nearly 1 in 5 people (1/5).

Answer:

the answer is d, nucleic acids arranged in a double helix

Answer:

option D

Explanation:

The Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) involves three main steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension.

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has changed biotechnology by allowing scientists to study DNA more easily and quickly than ever before.

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA repeatedly. PCR can be used to create copies of genetic material from a variety of sources, including forensic samples, pathogen detection, ancient DNA studies, and genetic testing. It can also be used to make products for gene therapy and synthetic biology.

PCR involves three main steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension.

During the first step of PCR, denaturation, the double-stranded DNA template is separated into two single strands by heating it to 94-96°C for 15-30 seconds.

In the next step, annealing, the temperature is lowered to 50-60°C to enable the primers to bind to their complementary sequences on the single-stranded template DNA.

Finally, during extension, the temperature is raised to 72°C, and the Taq polymerase enzyme extends the primers by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of each primer. The extension temperature is usually maintained for 1-2 minutes, depending on the length of the target DNA sequence.

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has changed biotechnology by allowing scientists to study DNA more easily and quickly than ever before. PCR is a quick and easy way to amplify DNA fragments from small amounts of starting material, such as a single cell or a single hair follicle. PCR has also enabled researchers to create new techniques for studying genes and proteins, such as DNA sequencing and protein expression analysis. PCR has transformed many areas of biology, from genetics and biochemistry to microbiology and forensic science.

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Answer:

A-T.   C-G

Explanation:

Answer: A-T; G-C

Explanation: my teacher made us remember

Answer:  B. geocentric and

C. circular motions of planets

Explanation:

Aristotle's model: He thought that earth was center universe. And this universe made up only four elements.

Ptolemy's model: He thought that earth was center of universe and all celestial objects including sun, planets and moon were orbiting the around the earth. And earth did not move at all.

Aristotle's and Ptolemy's models of the solar system suggest the geocentric  and circular motions of planets.

Ptolemy model of the solar system was a geocentric model. Ptolemy thought that the universe was a set of nested spheres surrounding the Earth.

Aristotle's model shows the planets moving around the Earth in an orderly manner, in uniform circular motion, neither speeding up nor slowing down.

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A trna molecule's one end attaches to mrna and its other end binds to an amino acid.

An anticodon, which is complementary to an mRNA codon, is present in one loop of a tRNA molecule, and an amino acid matching to that mRNA codon is present at the other end of the tRNA molecule.

Whereas the messenger (mRNA) is the nucleotide sequence needed to make a protein, the transference RNA, or tRNA, is a molecule that connects the amino acid code on the mRNA sequence in the ribosome to construct a polypeptide chain.

RNAs, also known as ribonucleic acids, are necessary for all living cells to function. They participate in the production of proteins. There are three different forms of RNAs found in cells: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA) (transfer RNA). Their names are based on the many tasks they carry out.

During the synthesis of proteins, mRNA is in charge of acting as a template for gene coding. In mRNAs, the nucleus is the site of synthesis. They also include codons needed for translation.

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The ability of an ecosystem to return to its equilibrium state after an environmental disturbance is called resilience.

Resilience is described to the capacity of an ecosystem to absorb and recover from disturbances, such as natural disasters, human activities, or changes in environmental conditions.

Ecosystems that are resilient can withstand disruptions and adapt to them without losing their general integrity or their ability to function. After a disturbance, they can return to their former state or change into a new stable state.

The idea of resilience emphasizes how dynamic ecosystems are and how they may recover from shocks while preserving their ecological balance and carrying out their core activities and functions.

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Angiosperms belong to the plant kingdom. Flowers are the organs needed for sexual reproduction, carrying feminine and masculine structures.  

Flowers are reproductive structures in charge of sexual reproduction through the production of seeds.

⇒ Feminine reproductive structures

⇒ Masculine reproductive structures

⇒ External non-reproductive structures

Flowers also have external structures known as petals and sepals. These are modified leaves whose principal function is to protect the flower's fertile parts and attract pollinators.

Petals characterize as having many different colors that make the flower more attractive to insects and other animals. When they visit a flower searching for their recompense, the flower's pollen grains transfer to the insect's body.

The insect transports the pollen to the next visited flower, leaving it in the stigma of the second flower.

1) The mature pollen grains are driven to the stigma of the same flower or other flowers of the species, where they stick.

2) Once in the stigma, the pollen grain germinates.

3) A pollinic tube forms. It goes from the stigma along the style and ends in the flower ovary.

4) The pollen grains move along the tube forward to the ovary.

5) Once in the ovary, the pollen grains get in touch with the ovule. They have double fertilization.

6) The zygote develops in the ovary.

Now, let us answer the questions,

1) Flower Dissection ⇒ you will find and scheeme in the attached files

2) Characteristics of the plant kingdom

3) Stomata regulate water vapor flow through transpiration.

Desert plants have fewer stomata than tropical plants as an adaptation to avoid losing water.

4) Having fewer stomata help protect the health of a plant by preventing excessive water loss under extreme conditions.

5) The vascular system of plants is composed of

If the xylem gets damaged, the plant will not be able to take water and nutrients from the ground. If the phloem gets damaged, the plant will not be able to use photosynthetic products in different tissues. In any case, the plant will dye.

6) Because plants and human dermal tissues vary in the number of layers and functions.

7) Ground tissues are not meristematic, dermal, or vascular tissues. However, among their functions, we can mention photosynthesis, storage, regeneration, and healing capability. All of them are necessary to survive. If the ground tissues are damaged, the plant can not survive.

8) Flowering plants can reproduce sexually or asexually. During sexual reproduction, pollen grains fertilize the eggs in the ovary.

9) During pollination, insects and other animals get a recompense -nectar-. Flowers provide a source of food and prime matter to different pollinator agents. Also, flowers might be a shelter for many species.

10) The stamen where the pollen is produced. The ovary is where eggs are produced and where the zygote develops. Pollen gets to the egg in the ovary and fertilizes it (description above).

11)

The embryo is formed after the double fecundation. It composes of growing cotyledons, an epicotyl, and a hypocotyl.

The tegument and endosperm of the seed protect the embryo from dehydration and denutrition.

Germination is the process of development and the emergence of the embryo. These are a series of steps that must occur in the seed from the moment the embryo begins to develop until a newly emerged plantule is formed. For germination to occur, there must be appropriate environmental conditions.

12) Flowers are bright and colored because this is how they attract pollinator agents such and insects and other animals.

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Scientists use a variety of methods to study changes that have happened both today and in the past. The methods used depend on the specific type of change being studied and the time scale involved.

For current changes, scientists may use direct measurements, such as temperature readings, to monitor changes in climate. They may also use satellite imagery, remote sensing techniques, and computer models to track changes in things like land use, ocean currents, and atmospheric composition.

For past changes, scientists may use a variety of techniques to reconstruct past environments and climates. For example, they may analyze ice cores, tree rings, or sediment layers to study past climate patterns. They may also use fossil records to study changes in biodiversity over time. Additionally, isotopic analysis can provide information about past atmospheric composition and other environmental conditions.

Overall, scientists use a variety of methods and techniques to study changes in the Earth's environment, both past and present. These methods allow them to better understand the causes and effects of these changes, and to make predictions about future changes.

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Answer:

That's true

Explanation:

But remember. What is produced actually is not a protein. It is a petide chain which is the first structure of protein.

When the peptide chain reaches its fourth structure ،it csn have its function in body.

Thats a complete protein.

Hope it helps.

Answer: Apparent magnitude.

Explanation: The absolute magnitude scale is how the luminosity (or true brightness) is measured. The luminosity depends on the temperature, size, spectra. The apparent magnitude is the brightness of the star as it appears from Earth.

Akiko says that since the thermosphere reaches higher temperatures than the mesosphere, it makes more sense for meteors to burn up in the thermosphere than the mesosphere. Akiko is overlooking about the thermosphere is- Its higher temperatures are caused by ultraviolet rays.

What ultraviolet rays?

UV, also known as non-ionizing radiation, is emitted by both natural sources like the sun and man-made ones like tanning beds. Even though it benefits people in a variety of ways, such as by producing vitamin D, there are potential health hazards. The sun naturally produces UV radiation, which originates from it.

The thermosphere absorbs a large portion of the Sun's X-ray and UV energy. The thermosphere heats up and expands or "puffs up" when the Sun is particularly active and emits more high-energy radiation. This is the reason of increasing temperature in thermosphere.

Hence the correct answer is c, Its higher temperatures are caused by ultraviolet rays.

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\( \large \color{red}Answer:\)

Which is not an echinoderm?

A.)starfish

B.)sea urchin

D.)sand dollar

\( \large \color{Blue}Explaination:\)

The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can potentially reduce their a. sexual activity.

Testosterone is the primary  manly  coitus hormone, and it plays a  pivotal  part in maintaining sexual function and libido in men. As men age, it's common for testosterone  situations to decline gradationally, a process known as andropause or late- onset hypogonadism. This decline in testosterone can lead to  colorful changes in the body, including a  drop in sexual  exertion or desire.  

Testosterone is involved in regulating sexual desire, thrill, and performance. Lower  situations of testosterone can affect in a  drop in sexual  provocation,  dropped  frequence of sexual  exertion, and potentially impact erectile function. still, it's important to note that individual  gests  may vary, and not all men will  witness significant changes in sexual  exertion as a result of declining testosterone  situations.

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Answer:

the answer

proberbaly C or B

Answer:it's B or C

Explanation:

In cold regions, such as the North Atlantic Ocean, ocean water loses heat to the atmosphere and becomes cold and dense. When ocean water freezes, forming sea ice, salt is left behind causing surrounding seawater to become saltier and denser. Dense-cold-salty water sinks to the ocean bottom.

Answer:

D. Distant galaxies move progressively farther away from Earth.

Answer:

the property of living organisms in which they keep their internal systems in balance is called homeostatis. In desert regions, plants have reflective surfaces making them cool, they have several adaptation skills like cactus, where its leaves are spines to reduce transpiration. This happens due to the property homeostatis.

Answer:

Homeostasis is the property of living organisms in which internal systems are kept in balance.

Explanation:

Plants stay cool in the desert heat through their reflective surfaces, reduced leaves, or leaves that are parallel to the sun. Desert plants may also have adaptations that help them store water or very deep roots.

Answer:

Endocytosis.

Explanation:

In endocytosis, the cell membrane forms a cup-like sac around the molecule, the two lips of the cup meet around the molecule so that a vesicle is formed by the separation of that part of the cell membrane.