1- What do greenhouse gases do in our atmosphere? a. They absorb radiation given off by the Earth b They block harmful radiation from reaching the Earth c .They keep all the air within the Earth d .They make the Earth cooler

A precipitate of lead(II)chloride forms when 120.0 mg of NaCl is dissolved in 0.250 L of 0.12 M lead(II)nitrate. This is true

Explanation :

True, a precipitate of lead(II)chloride forms when 120.0 mg of NaCl is dissolved in 0.250 L of 0.12 M lead(II)nitrate. To confirm this, we can use the Ksp value of PbCl2 and compare it with the reaction's Q value.

1. Calculate the moles of NaCl:
120.0 mg NaCl * (1 g / 1000 mg) * (1 mol NaCl / 58.44 g NaCl) ≈ 0.00205 mol NaCl

2. Calculate the concentration of Cl- ions:
[Cl-] = 0.00205 mol NaCl / 0.250 L ≈ 0.0082 M

3. Calculate the concentration of Pb2+ ions:
[Pb2+] = 0.12 M (since it is already given)

4. Calculate the reaction quotient, Q:
Q = [Pb2+] [Cl-]^2 = (0.12 M) * (0.0082 M)^2 ≈ 8.07 × 10^-6

5. Compare Q and Ksp:
Since Q (8.07 × 10^-6) is greater than Ksp (1.7 × 10^-5), a precipitate of lead(II)chloride will form.

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The mineral presented in the image has a metallic luster. It is opaque, which means that it is not clear and light does not pass through it. It also has cleavage, which refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness.

The cleavage is evident in the image, as the mineral appears to have flat, smooth surfaces that intersect at sharp angles when it is broken or fractured.Cleavage is one of the most important properties of a mineral because it provides information about the way in which the mineral will break when subjected to external forces.

A mineral with good cleavage will break into pieces that have a smooth, flat surface, while a mineral with poor cleavage will break into pieces that have an uneven surface. This property is often used by mineralogists to help identify minerals since it is unique to each mineral.

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The mineral’s luster, opacity, and cleavage define its properties. Metallic luster means it reflects light like metal, opacity implies no light passes through it, and cleavage speaks to how it breaks.

In order to determine the characteristics of a mineral, we assess attributes such as the mineral's luster, opacity, and cleavage. The metallic luster refers to how light interacts with the surface of a mineral, metallic luster means the mineral reflects light as a polished metal would.

When a mineral is opaque, it means that light does not pass through it at all - it is not transparent or translucent. Lastly, a mineral's cleavage refers to how it breaks or fractures along distinctive planes. To accurately describe the mineral in the image, these three characteristics would need to be observable.

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The concentration of A after 30 seconds when the given reaction obeys the rate law rate = k[A]²[B].

We use the initial concentration of A and B and the rate constant of the reaction to find the rates at these concentrations. Using the integrated rate law for a second-order reaction, we find the concentration of A after 30 seconds to be 0.0934 M.

Given reaction obeys the rate law, rate=k[A]²[B].

Here, the initial concentration of A= 0.10 M,

initial concentration of B = 0.05 M, and

rate constant, k = 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹s⁻¹

We have to find the concentration of A, after 30 seconds.

To find the concentration of A, we need to know the rate at 0.10 M and 0.05 M. Therefore, we have to calculate the rates at these concentrations.

rate1 = k[A]²[B]

= (2.0 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹s⁻¹)(0.10 M)²(0.05 M)

= 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M/srate2

= k[A]²[B] = (2.0 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹s⁻¹)(0.09 M)²(0.04 M)

= 6.48 × 10⁻⁸ M/s

Using the integrated rate law for a second-order reaction: [A] = [A]₀ - kt where [A]₀ = initial concentration of A, k = rate constant, and t = time in seconds.

We know [A]₀ = 0.10 M and k = 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹s⁻¹.

Substituting the values in the above equation, we get: [A] = [A]₀ - kt= 0.10 M - (2.0 × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹s⁻¹)(30 s)≈ 0.0934 M

Therefore, the concentration of A in the vessel after 30 seconds is 0.0934 M.

This question requires us to calculate the concentration of A after 30 seconds when the given reaction obeys the rate law rate = k[A]²[B].

We are given the initial concentration of A and B and the rate constant of the reaction. To find the concentration of A after 30 seconds, we need to calculate the rates at the initial concentrations of A and B.

Using the integrated rate law for a second-order reaction, we can find the concentration of A at any given time. We substitute the given values in the formula and solve for [A]. We get the concentration of A as 0.0934 M after 30 seconds. This calculation is based on the assumption that no other reaction is important.

The concentration of A after 30 seconds when the given reaction obeys the rate law rate = k[A]²[B]. We use the initial concentration of A and B and the rate constant of the reaction to find the rates at these concentrations. Using the integrated rate law for a second-order reaction, we find the concentration of A after 30 seconds to be 0.0934 M. This calculation assumes that no other reaction is important.

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Answer: The answer is B 1,3

Soil erosion is basically the soil being deteriorated by the gradual impact of water or wind to it, being a very mechanical situation, where water or wind will hit the soil, detaching some particles and making the soil weaker. The main cause will be hits from water or wind. Deforestation will have a huge impact on erosion, since the soil where trees are taken down is more likely to receive impacts from wind or water, if the trees were left in their place, they would be used as a "shield" for the soil

A Mind Map is  described as an easy way to brainstorm thoughts organically without worrying about order and structure which allows you to visually structure your ideas to help with analysis and recall.

A mind map may transform a large list of uninteresting facts into a vivid, memorable, and meticulously structured diagram that corresponds to the way your brain naturally processes information.

We have two types of Combustion which are the complete combustion and incomplete combustion.

Complete Combustion is said to occur when there is sufficient oxygen, resulting in the complete oxidation of the fuel. It produces carbon dioxide and water as the primary products.

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Answer:

the empirical formula is \(H_2NO_2\)

Explanation:

The empirical formula is

The following information is given

It contains 29.17 mass percentage of N

4.20 mass percentage of H

And, 66.63 mass percentage of 0

Now based on the above information, the empirical formula is \(H_2NO_2\)

hence, the same is to be considered and relevant too

Considering the definition of empirical formula,  the empirical formula is H₂N₁O₂= H₂NO₂

The empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, which indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms, that is, the subscripts of chemical formulas are reduced to the most integers small as possible.

Hydroxylamine nitrate contains 29.17 mass % N, 4.20 mass % H, and 66.63 mass % O.

Assuming a 100 grams sample, the percentages match the grams in the sample. So you have 29.17 grams of N, 4.20 grams of H and 66.63 grams of O.

Then it is possible to calculate the number of moles of each atom in the molecule, taking into account the corresponding molar mass:

The empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships, for this the numbers of moles are divided by the smallest result of those obtained. In this case:

Therefore the H: N: O mole ratio is 2: 1: 2

Finally, the empirical formula is H₂N₁O₂= H₂NO₂

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Potassium acetate (KC₂H₃O₂) is the most likely compound for the solubility curve labeled C, hence option B is correct.

The quantity of a solute that dissolves in a solvent is known as its solubility. The majority of solutes become more soluble when the solvent's temperature rises.

It may infer from the provided graph that the solubility of the curve designated C corresponds to the solubility of the potassium compound.

A solubility curve is the line drawn on a graph to depict the relationship between temperature and a substance's solubility at various temperatures. The solubility curve is a graph showing the connection between solubility and temperature.

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The root-mean-square speed-vrms = 615 m/s

Given

O₂ molecules

T = 212 + 273 = 485 K

Required

The root-mean-square speed

Solution

Average velocities of gases can be expressed as root-mean-square averages. (V rms)  

\(\large {\boxed {\bold {v_ {rms} = \sqrt {\dfrac {3RT} {Mm}}}}\)

R = gas constant, T = temperature, Mm = molar mass of the gas particles  

R = 8,314 J / mol K  

T = temperature  

Mm = molar mass, kg / mol  = 0.032 kg/mol

Input the value :

v rms = √(3x8.314 J/mol K x 485 K)/0.032

vrms = 615 m/s

The equilibrium concentration of IBr is 0.234 M.

To answer this question, we need to use the equilibrium constant expression, which is given as:
Kc = [IBr]/([Br2][I2])
We know that the equilibrium constant (Kc) for this reaction is 326 at a certain temperature. We also know the initial concentration of Br2 and I2, which is 0.619 M.
Let's assume that at equilibrium, the concentration of IBr is x M. Then, the concentration of Br2 and I2 will be (0.619 - x) M each.Now, we can substitute these values into the equilibrium constant expression and solve for x:
326 = x/[(0.619 - x)^2]
326(0.619 - x)^2 = x
Simplifying this equation, we get: 202.094 - 652.792x + 326x^2 = 0
Solving this quadratic equation using the quadratic formula, we get:
x = 0.234 M (rounded to three significant figures)
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The correct option is D. Dry ice changes directly to carbon dioxide gas

A material can move straight from the solid to the gas state by sublimation without going through the liquid state. The triple point on a material's phase diagram corresponds to the lowest pressure at which the substance can remain as a liquid, and sublimation is an endothermic process that takes place there. Deposition, also known as desublimation, is the opposite of sublimation, in which a material transitions straight from the gas phase to the solid phase. A solid-to-gas transition (sublimation) followed by a gas-to-solid transition has also been referred to as sublimation (deposition)

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complete question:

Min was writing about changes in the state of matter for a research paper. Which of these changes might she include as examples of sublimation?

Choose the two statements that apply.

A. Clothing is hung outside on a day when the temperature is below the freezing point of water. The clothes dry, even though they freeze first.

B. An ice cube melts on the floor, then it evaporates.

C. Bromine is a reddish brown, liquid element. In a closed container, a reddish brown gas exists above the surface of the bromine.

D. Dry ice changes directly to carbon dioxide gas

Answer:

Length

Explanation:

Answer:

ions

Explanation:

atoms because of the charge

There is no specific threshold or degree of slope steepness at which soil erosion abruptly begins to taper off

Soil erosion is influenced by various factors, including slope steepness, rainfall intensity, soil characteristics, vegetation cover, and land management practices. As slope steepness increases, the potential for soil erosion generally increases due to the gravitational force acting on the eroded materials. However, there is no specific threshold or degree of slope steepness at which soil erosion abruptly begins to taper off. The relationship between slope steepness and soil erosion is generally non-linear. At low slope angles, soil erosion tends to be minimal as the gravitational force is relatively weak. As the slope angle increases, soil erosion typically increases exponentially due to the increased force of gravity. Eventually, as the slope steepness continues to increase, soil erosion may reach a point of maximum potential where the erodibility of the soil and other factors become limiting factors. Beyond this point, the rate of soil erosion may start to taper off, but it does not completely stop. Instead, it may stabilize or decrease slightly compared to the maximum erosion potential observed at steeper slopes.

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Answer:

11: 4

12: 3

13: 1

17: 3.000060

18: 5.0 x 10^2

19: 5.0 x 10^6

Explanation:

11: digits between 1&9 are always signifigant even if there are zeros between them

13: Zeros after the decimal do not count unless they represent an exact measurement

18: The decimal point moves forward 2 units so 10^2

Answer:

²⁸Mg

Explanation:

12 electrons means it is a Mg;

A typical Mg has 12 neutrons, but this has 16 hence it must be an isotope with 4 extra neutrons.

Answer:

Explanation:

Moles of Pb(NO3)2 =  mass/molecular mass

= 50.0 grams/(207.20*1 + 14.01*2 + 16*6)

= 50.0 grams/331.22

= 0.15 moles

Moles of NaI

= 30/(22.99+126.9)

= 30/149.89

= 0.2 Moles

A. NaI is less 2x Pb(NO3)2 so NaI is the limiting reagent.

B. The ratio is 1 to 2 so there is 0.15 - 0.2/2 = 0.05 mole

or 16.78 grams of Pb(NO3)2 left.

C. As NaI is limiting, only 0.2 Moles of NaNO3 is formed.

Mass =  Moles * Molecular Mass

Molecular Mass of NaNO3 can be calculated as:  

Na - 22.99

N - 14.01

O - 3(16) = 48

23+14+48 = 85gram / mole

Thus, Mass =  0.2*85  = 17 gram of NaNO3

Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction.

Mass of PbI2 can be calculated as:

50+30-16.78-17

= 46.3 gram of PbI2

Mass =  

12.75

Thus, 12.75g of Sodium Nitrate can be formed

Answer:

Explanation:

Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaI (aq) --> PbI2 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq)

MM for each compound -

Pb(NO3): 207 + 14x2 + 16x3x2 = 331

PI2: 207 + 127x2 = 461

NaI: 23 + 127 = 150

NaNO3: 23 + 14 + 16x3 = 85

Moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 50/331 = 0.15

Moles of NaI = 30/150 = 0.2

Ratio of moles is 1:2

So NaI is limiting

Limited to 0.2/2 = 0.1 mole of Pb(NO3)2

Excess = 0.15 - 0.1 = 0.05 mole

Mass remains = 0.05x331 = 16.55 grams

Moles of NaNO3 formed = Moles of NaI reacted = 0.2

Mass = 0.2x85 = 17 grams

Moles of PbI2 formed = Moles of Pb(NO3)2 reacted = 0.1

Mass = 0.1x461 = 46.1 grams

If 12 grams of NaNO3 actually formed in the reaction,

percent yield = 12/17x100% = 70.6%

Answer:

1.5 moles

Explanation:

To find the number of moles of HCl in 500 mL of a 3 M solution of HCl, we consider moles in 1 liter/ 1000 mL.

3 moles HCl is contained in 1000 mL

x moles is HCl is contained in 500 mL

\( = \frac{3 \: \times \: 500}{1000} \: moles \\ = 1.5 \: moles\)

Hence the number of moles of HCl in 500 mL is 1.5 moles.

Explanation:

—COOH and —NH₂

Carboxylic Acid and Amino

Answer:

8.92 m/s

Explanation:

Distance covered = 107 m

Time = 12 s

Average speed = ?

The relationship between the parameters is given by;

Average speed = Distance covered / Time

Average speed = 107 / 12

Average speed = 8.92 m/s

We have the balanced equation for the reaction.

To determine which is the limiting reactant we must know the moles of both reactants. We have the moles of Al equal to 3.8 mol. We calculate the moles of HCl with the data that they give us of molarity and volume in the following way:

Now, the ratio according to the HCl to Al reaction equation is 6/2=3/1.

The HCl to Al ratio that we have according to the available moles is: 10/3.8=2.63. This ratio is lower than the theoretical one, that is, there are not enough moles of HCl if all the moles of Al are to be reacted. Therefore, HCl is the limiting reactant.

The calculations are made according to the moles of HCl available. Now the ratio H2 to HCl is 3/6=1/2. So the moles of H2 will be:

The theoretical yield is 5.0molH2.

The answer is: 5.0 moles of H2, HCl being the LR. 4th option

In a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) system with loratadine and pseudoephedrine sulfate, the choice of organic and aqueous phases is crucial for efficient separation.

Loratadine is a non-polar compound, while pseudoephedrine sulfate is more polar due to the presence of a sulfate group. To achieve effective separation, we need to choose a suitable organic phase and aqueous phase.

For the organic phase, a non-polar solvent such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, or chloroform can be used. These solvents have good solubility for loratadine. The non-polar organic phase will extract loratadine from the mixture, allowing for separation from the aqueous phase.

As for the aqueous phase, we need to choose a polar solvent that will selectively extract pseudoephedrine sulfate. Aqueous solutions of acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) can be used. The acidic conditions protonate the pseudoephedrine sulfate, making it more soluble in the aqueous phase.

To perform the extraction, the mixture of loratadine and pseudoephedrine sulfate is added to the LLE system consisting of the organic phase (non-polar solvent) and the aqueous phase (acidic solution). The mixture is then vigorously shaken to ensure thorough mixing and extraction.

After shaking, the phases are allowed to separate, with the more dense aqueous phase settling at the bottom and the less dense organic phase on top. The layers can be carefully separated, and each phase can be further processed to isolate the desired compounds.

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Answer:

Use the formula C1V1 = C2V2

We have the initial concentration and volume

C1= 0.5 M

V1 = 1.00 L

We also have the final volume

V2 = 2.00L

C2 = ?

Rearrange the formula to find C2:

(C1 x V1) / V2 = C2

(0.5 x 0.1) / (2) = 0.25 M

Therefore the concentration of the final solution is 0.25 M.  

The bond formed by the overlap of two s orbitals or the end-to-end overlap of two orbitals that have a p character is called a sigma bond. This bond has its highest electron density between the nuclei of the two bonded atoms.

A sigma bond is a type of covalent chemical bond that occurs when two atomic orbitals overlap end-to-end. It is the strongest type of covalent bond and forms between atoms that have similar electronegativity. In a sigma bond, the electron density is concentrated along the internuclear axis, creating a strong bond that holds the atoms together. Sigma bonds can form between s orbitals, between an s and p orbital, between two p orbitals, or between an sp hybridized orbital and another s or p orbital. They are essential in the formation of many compounds, including organic molecules, and are a fundamental concept in chemistry.

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