In machine learning,1. supervised learning2. unsupervised learning3. regression4. classification5. all of the above6. overfit7. it allows us to give a more realistic evaluation of algorithm8. all predictors are independent.
In supervised learning, the data is in the form of (x, y), where x represents the input or predictor values and y represents the target value or label. The goal of supervised learning is to learn a mapping or function that can predict the target value y given new input x. The algorithm learns from the labeled examples provided in the training data, where the correct outputs are already known.
In unsupervised learning, the data does not have any labeled examples or target values. The goal is to find patterns, structures, or relationships within the data without any prior knowledge of the output. Unsupervised learning algorithms explore the data to discover hidden patterns or groupings, such as clustering similar data points together or finding underlying dimensions in the data.
Regression is a type of supervised learning where the goal is to build a model that can predict real-numbered values. In regression, the target variable is continuous or numerical, and the model learns to estimate or approximate the relationship between the predictor variables and the target variable.
Classification is another type of supervised learning where the target variable is a finite set of possible discrete values or classes. The model learns from labeled examples to classify new instances into one of the predefined classes or categories. Classification algorithms aim to find decision boundaries or decision rules that separate different classes in the input space.
Machine learning differs from traditional programming in several ways. In traditional programming, knowledge is explicitly encoded in the algorithm by specifying rules and logic for processing input data. In machine learning, knowledge is not explicitly programmed into the algorithm. Instead, ML programs learn from data by discovering patterns and relationships automatically. ML algorithms are designed to improve their performance over time by learning from new data or feedback.
If an algorithm performs well on the training data but poorly on the test data, it is likely overfitting. Overfitting occurs when the model learns the training data too well and captures the noise or random variations instead of generalizing the underlying patterns.
The purpose of dividing data into training and test sets is to provide a more realistic evaluation of the algorithm's performance. The training set is used to train or fit the model, while the test set is used to assess how well the model generalizes to unseen data. By evaluating the model on a separate test set, we can get an estimate of its performance on new data and detect any issues such as overfitting or underfitting.
Naïve Bayes is called "naïve" because it makes a strong assumption of feature independence. It assumes that all predictor variables or features are independent of each other, given the class variable. This assumption allows the algorithm to simplify the calculation of probabilities and make predictions based on a simplified model.
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Q. How absurd is the idea that we should design products at 100%
performance and only at 10% of costs? Is this possible? Have
companies been able to deliver/achieve this goal?
Case Study: ENGINEERING
Answer:
Explanation:
The idea of designing products with 100% performance while keeping the costs at only 10% is absurd and unrealistic.
Designing high-performance products requires investments in quality materials, advanced technologies, research and development, and skilled engineering expertise. These factors contribute to higher costs. Achieving such a drastic difference between performance and cost is not practically feasible.
Companies strive to find a balance between performance and cost by employing cost optimization strategies, value engineering, and efficiency improvements. They aim to maximize the performance-to-cost ratio but understand the inherent trade-offs involved.
While companies continuously work towards improving performance and reducing costs, it is crucial to have realistic expectations and understand the practical limitations of product design.
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More than one constructor function may be defined for a class. 21. When a class declares an entire class as its friend, the friendship status is reciprocal. That is, each class's member functions have free access to the other's private members. 22. When you overload an operator, you can change the operator's original meaning to something entirely different 23. By default, when an object is assigned to another object, each member of one object is copied to its counterpart in the other object. 24. The overloaded = operator copies data from one object to another so it is known as the overload copy operator. 1 If you overload the prefix ++ operator, the postfix ++ operator is automatically overloaded. 25. Type 2: Small Code Block. Write a function that receives a pointer to an array along with the size of the array, it returns the largest number in the array.
More than one constructor function may be defined for a class. 21. When a class declares an entire class as its friend, the friendship status is reciprocal.
That is, each class's member functions have free access to the other's private members. 22. When you overload an operator, you can change the operator's original meaning to something entirely different 23. By default, when an object is assigned to another object, each member of one object is copied to its counterpart in the other object. 24.
The overloaded = operator copies data from one object to another so it is known as the overload copy operator. 1 If you overload the prefix ++ operator, the postfix ++ operator is automatically overloaded. 25. Type 2: Small Code Block. Write a function that receives a pointer to an array along with the size of the array, it returns the largest number in the array.
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Use 000webhost to create an HTML5 based webpage with the following elements:
Welcome page
Title should be your name + Professional Page
Introductory professional paragraph with a short bio, hobbies, and other relevant information
Provide a picture of yourself (or placeholder)
Provide links to your linkedIn profile
Provide links to four other pages:
Resume
Goals and Objectives
Porfolio (add here organizations you are connected to, businesses, job places, ...)
Interview page
Resume Page - Provide a complete resume page formatted with HTML. In this page, also provide a link to a PDF copy of the same resume
Goals and Objectives - Provide a list of your short term goals and long term goals. Reflect on how the university is helping (or any other organization) to achieve those goals
Portfolio - Provide here a list of those organizations that have helped you get where you are. These can be places where you have worked, organizations that you support, or your hobbies.
Interview Page - Provide a generic interview page with video clips that answer the following questions:
What development tools have you used?
What languages have you programmed in?
What are your technical certifications?
What do you do to maintain your technical certifications?
How is your education helping you prepare for the job market?
How would you rate your key competencies for this job?
What are your IT strengths and weaknesses?
Tell me about the most recent project you worked on. What were your responsibilities?
What challenges do you think you might expect in this job if you were hired?
How important is it to work directly with your business users?
To make a webpage with certain things on it using 000webhost, you need to know a little bit about building websites with HTML. The code that can help is attached.
What is the webpage about?To make a webpage, one need to: Create an account on 000webhost. com and make a new website. After creating your account and website, go to the file manager in your 000webhost control panel.
Make a new document called index. html and open it to make changes. Add this HTML code to the index. Save the alterations and close the file.
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Which power system relies on pressurized liquid to flow through tubes and valves to increase power and force?
a. fluid power system
b. hydraulic power system
c. pneumatic power system
d. construction power system
Which component of the enterprise platform will help the company capture, curate, and consume customer information to improve their services?
Data and insight is the component of the enterprise platform will help the company capture customer information.
What is Data and insight?
These are the data and knowledge gotten from analysis of customer's information in a business.
This enterprise platform is very important as it helps the organization to improve their services
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Choose two other elements from the periodic table that you predict should react to form something like table salt
Please pleassssss helppp
I give branlistttttt
You deposit $5,000 in a savings account that earns 8% simple interest per year. What is the minimum number of years you must wait to double your balance?
Answer:
It will take 12.5 years double the balance
Explanation:
As we know
A = P (1 + rt)
where A is the amount
P is the principal sum of money deposited
r is the rate of interest (per annum)
t is the time in years
Substituting the given values we get -
2P = P ( 1+ 0.08 * t)
2 = 1+ 0.08 * t
1 = 0.08 * t
t =
\(\frac{1}{0.08} \\\frac{100}{8} \\12.5\) years
who ever answers this gets 25 NON COSTLY points
Answer:
"cool"
Explanation:
a misfire code is a type ____ DTC
A) 1 or 2
B) a or b
C) c or d
D l or ll
Answer:
A misfire code is a type A DTC.
Explanation:
A misfire code is a type A DTC.
A Misfire generate unburned hydrocarbons thereby increasing the load on the catalytic converter. Misfires are due to incomplete combustion or lack of combustion.
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is a type of code used by the vehicle’s onboard diagnostics (OBD) system to alert when the vehicle has a problem. Type A DTC is the most serious DTC, this are emissions related. It requests illumination of the MIL after one failed driving cycle and stores a freeze frame DTC after one failed driving cycle.
Which energy source from a reservoir would provide affordable, abundant electricity for a factory?.
A hydroelectric plant is an energy source from a reservoir that would provide affordable, abundant electricity for a factory.
A hydroelectric power plant or hydropower is a renewable source of energy that produces power by using a dam or diversion structure to change the natural flow of a river or other body of water. Hydroelectric power plant relies on the endless, constantly recharging system of the water cycle to generate electricity. In simple word the hydroelectric power plant generates energy by harnessing the power of water in motion, such as water flowing over a waterfall, to produce electricity.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP!!! Thanks
What lives at layer 3 (the network layer) of the OSI model?
Layer 3 of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, known as the network layer, is responsible for providing end-to-end communication between hosts in different networks.
The network layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets across different networks, as well as handling addressing and logical connectivity.
The main entities that live at layer 3 (the network layer) of the OSI model include:
Routers: Routers are network devices that operate at the network layer and are responsible for forwarding data packets between different networks. They use routing tables and protocols to determine the best path for data packets to reach their destination across multiple networks.
IP (Internet Protocol): IP is a network layer protocol that provides logical addressing and routing functionality. It is responsible for assigning unique IP addresses to devices on a network, and for routing data packets based on those IP addresses.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP is a network layer protocol that is used for sending error messages and operational information about network conditions. It is often used for diagnostic purposes, such as ping and traceroute, to check the connectivity and status of network devices.
Network Addressing: Layer 3 is also responsible for assigning and managing IP addresses, which are used to uniquely identify devices on a network.
Subnetting and VLANs: Layer 3 may also involve subnetting and VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks), which are used for network segmentation and management to improve efficiency and security.
In summary, layer 3 of the OSI model includes routers, IP, ICMP, network addressing, and other protocols and technologies that are responsible for routing, addressing, and logical connectivity in a network.
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estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material if it is known that fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.29 mm and that has a tip radius of curvature of 0.004 mm when a stress of 1300 mpa is applied.
The theoretical fracture strength of the brittle material is estimated to be approximately 165.6 MPa when a stress of 1300 MPa is applied and fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.29 mm and tip radius of curvature of 0.004 mm.
To estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material given the information provided, we can use Griffith's theory of brittle fracture. According to this theory, the fracture strength of a brittle material can be expressed as:
σ_f = (2Eγπa)^0.5
where σ_f is the fracture strength, E is the elastic modulus, γ is the surface energy per unit area, and a is the length of the elliptically shaped surface crack.
To calculate the fracture strength, we need to first determine the surface energy per unit area of the material. For glass, a typical value of surface energy is around 1 J/m^2.
Given the length of the elliptically shaped surface crack (a) is 0.29 mm, and the tip radius of curvature is 0.004 mm, we can calculate the crack area (A) as follows:
A = πab = π(0.29/2)(0.004)
A ≈ 5.67 x 10^-7 m^2
Next, we can calculate the elastic modulus (E) of the material. For glass, the elastic modulus is typically around 70 GPa.
Substituting these values into the equation for fracture strength, we get:
σ_f = (2Eγπa)^0.5 = [2(70 x 10^9)(1)(π)(0.29 x 10^-3)]^0.5
σ_f ≈ 165.6 MPa
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Cruise Business Case: Part 1 The specialty cruise has a pirate theme and goes on fun missions. Cruise members become part of the crew. Use the following business rules for the cruise database: Each employee (cruise members and captain) have unique IDs. • There are two types of employees: crew and captain. You cannot be a crew member and a captain. • Only captains have a parrot • Each ship has at least 40 crew members • Each mission has a unique mission number with one or more ships • Provide all appropriate connectors. Employee Ships Employeeld EmployeeLastName Employee FirstName ShipID 2 ShipID ShipName ShipDescription 3 1 Ships Missions ShipID MissionID 4 Captain Crew ParrotID Employeeld ParrotName Parrot Color DependentID Employeeld DependentFirstName Missions MissionID Mission Name ScheduledDate QuotedPrice
Here is the ER diagram for the Cruise Business Case:
+-------------+ +-------------+
| Employee | | Ships |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| EmployeeID | | ShipID |
| LastName | | ShipName |
| FirstName | | Description |
| Type | +-------------+
| ParrotID |<---------| Crew |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| Captain |
| ParrotID |
+-------------+
+--------------+ +--------------+
| Parrot | | Dependents |
+--------------+ +--------------+
| ParrotID |<--------| DependentID |
| ParrotName | | FirstName |
| Color | | EmployeeID |
+--------------+ +--------------+
+--------------+ +-------------+
| Missions | | MissionShip |
+--------------+ +-------------+
| MissionID | | MissionID |
| MissionName | | ShipID |
| ScheduledDate| +-------------+
| QuotedPrice |
+--------------+
What is the explanation for the above response?
The tables and their relationships are as follows:
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Which of the following examples is a positive Safety and Health Program reward?
A program for health and wellbeing is created to inspire people to take part in activities that can improve their quality of life, motivation, and ultimately, performance.
What is health program?Health and wellness goals, population categories, behavior change goals, tracking choices, and budget can all be taken into account when designing a well-being program to suit a particular need.
Inclusion & Mental Health are essential to your program's success. It has been demonstrated that things like paid time off, experiential rewards, and charitable contributions enhance mental health.
Members of all backgrounds, genders, racial and ethnic backgrounds, and religious affiliations can participate in our programs. We can also incorporate diversity-related initiatives into your program.
Therefore, A program for health and wellbeing is created to inspire people to take part in activities that can improve their quality of life, motivation, and ultimately, performance.
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Toyotas more than 30 hybrid vehicles investment in zero emissions vehicle and working on developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles not only protect the natural environment but also further his overall economic progress customer is generally has positive feelings towards companies that focus on______ efforts such as Toyotas
The missing term in the presented paragraph is environmental.
In recent years the effects of climate change have been strongly manifested around the world causing:
Forest firesFloodsHeatwavesCold wavesSnowfallThe rise in the level of rivers and seasDeglaciationTherefore, many companies have begun to investigate productive alternatives to reduce their environmental impact. In the case of the car industry, companies have deepened their research on other sources of energy such as:
ElectricSolarWindOne of them is Toyota, the Japanese brand that has developed cars that work hybrid, that is, with gasoline and electric power. This will reduce the emissions of CO2 and other harmful gases into the atmosphere.
Therefore, it is possible to infer that the missing term in the paragraph is Environmental.
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WHAT IS A TOROID IN HYDRAULUCS?
Answer:
A hydraulic actuator comprised of a toroidal piston within a toroidal enclosure, with differential fluid pressure alternatively applied to upper and lower surfaces of the piston to cause a reciprocating motion, and with plural double ended piston rods extending in parallel above and below the piston, and slidably extending in fluid sealed relation through end caps of the toroidal enclosure to distribute the vibrational force produced by the reciprocating piston over plural points of a surface area of the mass to be vibrated, thereby reducing the likelihood of stress, strain, or harmonics in the mass.
Answer:
Expl
A hydraulic actuator comprised of a toroidal piston within a toroidal enclosure, with differential fluid pressure alternatively applied to upper and lower surfaces of the piston to cause a reciprocating motion, and with plural double ended piston rods extending in parallel above and below the piston, and slidably extending in fluid sealed relation through end caps of the toroidal enclosure to distribute the vibrational force produced by the reciprocating piston over plural points of a surface area of the mass to be vibrated, thereby reducing the likelihood of stress, strain, or harmonics in the mass.anation:
Technician a says you may replace a fusible link with a larger gauge wire. technician b says a burned-out fuse indicates a larger-rated fuse should be used. who is correct?
Based on the information provided by these technicians, the correct answer is that: D) Neither Technician A nor Technician B.
The components of an electrical circuit.Generally, an electrical circuit comprises the following electrical components:
ResistorsCapacitorsBatteriesTransistorsSwitchesElectrical wiresFuseFusible linkWhat is a fusible link?A fusible link can be defined as a type of electrical component which comprises a wire or fusible alloy strip that's attached to two (2) connectors, so as to serve as an electrical safety device.
Based on the information provided by these technicians, we can reasonably and logically deduce that neither Technician A nor Technician B is correct because a fusible link should not be replaced with a larger gauge wire and a burned-out fuse indicates that a new fuse of same rating should be used.
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Complete Question:
Technician A says you may replace a fusible link with a larger gauge wire. Technician B says a burned-out fuse indicates a larger-rated fuse should be used. Who is correct?
A) Technician A only
B) Technician B only
C) Both Technician A and Technician B
D) Neither Technician A nor Technician B
The flow between two infinitely flat parallel plates displays a parabolic profile, and is called plane Poiseulle flow.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
The study of fluids in a state of rest or in motion and the forces involved in it is called fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications in the field of mechanical engineering as well as civil engineering.
When we study the flow of fluid between any two flat plates that is indefinitely flat and is parallel, the flow of the fluid is known as plane Poiseulle flow. The profile of a plane Poiseulle flow is parabolic.
The velocity profile of a plane Poiseulle flow is :
\($\frac{u(y)}{U_{max}}=1-\left(\frac{2y}{h}\right)^2$\)
Thus the answer is TRUE.
The tank of the air compressor is subjected to an internal pressure of 90 psi. If the internal diameter of the tank is 22 in., and the wall thickness is 0.25 in., determine the stress components acting at point A. Draw a volume element of the material at this point, and show the results on the element. What would be the maximum shear that this material would experience?
Given Data:
Internal pressure of tank = 90 psi
Internal diameter of tank = 22 in
Wall thickness = 0.25 in
Stress components are to be determined at point A and maximum shear is to be calculated.
Volume Element:
The volume element at point A has six faces and the stress components are acting on these faces. The stress components acting at point A need to be calculated.
Stress Components:
Consider the cylinder element shown below:
The stress acting on the horizontal and vertical faces is called longitudinal stress and the stress acting on the oblique faces is called shear stress.
Longitudinal Stress:
Longitudinal stress is given by the formula:
σL = (P x D) / (4t)
Where,
P is the internal pressure of the tank
D is the internal diameter of the tank
t is the thickness of the tank
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
σL = (90 x 22) / (4 x 0.25)
σL = 1980 psi
Shear Stress:
The shear stress is given by the formula:
τ = σ / 2
Where,
σ is the longitudinal stress
Substituting the value of σ in the formula, we get:
τ = 1980 / 2
τ = 990 psi
The shear stress acting on the oblique faces is 990 psi and the maximum shear stress acting on the element is 990 psi. Hence, the maximum shear stress that this material would experience is 990 psi.
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If you see cars parked on both sides of the road facing the same direction that means?
If you see cars parked on both sides of the road facing the same direction that means they have one direction of travel, and that it is seen as a one-way street.
What is the rule of the one-way street?The rule states that if Cars parked are known to be facing the same direction on both ends of the street, it clearly shows the direction of travel, as well as the fact that it is a one-way street.
Note that a lot of people do not always follows the rules about the right direction they can park on a public street. Cars that are parked in both opposing directions connote the fact that the street should be two-way.
Therefore, If you see cars parked on both sides of the road facing the same direction that means they have one direction of travel, and that it is seen as a one-way street.
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In the figure below, block A weighs 20 lb , while block B weighs 10 lb . Friction between the surfaces of the two blocks may be assumed negligible, but there is friction between block A and its underlying surface, and between block B and its adjacent confining surface, both with a kinetic friction coefficient of 0.25. The angle that the inclined face of block A makes with the horizontal is θ= 75 ∘ . A vertical downward force, P= 8 lb is applied to block B .
What is the acceleration of block B?
What is the acceleration of block A?
Answer:
As P is continually increased, the block will now slip, with the friction force acting on the block being: f = muK*N, where muK is the coefficient of kinetic friction, with f remaining constant thereafter as P is increased.
If the cathode voltage of a forward-biased silicon diode equals 2.6 V, the anode voltage equals __________.
The anode voltage equals 1.9 to 2.0 volts.
We have,
If the cathode voltage of a forward-biased silicon diode equals 2.6 V, the anode voltage would be lower than the cathode voltage by approximately 0.6 to 0.7 volts.
This voltage drop is commonly known as the forward voltage drop of a silicon diode.
Therefore,
The anode voltage would be around:
2.6 V - 0.6 V = 2.0 V
to
2.6 V - 0.7 V = 1.9 V
Thus,
The anode voltage would be approximately 1.9 to 2.0 volts.
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) How much dry salt must be added in 150 kg of aqueous salt solution in order to
increase its concentration from 15% to 40%? (10 Marks.
To archive a concentration of 40%, you need to add 62.5 kg of salt.
How much salt must we add?
First, we have 150kg of aqueous salt solution with a concentration of the 15%, which means that the 15% of 150kg is salt, so we have:
0.15*150kg = 22.5 kg of salt.
Now we want to add a quantity M of salt, such that the new concentration of salt is of 40%.
The new mass of the mixture will be:
150kg + M
The new mass of salt will be:
22.5kg + M
The concentration of salt, in decimal form, will be:
(22.5kg + M)/(150kg + M)
The above quotient must be equal to 0.4 (40% in decimal form), then we solve:
(22.5kg + M)/(150kg + M) = 0.4
(22.5kg + M) = 0.4*(150kg + M)
(22.5kg + M) = 60kg + 0.4*M
M - 0.4*M = 60kg - 22.5kg
0.6*M = 37.5kg
M = (37.5 kg)/0.6 = 62.5kg
So you need to add 62.5kg of salt.
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assume the following statement appears in a program: days = 'monday tuesday wednesday' write a statement that splits the string, creating the following list: ['monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday']
To split the string 'days' into a list containing the individual days, the statement "days_list = days.split()" can be used.
In the given statement, the variable 'days' holds a string that represents multiple days separated by spaces. To split this string into a list of individual days, the 'split()' method can be applied to the 'days' string.
The 'split()' method divides the string into substrings based on the specified separator, which is a space character by default. By calling 'days.split()', the string will be split at each space, resulting in a list where each element corresponds to a separate day. The resulting list will be ['monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday'].
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How does the Center of Gravity of a Robot Relate to the Translational, Rotational, or Oscillatory Motion Associated with it?
The center of gravity, also known as the balance point or point of rotation when an object is permitted to freely rotate, is the average location of an object's weight.
Explain about the Gravity?All objects with mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational attraction, which has a magnitude that is directly proportional to the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from one another.
By means of gravity, a planet or other body pulls items toward its core. All the planets are maintained in their orbits around the sun by the force of gravity.
Any particle of matter in the universe will gravitate toward any other with a force that varies directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them, according to Newton's law of gravity.
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what is the speed of a spur gear with 42 teeth driven by a pinion gear with 14 teeth turning 420 rpm?
The formula for calculating gear speed is: (rpm of the driving gear * number of teeth on the driving gear) / number of teeth on the driven gear.
What is the formula for calculating gear speed?To calculate the speed of the spur gear, we can use the gear ratio formula, which is gear ratio = number of teeth on driven gear (spur gear) / number of teeth on driving gear (pinion gear).
In this case, the gear ratio is 42/14 = 3.
Next, we can use the formula for gear speed, which is gear speed = pinion gear speed / gear ratio.
Since the pinion gear is turning at 420 rpm, the gear speed of the spur gear is:
gear speed = 420 rpm / 3 = 140 rpm.
Therefore, the speed of the spur gear with 42 teeth driven by a pinion gear with 14 teeth turning at 420 rpm is 140 rpm.
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How much dry salt must be added in 150kg of aquous salt solution in order to increase the concentration from 15% to 40%
Answer:
about half a pound i think
Explanation:
what is the difference between a stepped and a non-stepped ECT circuit?
Answer:
A stepped circuit is designed in the engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor within a powertrain control module (PCM) to increase the sensor's accuracy. A simple non-stepped ECT sensor circuit has a specific resistance which increases or decreases according to the changes in engine coolant temperature.
Explanation:
technician a says that riveted disc brake pads are often quieter than bonded disc brake pads. technician b says that integrally molded disc brake pads are molded into holes in the steel backing of the pads. which technician is correct?
Technician B says that integrally molded disc brake pads are molded into holes in the steel backing of the pads. Both technicians are correct.Riveted and bonded brake pads are two different types of brake pads that can be used in a vehicle.
The type of brake pad used is determined by the type of vehicle being used and the driver's personal preference. Both types of brake pads have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, it is true that riveted disc brake pads are often quieter than bonded disc brake pads.Riveted disc brake pads are made of two parts: a steel backing plate and a friction material. The friction material is usually made of a ceramic material or organic material that has been bonded to the backing plate. The friction material and the backing plate are held together with rivets. Riveted brake pads are popular because they are more durable than bonded brake pads. They also provide better stopping power and can handle high heat better.Integrally molded brake pads are also known as monobloc brake pads. They are different from bonded and riveted brake pads because they are made of one piece of material. The material used is usually ceramic or organic material that has been molded into the backing plate. The material is molded into holes in the backing plate. The holes are made to provide extra space for the material to expand and contract during use. This type of brake pad is popular because it provides better stopping power and can handle high heat better.for more such question on friction
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