(a)The minimum number of connected components in G' is 1, and the maximum number of connected components in G' is n-1. Minimum: If v is the only vertex in G, then G' is the empty graph, which has only one connected component.
Maximum: If v is connected to all other vertices in G, then deleting v and all edges incident with v will disconnect G into n-1 connected components.
Here is an example for each case:
Minimum: The graph G with one vertex is a connected graph. Deleting the vertex from G gives the empty graph, which has only one connected component.Maximum: The graph G with two vertices, where v is connected to the other vertex, is a connected graph. Deleting v and all edges incident with v gives the graph with one vertex, which has only one connected component.(b)
Theorem 26.7 of the coursebook states that the method for finding connected components of graphs as described in the theorem will work for both undirected and directed graphs. However, this is not true. A counterexample with at least 7 nodes is the following directed graph:
A -> B
A -> C
B -> C
C -> D
C -> E
D -> E
This graph has 7 nodes and 6 edges. If we run DFS on this graph, we will find two connected components: {A, B} and {C, D, E}. However, these are not strongly connected components. For example, there is no path from A to C in the graph.
(c) We can prove by induction that for any connected graph G with n vertices and m edges, we have n ≤ m + 1.
Base case: The base case is when n = 1. In this case, the graph G is a single vertex, which has 0 edges. So m = 0, and n ≤ m + 1.
Inductive step: Assume that the statement is true for all graphs with n ≤ k. We want to show that the statement is also true for graphs with n = k + 1.
Let G be a connected graph with n = k + 1 vertices and m edges. By the inductive hypothesis, we know that m ≤ k. So we can add one edge to G without creating a new connected component. This means that n ≤ m + 1. Therefore, the statement is true for all graphs with n ≤ k + 1. This completes the proof by induction.
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Name two sensors which would be used in a burglar alarm system
1. Passive Infrared Sensor
This sensors type is passive in a way that it doesn't radiate its own energy. Instead, it detects the infrared light radiating from objects. This way, it can detect whenever there's a human or another living being in its field of view.
2. Photoelectric Beams
This is also another type of motion detector, but it doesn't work similarly to the others. For one, it doesn't have a coverage area. It only forms a fence, which triggers the alarm if broken.
It consists of two separate parts that form a sort of a fence made of IR beams. When someone steps into the beams, between the two parts, they trigger the alarm.
So this is not exactly a question but I can’t find the answer anywhere else. Also if you answer this, please do, I will give you brainliest.
What does the blue circle with the i in it mean on EBay?
Answer: Well, in transit means "in the process of being transported" according to Merriam Webster, so I would think that would mean that it is being shipped from China over to America (Or wherever you may live) currently. Hope this helped!
Explanation:
in which ospf state would a neighbor be if it has learned of a neighbor's existence but has not yet seen its own rid in an lsdb update?
The neighbor would be in the "2-Way" state.
In the OSPF protocol, there are several states that a neighbor can go through during the adjacency formation process. The first state is the "Down" state, where the router has not yet established any communication with its potential neighbors. Once the router sends an OSPF Hello packet and receives a response from its neighbor, it enters the "Init" state. In the next state, called "2-Way," the router has exchanged Hello packets with its neighbor and has learned of its existence. However, it has not yet seen its own Router ID (RID) in an LSDB (Link State Database) update from the neighbor. This means that the router is still waiting for confirmation that it has formed a bidirectional connection with the neighbor. Once the router receives an LSDB update from the neighbor containing its own RID, it enters the "Exstart" state and begins the process of exchanging LSAs (Link State Advertisements) to build the topology database.
The OSPF protocol uses a complex set of states and messages to ensure that routers form stable and accurate adjacencies with their neighbors. The "2-Way" state is an important part of this process, as it confirms that the neighbor is alive and reachable, and that the routers have agreed on certain parameters like the OSPF area and network type. In the "2-Way" state, the routers have exchanged Hello packets, which contain information like the router ID, the network mask, and the OSPF version. The routers have also agreed on a set of timers for things like the Hello interval, the Dead interval, and the wait time before declaring a neighbor to be unreachable. However, the routers have not yet exchanged any information about the network topology. The router in question has not yet seen its own RID in an LSDB update from the neighbor, which means that it is still waiting for confirmation that the neighbor has received its Hello packet and is ready to form a bidirectional connection. Once the router receives an LSDB update from the neighbor containing its own RID, it enters the "Exstart" state and begins the process of exchanging LSAs to build the topology database. This process involves several more states, like "Exchange," "Loading," and "Full," before the routers finally establish a stable adjacency.
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Linux uses a logical directory tree to organize files into different folders.
True or False?
True. Linux uses a logical directory tree to organize files into different folders. Linux uses a tree-like structure to store and arrange files in directories.
A directory, also known as a folder, is a container for files and other directories. It contains all of the data associated with the files stored in it, such as the file's content and metadata. Linux's directory tree is hierarchical, with directories branching out from the root directory to the other directories.
All of the directories in the tree are related to one another. The top-level directory is the root directory, denoted by a forward slash (/). This directory contains all other directories and files in the file system. As the system administrator, you can create new directories and files in the appropriate folders, assign users and groups to them, and set permissions. Linux directory system provides an organized method for keeping track of files and folders, making it easy to find and manage files. The Linux file system's logical tree structure allows for more secure and efficient access to files. It is an important aspect of the Linux operating system and one that is frequently referenced when dealing with its many features.
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write a program that reads a list of integers and outputs those integers in reverse. the input begins with an integer indicating the number of integer
When you run this program, it will first ask for the number of integers, and then it will read each integer and store it in a list. After that, it reverses the list and outputs the integers in reverse order.
To write a program that reads a list of integers and outputs those integers in reverse, you can follow these steps:
1. Read the first integer from the user, which indicates the number of integers in the list.
2. Create an empty list to store the integers.
3. Use a loop to read the integers one by one and append them to the list.
4. Reverse the list using the reverse() function or slicing.
5. Use another loop to print the reversed integers.
Here's a sample Python program to demonstrate these steps:
```python
# Step 1: Read the first integer indicating the number of integers in the list
num_of_integers = int(input("Enter the number of integers: "))
# Step 2: Create an empty list to store the integers
integer_list = []
# Step 3: Use a loop to read the integers and append them to the list
for i in range(num_of_integers):
integer = int(input("Enter integer #{}: ".format(i + 1)))
integer_list.append(integer)
# Step 4: Reverse the list
integer_list.reverse()
# Step 5: Use a loop to print the reversed integers
print("Reversed integers:")
for integer in integer_list:
print(integer)
```
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Discuss the core technologies and provide examples of where they exist in society. Discuss how the core technologies are part of a larger system
Answer:
Part A
The core technologies are the technologies which make other technologies work or perform their desired tasks
Examples of core technologies and where they exist are;
Thermal technology, which is the technology involving the work production, storage, and transfer using heat energy, exists in our refrigerators, heat engine, and boilers
Electronic technology is the technology that involves the control of the flow of electrons in a circuit through rectification and amplification provided by active devices. Electronic technology can be located in a radio receiver, printed circuit boards (PCB), and mobile phone
Fluid technology is the use of fluid to transmit a force, provide mechanical advantage, and generate power. Fluid technologies can be found in brakes, automatic transmission systems, landing gears, servomechanisms, and pneumatic tools such as syringes
Part B
The core technologies are the subsystems within the larger systems that make the larger systems to work
The thermal technology in a refrigerator makes use of the transfer of heat from a cold region, inside the fridge, to region of higher temperature, by the use of heat exchange and the properties of the coolant when subjected to different amount of compression and expansion
The electronic technologies make it possible to make portable electronic devises such as the mobile phones by the use miniaturized circuit boards that perform several functions and are integrated into a small piece of semiconductor material
Fluid technologies in landing gears provide reliable activation of the undercarriage at all times in almost all conditions such that the landing gears can be activated mechanically without the need for other source of energy
Explanation:
Core technologies includes biotechnology, electrical, electronics, fluid, material, mechanical, and others.
What are core technologies?Core Technologies are known to be the framework of technology systems. The major Core Technologies includes:
Mechanical StructuralMaterials, etc.They are also called "building blocks" of all technology system as without time, technology would not be existing today.
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Consider the following statement which refers to the block
When you execute this block in Scratch, your computer is actually doing several things: retrieving values from memory representing the direction and position of the sprite, performing an algorithm to update these values, and changing the display in the window to match the updated state of the program. All of these actions are represented by just one single block.
Which of the following terms names the phenomenon which is best described by this statement?
Answer:
Abstraction
Explanation:
the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events
Assume the following rule is the only one that styles the body element:_______.
body{
font-family: Cursive, Helvetica, Verdana;
}
What happens if the browser doesn't support any of these font families?
A. The text will be displayed in the default browser font-family
B. The text will not be displayed
C. The text will be displayed in Cursive
Answer:
The answer is A, it will substitute those font families for the default font family.
The aesthetics of a game relate to the look and feel that the game has.
True
False
The aesthetics of a game relate to the look and feel that the game has.
True
False
Distinguish between the physical and logical views of data.
Describe how data is organized: characters, fields, records,
tables, and databases. Define key fields and how they are used to
integrate dat
Physical View vs. Logical View of Data: The physical view of data refers to how data is stored and organized at the physical level, such as the arrangement of data on disk or in memory.
It deals with the actual implementation and storage details. In contrast, the logical view of data focuses on how users perceive and interact with the data, regardless of its physical representation. It describes the conceptual organization and relationships between data elements.
In the physical view, data is stored in binary format using bits and bytes, organized into data blocks or pages on storage devices. It involves considerations like file structures, storage allocation, and access methods. Physical view optimizations aim to enhance data storage efficiency and performance.
On the other hand, the logical view represents data from the user's perspective. It involves defining data structures and relationships using models like the entity-relationship (ER) model or relational model. The logical view focuses on concepts such as tables, attributes, relationships, and constraints, enabling users to query and manipulate data without concerning themselves with the underlying physical storage details.
Data Organization: Characters, Fields, Records, Tables, and Databases:
Data is organized hierarchically into characters, fields, records, tables, and databases.
Characters: Characters are the basic building blocks of data and represent individual symbols, such as letters, numbers, or special characters. They are combined to form meaningful units of information.
Fields: Fields are logical units that group related characters together. They represent a single attribute or characteristic of an entity. For example, in a customer database, a field may represent the customer's name, age, or address.
Records: A record is a collection of related fields that represent a complete set of information about a specific entity or object. It represents a single instance or occurrence of an entity. For instance, a customer record may contain fields for name, address, phone number, and email.
Tables: Tables organize related records into a two-dimensional structure consisting of rows and columns. Each row represents a unique record, and each column represents a specific attribute or field. Tables provide a structured way to store and manage data, following a predefined schema or data model.
Databases: Databases are a collection of interrelated tables that are organized and managed as a single unit. They serve as repositories for storing and retrieving large volumes of data. Databases provide mechanisms for data integrity, security, and efficient data access through query languages like SQL (Structured Query Language).
Key Fields and their Role in Data Integration:
Key fields are specific fields within a table that uniquely identify each record. They play a crucial role in integrating data across multiple tables or databases. A key field ensures data consistency and enables the establishment of relationships between tables. There are different types of key fields:
Primary Key: A primary key is a unique identifier for a record within a table. It ensures the uniqueness and integrity of each record. The primary key serves as the main reference for accessing and manipulating data within a table.
Foreign Key: A foreign key is a field in a table that refers to the primary key of another table. It establishes a relationship between two tables by linking related records. Foreign keys enable data integration by allowing data to be shared and referenced across different tables.
By utilizing primary and foreign keys, data from multiple tables can be integrated based on common relationships. This integration allows for complex queries, data analysis, and retrieval of meaningful insights from interconnected data sources.
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Which of the following are addressed by programing design? Choose all that apply.
Who will work on the programming
The problem being addressed
The goals of the project
The programming language that will be used
Answer:
Its B, D, and E
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Answer:
3/7
B
D
E
4/7
Just a page
5/7
B
C
6/7
Page
7/7
A
B
D
In what ways does a network benefit a company? What is the main drawback to implementing a network?
Why are protocols important for networking?
What are the advantages of a client/server network when compared to a peer-to-peer network?
What factor usually causes LANs to have a higher bandwidth than WANs?
Networks provide efficient communication, data sharing, and resource utilization, but the main drawback is the potential for security risks and vulnerabilities.
What are the benefits and drawbacks of implementing a network in a company?A network benefits a company in several ways. It facilitates efficient communication and data sharing among employees, improves collaboration and productivity, enables centralized data storage and backup, enhances resource sharing (such as printers and scanners), enables remote access and mobility, and supports the integration of various systems and applications.
The main drawback of implementing a network is the potential for security risks and vulnerabilities. Networks can be prone to unauthorized access, data breaches, malware attacks, and other cybersecurity threats if not properly secured and monitored.
Protocols are important for networking as they define a set of rules and conventions that govern communication between network devices. They ensure standardized data exchange, enable devices from different vendors to communicate effectively, facilitate error detection and correction, support data integrity, and provide guidelines for network management and troubleshooting.
Advantages of a client/server network over a peer-to-peer network include centralized control and administration, improved security and access control, centralized data storage and backup, efficient resource utilization, scalability to support larger networks, and better performance for resource-intensive applications.
LANs (Local Area Networks) typically have higher bandwidth than WANs (Wide Area Networks) due to their smaller geographical scope. LANs are confined to a limited area, such as a single building or campus, allowing for faster data transmission rates over shorter distances.
WANs, on the other hand, cover larger geographic areas and rely on external connections, such as leased lines or internet connections, which can introduce latency and limitations in bandwidth.
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How do you write mathematical expressions that combine variable and literal data
Variables, literal values (text or integers), and operators specify how the expression's other elements are to be evaluated. Expressions in Miva Script can generally be applied in one of two ways: Add a fresh value.
What connection exists between literals and variables?Literals are unprocessed data or values that are kept in a constant or variable. Variables can have their values updated and modified since they are changeable. Because constants are immutable, their values can never be updated or changed. Depending on the type of literal employed, literals can be changed or remain unchanged.
What kind of expression has one or more variables?The concept of algebraic expressions is the use of letters or alphabets to represent numbers without providing their precise values. We learned how to express an unknown value using letters like x, y, and z in the fundamentals of algebra. Here, we refer to these letters as variables.
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Choose the following "for" loops that repeat 5 times. Mark all that apply.
A. for i in range(5,10)
B. for i in range(1,5)
C. for i in range(10,2)
D. for i in range(5)
Answer:
The answer would A
Explanation:
Which TWO statements describe the functions of wireless media?
require metal shielding to prevent data transmission losses
transmit signals on a network through cables.
used for network connectivity on cell phones, iPads, and laptops
converts signals from digital to analog when transferring data
data is carried through radio, infrared, and microwave signals
Wireless media eliminates the need for physical connections, allowing for greater mobility and flexibility in accessing and transferring data.
It enables communication between devices without the limitations imposed by cables, making it a convenient and widely used technology in today's digital age.
The two statements that describe the functions of wireless media are:
1. Used for network connectivity on cell phones, iPads, and laptops.
2. Data is carried through radio, infrared, and microwave signals.
1. Wireless media, such as Wi-Fi and cellular networks, provide network connectivity to mobile devices like cell phones, iPads, and laptops. These devices can access the internet and communicate with other devices without the need for physical cables.
2. Data is transmitted through wireless media using radio, infrared, and microwave signals. These signals carry digital information wirelessly from one device to another. Radio signals are commonly used for Wi-Fi and cellular communication, while infrared signals are used for short-range communication. Microwave signals, on the other hand, can transmit data over longer distances and are used in technologies like satellite communication and microwave links.
Wireless media eliminates the need for physical connections, allowing for greater mobility and flexibility in accessing and transferring data. It enables communication between devices without the limitations imposed by cables, making it a convenient and widely used technology in today's digital age.
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What two information technology trends helped drive the need for virtualization?
The two information technology trends that helped drive the need for virtualization are the increasing demand for computing power and the need for efficient resource utilization.
Virtualization enables a single physical server to host multiple virtual machines, each running its own operating system, which maximizes the use of available resources. This approach helps to address the growing demand for computing power and efficient resource utilization by enabling more workloads to be consolidated onto fewer physical servers. Additionally, virtualization allows for greater flexibility in managing IT resources and reduces hardware costs by eliminating the need for dedicated physical servers for each workload.
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the process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchased disc and saving it on digital media is called ____.
Answer:
The process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchased disc and saving it on digital media is called ripping.
Explanation:
Ripping is the process of extracting content from CDs, DVDs, disks, etc.
Twitpic, Flickr, and Photobucket are all examples of: a. microblogs. b. corporate blogs. c. media sharing sites. d. virtual worlds.
The answer is c. media sharing sites. Twitpic, Flickr, and Photobucket are all examples of websites that allow users to upload, store, and share photos and other media content online.
These websites provide users with a platform to showcase their work, share photos with friends and family, or host images for use on other websites or social media. Users can upload their photos and other media content to the site and organize them into albums or categories. They can also share their content with others through links, social media, or embed codes. Unlike microblogs or virtual worlds, media sharing sites focus specifically on photo and media sharing.
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What is a small file deposited on a hard drive by a website containing information about customers and their web activities?.
Answer:
Cookies.
Explanation:
It is a small text file that a website can place on your computer's hard drive to collect information about your activities on the site or to allow the site to remember information about you and your activities.
Fill in the blank with the correct term.
A _____ sort starts by comparing the first item in the list to the remaining items, and swaps where the first item is greater than the later item.
Then it compares the second item in the list to the rest.
This continues until it compares the second last item to the last item.
A typical IT infrastructure has seven domains: User Domain, Workstation Domain, LAN Domain, LAN-to-WAN Domain, WAN Domain, Remote Access Domain, and System/Application Domain. Each domain requires proper security controls that must meet the requirements of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Question 1
In your opinion, which domain is the most difficult to monitor for malicious activity? Why? and which domain is the most difficult to protect? Why?
The most difficult domain to monitor for malicious activity in an IT infrastructure is the Remote Access Domain, while the most difficult domain to protect is the System/Application Domain.
The Remote Access Domain is challenging to monitor due to the nature of remote connections. It involves users accessing the network and systems from outside the organization's physical boundaries, often through virtual private networks (VPNs) or other remote access methods.
The distributed nature of remote access makes it harder to track and detect potential malicious activity, as it may originate from various locations and devices. Monitoring user behavior, network traffic, and authentication attempts becomes complex in this domain.
On the other hand, the System/Application Domain is the most challenging to protect. It encompasses the critical systems, applications, and data within the infrastructure. Protecting this domain involves securing sensitive information, implementing access controls, and ensuring the availability and integrity of systems and applications.
The complexity lies in the constant evolution of threats targeting vulnerabilities in applications and the need to balance security measures with usability and functionality.
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Why do authors use 3rd point of view?
In a way that would not be conceivable in strictly first-person narration, the third-person omniscient point of view enables readers to get a glance inside a character's head, hear their inner thoughts, and comprehend the motivations of a variety of different characters.
What is omniscient?Some philosophers, including Patrick Grim, Linda Zagzebski, Stephan Torre, and William Mander, have debated whether God's omniscience may coexist with the seeming exclusive first-person nature of conscious experience.
There is a strong sensation that conscious experience is private, that no one else can know what it feels like for me to be me as I am.
The question is whether God is also subject to the constraint that a subject cannot objectively know what it is like to be another subject.
If so, God cannot be claimed to be omniscient because there would then be a type of knowledge that He is not privy to.
Hence, In a way that would not be conceivable in strictly first-person narration, the third-person omniscient point of view enables readers to get a glance inside a character's head, hear their inner thoughts, and comprehend the motivations of a variety of different characters.
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smart tv has _____ intergrated with it
Answer:
an operating system
Explanation:
6. 5 Code Practice
Instructions
You should see the following code in your programming environment:
import simplegui
def draw_handler(canvas):
# your code goes here
frame = simplegui. Create_frame('Testing', 600, 600)
frame. Set_canvas_background("Black")
frame. Set_draw_handler(draw_handler)
frame. Start()
Using the house program we started in Lesson 6. 5 as a foundation, modify the code to add to the house drawing. Make additions to your house such as windows, doors, and a roof to personalize it
Answer:
6. 5 Code Practice
Instructions
You should see the following code in your programming environment:
import simplegui
def draw_handler(canvas):
# your code goes here
frame = simplegui. Create_frame('Testing', 600, 600)
frame. Set_canvas_background("Black")
frame. Set_draw_handler(draw_handler)
frame. Start()
Using the house program we started in Lesson 6. 5 as a foundation, modify the code to add to the house drawing. Make additions to your house such as windows, doors, and a roof to personalize it
Explanation:
def draw_handler(canvas):
# draw the house
canvas.draw_polygon([(100, 300), (100, 200), (200, 150), (300, 200), (300, 300)], 2, "White", "Brown")
# draw the windows
canvas.draw_polygon([(130, 250), (130, 220), (160, 220), (160, 250)], 2, "White", "White")
canvas.draw_polygon([(240, 250), (240, 220), (270, 220), (270, 250)], 2, "White", "White")
# draw the door
canvas.draw_polygon([(175, 300), (175, 240), (225, 240), (225, 300)], 2, "White", "Red")
# draw the roof
canvas.draw_polygon([(100, 200), (200, 150), (300, 200)], 2, "White", "Gray")
frame = simplegui.create_frame('Testing', 600, 600)
frame.set_canvas_background("Black")
frame.set_draw_handler(draw_handler)
frame.start()
You want the output to be left justified in a field that is nine characters wide. What format string do you need?
print('{: __ __ }' .format(23)
Answer:
> and 8
Explanation:
> and 8 format string one will need in this particular input of the java string.
What is a format string?The Format String is the contention of the Format Function and is an ASCII Z string that contains text and configuration boundaries, as printf. The parameter as %x %s characterizes the sort of transformation of the format function.
Python String design() is a capability used to supplant, substitute, or convert the string with placeholders with legitimate qualities in the last string. It is an inherent capability of the Python string class, which returns the designed string as a result.
The '8' specifies the field width of the input The Format String is the contention of the Configuration Capability and is an ASCII Z string that contains the text.
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Which is not considered a defining characteristic of big data?
Big data is a term used to describe datasets that are so large and complex that traditional data processing methods and tools are inadequate to handle them.
It is characterized by the 3Vs - volume, velocity, and variety - and often requires advanced technologies and techniques to store, process, and analyze the data.One defining characteristic of big data is that it requires specialized tools and technologies to process and analyze the data efficiently. Another is that big data can come from a wide variety of sources, including social media, sensors, devices, and other sources, making it heterogeneous in nature. Additionally, big data is often unstructured or semi-structured, and it may require significant preprocessing to transform it into a usable format.Therefore, all of the above characteristics are defining characteristics of big data. None of them are excluded or not considered defining characteristics of big data.
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HELP
AUDIO AND VIDEO
Which camera setting does this statement describe? The __________ of the camera determines the brightness or darkness of an image
Answer:
Aperture
Explanation:
The Aperture of the camera determines the brightness or darkness of an image
Explain why certain locations in the
United States are in "dead zones” where cell
phones cannot send or receive messages.
Answer:
Since cell towers are not uniformly distributed, certain areas will fall into a dead zone. ... Obstructions: Trees, hills, mountains, high rise buildings and certain building materials tend to interfere with the transmission of cell signals and may block them out entirely.
can someone help me with this trace table - its computer science
TThe while loop keeps going until count is greater than or equal to 10.
count = 0, sum = 0
count = 2, sum =2
count = 4, sum = 6
count = 6, sum = 12
count = 8, sum = 20
count = 10, sum = 30
Now that count is equal to 10, it exits the while loop and the program ends. The values above complete your trace table.
Group of programs are software
Answer:
yes it is
true
Explanation:
group of programs are software