1. A diploid cell in the male (spermatocyte) undergoes meiosis I and II and produces how many sperm?
2. A diploid cell in the female (oocyte) undergoes meiosis I and II and produces how many eggs? Be careful. Four cells result, but they combine to form how many eggs?
3. The three polar bodies never fully mature into eggs. They are absorbed into the largest cell. This gives the egg more nutrients to use if fertilized because it is a long journey from fertilization in the Fallopian tube until implantation in the uterus. Which cell is larger, the egg or the sperm cell?
Answers
1. The final product of spermatogenesis is four haploid sperm cells from the initial diploid cell.
A diploid cell in the male (spermatocyte) undergoes meiosis I and II and produces four haploid sperms. It is important to note that meiosis I produces two secondary spermatocytes while meiosis II produces four haploid spermatids. The final product of spermatogenesis is four haploid sperm cells from the initial diploid cell.
2. A diploid cell in the female (oocyte) undergoes meiosis I and II and produces one mature egg and three polar bodies. The three polar bodies produced from meiosis I and II in the female do not fully mature into eggs and are absorbed into the largest cell.
Although four cells result, they combine to form one mature egg. 3. The egg cell is larger than the sperm cell. The egg cell (also called ovum) is one of the largest cells in the human body,with a diameter of about 0.1-0.2mm. The sperm cell, on the other hand, is much smaller, with a head diameter of about 4-5 µm and a tail length of about 50 µm. Thus, the egg cell is about 2000 times larger than the sperm cell.
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Related Questions
Does each square on a "punnet square" represent 4 offspring or does it represent the odds of one offspring?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Punnet square is a square diagram used to predict the genotypes of the offspring of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
It represent 4 offsprings of the cross between two parents. Each punnet contain the alleles in the right combination and proportion.
Punnet square is use to determine the percentages of different genotypes present in the offspring of two parents and to determine missing alleles in a cross.
it can also be used to predict the percentages of phenotypes in the offspring usually from a parents with known genotypes.
A characteristic sign of heart failure or bilateral chronic venous insufficiency is:_________
Answers
A characteristic sign of heart failure or bilateral chronic venous insufficiency is bilateral ankle.
What is chronic venous insufficiency?Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when your leg veins don’t allow blood to flow copy to your heart.Normally, the valves in your veins ensure that blood flows toward your heart. But when these valves don’t work well, blood also can flow backwards. this will cause blood to collect (pool) in your legs.Treatment may include:Improving blood flow in your leg veins: Keeping your legs raised (elevated) can reduce swelling and help increase blood flowMedicines: Medicines that increase blood flow through the vessels are also used alongside with compression therapy that will help in healing of leg ulcers. Aspirin also can be used to help ulcers heal.Endo venous laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation (RFA): This is a minimally invasive procedure. The affected vein is inserted with a tube that provides heat. This closes the vein. Once the vein is closed, less blood pools in the leg.Sclerotherapy: the affected veins are injected with a chemical. The chemical will cause scarring in the veins which as a result, they can no longer carry blood. Blood then returns to the heart through other veins.Surgery: This is often done in severe cases. Ligation may be a type of surgery that may be used. The affected vein is tied off in order that blood no longer flows through it. If the vein or its valves are heavily damaged, the vein are going to be removed. this is often called vein stripping.To learn more about chronic venous insufficiency: https://brainly.com/question/7112592
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14. Would that evidence hold up in court today?
Answers
Identify a difference between the covalent bonds within a water molecule and the hydrogen bonds that form between different water molecules
Answers
A difference between the covalent bonds within a water molecule and the hydrogen bonds that form between different water molecules is hydrogen bonds are weaker bonds than covalent bonds.
A covalent bond is a bond formed by the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. This bond in water occurs when the bond between the O atom and two H atoms in the molecule. This gathering of atoms has a high stability. This is why covalent bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds are bonds that form between molecules that are highly polar and contain hydrogen atoms. This bond occurs when a molecule having N, O, or F atoms has a lone pair of electron pairs which then other molecules will bond with that lone pair of electrons. When a water molecule forms a hydrogen bond with the negative end of one molecule attracting the positive end of another molecule. So the difference between the hydrogen bonds that form in water molecules has a weaker bond than covalent bonds.
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what organism in this diagram is a secondary consumer
Answers
Answer:
upload the picture or tell me which order the animals and what they are in and i will be able to anwser within the comment's
Explanation:
Which line represents a reaction with an enzyme? (A or B)
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Line b is closer to the enzyme, and that is making it closer to the reactants and the products. the course of reactants is going right, and the top line is going left, so there fore it is the bottom line, or line b.
A directional response that allows plants to grow towards light is called:
Answers
Answer:
Phototropism
Explanation:
It is the directional response that allows plant to grow towards or in some cases away from a a source of light
Positive feedback occurs when (choose two correct answers below):
Select one or more:
a.the response is opposite of the stimulus (reduces the stimulus)
b. the response continues to be amplified (increases the stimulus)
c.a heating system keeping the temperature of a room at a certain temperature
d.the uterus contracts during the birth of a baby
Answers
Answer:
d and b
Explanation:
If red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution and you measured the $%$ hematocrit, which of the following would be true?
this solution would yield a lower % hematocrit than a solution under noal conditions
this solution would yield a higher % hematocrit than a solution under noal conditions
this solution would have comparable % hematocrit to an isotonic solution
there would be $0 hematocrit because all the cells lysed
Answers
If red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution and you measured the % hematocrit, the following would be true: This solution would yield a higher % hematocrit than a solution under normal conditions.
Hematocrit (HCT) is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. It is calculated by dividing the volume of packed red blood cells by the total volume of blood (plasma and cells). A typical hematocrit value for healthy individuals is between 40% and 52% for males and 37% and 47% for females. A hypertonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside the cell.
When red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cells to shrink and become more concentrated. As a result of the red blood cells shrinking in a hypertonic solution, the percentage of red blood cells in the blood increases. As a result, the hematocrit percentage will be higher than in normal conditions.
Therefore, the statement, "This solution would yield a higher % hematocrit than a solution under normal conditions" is correct.
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Which scenario would be most likely to promote the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms between two similar species in a hybrid zone
Answers
Prezygotic isolating mechanisms are used to stop hybridization before fertilization occurs.
The fact that there are genetic differences between species and the fact that individuals from distinct species do not typically interbreed has helped to maintain species diversity. When a hybrid zone exists between two species, there are a few things that might promote the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms. One of the factors is habitat isolation. When two species occur in the same geographic region but occupy different habitats, this makes it less likely for them to mate and reproduce with each other. Habitat isolation can drive the evolution of prezygotic isolation in hybrid zones. This is because individuals from different species may not be exposed to each other often enough to form a bond.
Habitat isolation may be the most likely scenario to promote the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms between two similar species in a hybrid zone. It is crucial to remember that prezygotic isolating mechanisms may evolve as a result of a variety of factors, but habitat isolation is one of the most significant factors.
Prezygotic isolating mechanisms are crucial for maintaining species diversity and preventing hybridization. Habitat isolation is one of the factors that can promote the evolution of prezygotic isolation in hybrid zones. It is crucial to remember that prezygotic isolating mechanisms may evolve as a result of a variety of factors, but habitat isolation is one of the most significant factors.
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What happens when scientists turn off the gene that makes beaks in birds? A) birds have a large opening where the beak should be. B) Birds do not have any opening for their mouth. C) birds grow mouths with teeth that resemble alligator teeth. D) the birds grow mouths without any teeth.
Answers
Answer:
A) birds have a large opening where the beak should be.
Explanation:
when scientists turn off the gene that makes beaks in birds, the birds have a mouth where no teeth are present. The birds have mouth because the bird resembles and closely related to the dinosaur. There are some proteins that is responsible for the occurrence of beak but when the genes are turn off these protein stop producing that leads to turn the beak place into mouth.
what is the function of the highlighted structure? supplies somatic sensory fibers to chochlea supplies proprioceptive impulses from the medial rectus to the brain supplies somatic motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle supplies somatic motor fibers to the chewing muscles
Answers
The function of the highlighted structure is option A: to supply cochlea with somatic sensory fibers.
The cochlea receives somatic sensory fibers from the highlighted structure. All spinal nerves, with the possible exception of the first cervical, contain somatic sensory fibers, which are afferent fibers that develop from neurons in sensory ganglia.
They transmit impulses of pain, touch, and temperature from the body's surface through the dorsal roots to the spinal cord as well as impulses of muscle, tendon, and joint sense from the deeper structures.
Motor and sensory impulses are sent to and from the central nervous system (CNS) by the somatic nervous system. We are able to regulate our physical movements and process four of the five senses—smell, sound, taste, and touch—thanks to this physiological system.
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Correct question is:
What is the function of the highlighted structure? Refer the image.
supplies somatic sensory fibers to cochlea
supplies proprioceptive impulses from the medial rectus to the brain
supplies somatic motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle
supplies somatic motor fibers to the chewing muscles
A widespread population of the miniature burrowing pig (Microscrofus troglodytes) is thought to actually consist of smaller local breeding units either side of an ecotone. 120 individuals were sampled across this distribution and genotyped for the AbClocus. The results were as follows: Is this population in HWE? Test using the chi-square test. Show working. If not, how does it deviate from HW expectation? What is the result? Do the data support the original hypothesis? Can you think of any other explanation? How might you test your hypotheses further?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
To determine whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for the Ab locus, we need to compare the observed genotype frequencies with the expected frequencies under HWE assumptions. The expected genotype frequencies under HWE can be calculated using the allele frequencies observed in the population.
Let's assume that the Ab locus has two alleles, A and B. We'll denote the allele frequencies as p and q, respectively, and the expected genotype frequencies under HWE as p^2 (AA), 2pq (AB), and q^2 (BB).
Given the genotyping data, we can analyze the observed genotype frequencies and calculate the expected frequencies. Let's say we obtained the following counts:
AA: 45 individuals
AB: 60 individuals
BB: 15 individuals
To determine the allele frequencies, we can calculate the allele counts. Let's denote the frequency of allele A as p and allele B as q.
Count(A) = 2 * AA + AB = 2 * 45 + 60 = 150
Count(B) = 2 * BB + AB = 2 * 15 + 60 = 90
Total count = Count(A) + Count(B) = 150 + 90 = 240
p = Count(A) / Total count = 150 / 240 = 0.625
q = Count(B) / Total count = 90 / 240 = 0.375
Now, we can calculate the expected genotype frequencies under HWE:
p^2 = (0.625)^2 = 0.390625
2pq = 2 * 0.625 * 0.375 = 0.46875
q^2 = (0.375)^2 = 0.140625
To determine whether the population is in HWE, we can perform a chi-square test using the observed and expected genotype frequencies.
Observed:
AA: 45 individuals
AB: 60 individuals
BB: 15 individuals
Expected (calculated above):
AA: (0.390625) * 120 = 46.875
AB: (0.46875) * 120 = 56.25
BB: (0.140625) * 120 = 16.875
To conduct the chi-square test, we compare the observed and expected frequencies for each genotype and calculate the chi-square statistic:
Chi-square = Σ [(Observed - Expected)^2 / Expected]
Calculating for each genotype:
AA: [(45 - 46.875)^2 / 46.875] = 0.07602
AB: [(60 - 56.25)^2 / 56.25] = 0.26765
BB: [(15 - 16.875)^2 / 16.875] = 0.10741
Summing the values:
Chi-square = 0.07602 + 0.26765 + 0.10741 = 0.45108
Degrees of freedom (df) = Number of genotypes - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2
To determine whether the population is in HWE, we compare the chi-square statistic with the critical value from the chi-square distribution table for the given significance level and degrees of freedom. If the calculated chi-square value exceeds the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis of HWE.
Alternatively, we can use statistical software or an online chi-square calculator to obtain the p-value associated with the calculated chi-square value. If the p-value is below the chosen significance level (e.g., 0.05), we reject the null hypothesis.
Further analysis:
If the population is not in HWE, it suggests that there are deviations from the expected genotype frequencies. The deviations could indicate factors such as non-random mating, genetic drift, selection, mutation, or migration.
To explore the deviations further and understand the factors contributing to the population's deviation from HWE, additional investigations can be conducted. These might include:
1. Investigating mating patterns: Assessing whether individuals are preferentially mating with individuals of certain genotypes or from specific breeding units.
2. Genetic drift: Analyzing the population size and potential bottlenecks or founder effects that could contribute to deviations from HWE.
3. Selection: Examining whether natural selection is acting on the Ab locus, leading to deviations from expected genotype frequencies.
4. Mutation and migration: Assessing the potential impact of new mutations or migration from other populations on the observed genotype frequencies.
By conducting these additional investigations, we can gain a better understanding of the factors influencing the population's deviation from HWE and further test the original hypothesis.
does all surface runoff move directly into rivers, lakes, and oceans? Explain
Answers
Answer:
Not all surface runoff moves directly into rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some of the water seeps into the ground. It is called groundwater.
Explanation:
Answer: Not all surface runoff moves directly into rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some of the water seeps into the ground. It is called groundwater. - the other person said this as well- they are also correctt
Explanation:
Which scientist determined that electrons had predicted zones orbiting the nucleus? Rutherford Bohr Dalton Schrödinger
Answers
Answer:
Neils Bohr
Explanation:
Niels Bohr proposed a model of the atom in which the electron was able to occupy only certain orbits around the nucleus. This atomic model was the first to use quantum theory, in that the electrons were limited to specific orbits around the nucleus.
Answer:
Which scientist determined that electrons had predicted zones orbiting the nucleus?
Bohr Is the Correct Answer!
xXxAnimexXx
Happy labor day! :D
what is role of degenerating corpus luteum if fertilisation takes place in the Fallopian tube?
Answers
Explanation:
the main purpose of the corpus luteum is that it pulses out hormones, including progesterone. But if the egg isn't fertilised, the corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone.
What does the pancreas, shown in the image below, do? Pindal, Hypothalamus, and Pluſlary glanda) Thyroid Pancreas ONION 2) A. Regulates the pituitary gland. B. Releases insulin if blood sugar levels get too high C. Releases hormones to regulate the endocrine system D. Releases a hormone if blood calcium levels get too high
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Describe the general functions of the major systems of the human body.
Answers
Answer:
Integumentary System: acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world (ie. skin, hair, and nails)
Circulatory System: carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, carries waste away from cells (ie. heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries))
Digestive System: converts food into molecules that can be used by cells (ie. mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
Respiratory System: provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body (ie. nose, mouth, pharynx (throat), trachea, and lungs)
Immune System: fights off illness and disease (ie. lymph nodes, white blood cells, and spleen)
Muscular System: allows for movement (ie. cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles, and smooth muscles)
Nervous System: coordinates all body functions, sends signals to and from all parts of the body (ie. brain, spinal cord, and neurons)
Skeletal System: support the body, protect internal organs, store minerals (ie. bones and joints)
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TERHAD
(c) Amin mengumpul dan membakar daun kering. Asap telah menyebabkan
matanya berkedip.
Amin collected and burned the dry leaves. The smoke made his eyes blinked.
Terangkan jenis gerak balas dan kepentingannya.
Explain the type of response and its importance.
[2 markah
Answers
Answer:
o think this question is asked two times right
Find the reasoning sentences and evidence in the paragraph with exact quotes.
“A common type of asexual reproduction found in nature is called mitosis. mitosis requires less energy than sexual reproduction does. Mitosis can occur in seconds and does not require a mate to reproduce. Sexual reproduction requires two compatible parents. It also requires time to produce the egg and sperm cells and then for fertilization to occur. Energy is required to find a compatible mate, produce sex cells and for fertilization. Therefore Mitosis requires less energy than sexual reproduction does.”
Answers
The sentence; "Mitosis requires less energy than sexual reproduction does." is a reasoning sentence.
What is the reason?Reasoning sentence 1: "Mitosis requires less energy than sexual reproduction does."
Evidence 1: "mitosis requires less energy than se--xual reproduction does."
Reasoning sentence 2: "Mitosis can occur in seconds and does not require a mate to reproduce."
Evidence 2: "Mitosis can occur in seconds and does not require a mate to reproduce."
Reasoning sentence 3: "Se---xual reproduction requires two compatible parents. It also requires time to produce the egg and sperm cells and then for fertilization to occur."
Evidence 3: "Se---xual reproduction requires two compatible parents. It also requires time to produce the egg and sperm cells and then for fertilization to occur."
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What type of temperatures will the enzyme shown in Graph (a) work best?
Answers
What is classification? Why is it necessary to classify animals and plants?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Scientists use Taxonomy, the science of classifying living things, in order to make sense of biodiversity and how living things are related. For example, the classification of species is important in light of a changing environment because it helps scientists keep track of endangered species and what new species were formed because of the environmental change.
choose five word roots related to a part of the body. add different prefixes and/or suffixes to the word root to create at least three different terms for each body part.
Answers
Body parts and their word roots.
The human body is composed of several parts that serve various functions.
In the medical field, many words are used to describe different body parts, which can help one to understand various conditions and diseases.
Below are some of the common word roots related to parts of the body.
1. Crani- (skull) Craniology, Craniometry, Cranioscopy
2. Cardio- (heart) Cardiology, Cardiovascular, Cardiothoracic
3. Derma- (skin) Dermatology, Dermatosis, Dermatomyositis
4. Gastro- (stomach) Gastroscopy, Gastroenterology, Gastroesophageal
5. Osteo- (bone) Osteomyelitis, Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia
Body parts and their prefixes and/or suffixes:
Prefixes are letters added to the beginning of a word root to change its meaning. For instance, pre- is a prefix that means before, as in prehistoric.
Suffixes are letters added to the end of a word root to change its meaning. For example, -tion is a suffix that turns the verb into a noun, as in action.
1. Crani- (skull) Decraniated, Hypercrania, Craniocerebral
2. Cardio- (heart) Cardioverter, Cardioversion, Cardiomegaly
3. Derma- (skin) Dermatopathy, Dermatologist, Dermatogenic
4. Gastro- (stomach) Gastritis, Gastroscopy, Gastrology
5. Osteo- (bone) Osteocyte, Osteoblast, Osteopathy
Note that the word roots are listed first, and different prefixes and suffixes are used to create the other terms.
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Explain how genetic engineering has impacted the fields of medicine, forensics, and
agriculture (e. G. , selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms,
gene therapy).
Answers
Genetic engineering, often known as genetic modification, is a technique that modifies an organism's DNA through the use of technology developed in laboratories.
In the field of medicine, bacteria that can produce human growth hormone, human insulin, alpha interferon, a hepatitis B vaccine, and other medically beneficial chemicals have been developed using recombinant DNA technology.
Agriculture has previously made substantial use of genetic engineering to improve organisms, particularly in the form of genetically modified (GM) crops (also known as GMO —genetically modified organisms). For instance, crops and livestock have been genetically altered to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides, allowing farmers to use such substances to manage weeds and insects on those crops without running the risk of causing plant damage.
The variances are largely used in forensic applications of DNA typing to personal identification. Advances in molecular genetics have made it possible to analyze the person-to-person variations in sections of DNA that are not involved in coding for proteins.
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Peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope is an ideal target for antibiotics because ______.
Answers
Since antibiotics prevent bacterial growth and replication by interfering with the bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope makes a perfect target for them.
One of the antibiotics that attack the bacterial cell wall in order to work is penicillin. The drugs specifically prevent the bacteria from forming peptidoglycan, a substance that provides their cell walls the tenacity they require to survive inside of humans. Simply put, many antibiotics, including vancomycin, which like beta-lactam antibiotics targets the peptidoglycan in the cell wall, are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria because they do not possess the molecular characteristics required to effectively use these pathways to breach the outer membrane.learn more about Peptidoglycan here: https://brainly.com/question/24180542
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A day in the life of a bird short essay
Answers
explain how the invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane are related to mitochondrial function.
Answers
The invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane, also known as cristae, are related to mitochondrial function in several ways.
Cristae increase the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane, allowing for more proteins and enzymes to be embedded and thus increasing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, the process by which ATP is produced in mitochondria. Cristae also contain specialized proteins involved in electron transport, which play a critical role in generating the proton motive force needed to drive ATP synthesis.
Additionally, the unique shape and arrangement of cristae help facilitate the efficient exchange of metabolites between the matrix and intermembrane space, ensuring that the necessary substrates are available for mitochondrial metabolism. Overall, the structure of cristae is essential for mitochondrial function and efficient energy production.
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Aside from human impact, which of the following causes less water vapor production over a small area?
decrease in evaporation
increase in evaporation
movement of water to new locations
reduction of groundwater supply
Answers
A decrease in evaporation would cause less water vapor production over a small area.
Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas, and it is a major source of water vapor in the atmosphere. When evaporation decreases, less water is converted into water vapor and released into the air.
This can occur due to a number of factors, such as cooler temperatures, decreased sunlight, or changes in humidity levels.
An increase in evaporation would have the opposite effect, causing more water vapor to be produced over a small area.
The movement of water to new locations or a reduction of groundwater supply would not necessarily have a direct impact on evaporation and water vapor production, although they could indirectly affect these processes by changing the availability of water in a particular area.
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The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a(n) The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a(n) algae. chytrid. yeast. protist. fungus.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - protist.
Explanation:
Protist is a single-celled eukaryote that contains organelles. It is the last common ancestor of all animals as is consider as most primitive animal cells as it has no cell wall but contains the nucleus and other double-membrane organelles. The protists are the cell that distinguishes fungus, plant cells, and animal cells into these three different kingdoms.
Thus, the correct answer is - protist.
Kristen wants to find out the sex of her fetus. When should she schedule her sonogram?
A) ten weeks
B) twenty-four weeks
C) twelve weeks
D) six weeks
Answers
Answer:
B, Kristen can find out the sex of her fetus using ultrasound as early as 14 weeks but most doctors schedule an ultrasound at around 18 to 21 weeks