(05.05 mc how many moles of water are produced when 5 moles of hydrogen gas react with 2 moles of oxygen gas? (5 points select one: a.2 moles of water b.4 moles of water c.5 moles of water d.7 moles of water​

Answers

Answer 1

4 moles of water (option b) are produced when 5 moles of hydrogen gas react with 2 moles of oxygen gas.

To determine how many moles of water are produced when 5 moles of hydrogen gas react with 2 moles of oxygen gas, you need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

2H₂ (hydrogen) + O₂ (oxygen) → 2H₂O (water)

From the equation, you can see that 2 moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of oxygen gas to produce 2 moles of water. To find out how many moles of water are produced in your scenario:

Step 1: Determine the limiting reactant. Hydrogen is present in excess (5 moles) compared to oxygen (2 moles). Oxygen will be the limiting reactant since it is present in a smaller amount.

Step 2: Calculate the moles of water produced using the stoichiometric ratios in the balanced equation. Since 1 mole of oxygen gas can produce 2 moles of water, 2 moles of oxygen gas will produce:

2 moles O₂ × (2 moles H₂O / 1 mole O₂) = 4 moles of water

Therefore, the answer is b. 4 moles of water are produced.

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Related Questions

if you mistakenly extract the solution first with naoh (aq), and then with nahco3(aq), what results you will observe and why?

Answers

The NaOH extraction step would remove some acidic components, while the NaHCO3 extraction step may have limited effect if the significant acidic components have already been neutralized.

If you mistakenly extract a solution first with NaOH (aq) and then with NaHCO3 (aq), you would observe the following results:

NaOH Extraction:

When NaOH (aq) is added to the solution, it will react with acidic components present in the solution, such as carboxylic acids, phenols, or acidic functional groups. This reaction results in the formation of water-soluble salts or compounds, which will dissolve in the aqueous NaOH solution. As a result, the acidic components will be removed from the solution.

NaHCO3 Extraction:

When NaHCO3 (aq) is added to the remaining solution from the previous step, it will react with acidic components that were not neutralized by NaOH. NaHCO3 is a weaker base compared to NaOH and is primarily used to extract acidic compounds such as phenols and carboxylic acids. These acidic components will react with NaHCO3 to form water-soluble salts, which will dissolve in the aqueous NaHCO3 solution.

However, if NaOH is mistakenly used first, it is possible that some acidic components in the solution may have already reacted and been removed in the previous step. Therefore, the NaHCO3 extraction step may not yield significant additional changes or observable results.The results of mistakenly extracting the solution first with NaOH (aq) and then with NaHCO3 (aq) would depend on the nature and concentration of the acidic components present in the solution.

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Which element has the greatest average atomic mass? A. iodine B. bromine C. tellurium D. krypton

Answers

The Greatest Atomic Mass Out Of These Elements Is A Iodine

Describe how the composition of gases changes as you travel up through Earth’s atmosphere

Answers

Explanation:

The composition of the gases never changes until the mesosphere and the thermosphere. -carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane are only found in the troposphere. -Permanent gases stay the same until you reach the thermosphere.

is seh4 ionic or molecular

Answers

\(SeH_4^{2+}\) is ionic, SeH4 is  inorganic compound. tetrahydridoselenonium is a  dication \(SeH_4^{2+}\).

Is seh4 ionic or molecular?tetrahydridoselenonium is a  dication \(SeH_4^{2+}\).As a result, they are molecules. We now have S. E. H. Four, as per the second portion. Since then, it is CH 4, and since carbon and hydrogen are not present together, they are inorganic inorganic compounds rather than organic molecules.Compounds classified as organic are those derived either directly or indirectly from plants and animals. Inorganic compounds are those that are created from minerals.The difference in electronegativity between the linked atoms must be smaller than 1.8 in order for there to be a covalent connection. Therefore, each of the bonds between Se and F is a covalent bond. In conclusion, SeF4 (Se e F 4) is a covalent molecule.

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⚠️⚠️What is kinetic energy ? ⚠️⚠️

Energy of work
Energy of movement
Energy of gravity
Energy of power

⚠️⚠️PLEASE HELP IM BEING TIMED⚠️⚠️⚠️

Answers

Answer:

Energy of Movement.

Explanation:

Have a great day!

what is the product 100g and 150g

Answers

Answer:

15000 g

Explanation:

We simply multiply 100 grams with 150 grams to get 1.5(10⁴) grams.

Answer:

0.015 kg2

Explanation:

The temperature of water at the bottom of the deep ocean near the equator is likely to be closest to

12 Celsius

19 Celsius

50 Celsius

2 Celsius

Answers

Answer:

Four folk love legends: "Cowhand and Weaver Girl", "Meng Jiangnu crying at the Great Wall" (cry Wan Xiliang), "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "The Legend of the White Snake", the author does not know

The development history of the Four ancient Chinese folk legends: China is a country with a vast territory and abundant resources and a long history, which contains extremely rich national cultural heritage. Among them, the four most Chinese ones are the famous "Cowhand and Weaver Girl", "Meng Jiangnu", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" and "The Legend of the White Snake". The most widespread, the most influential.

Brief introduction: the gigolo knit legend began in the book of songs, cable ":" Qi he vega ", "Huan he cow". "Nineteen Ancient Poems · Long Distance Star" has called the cowherd and weaver girl husband and wife. Ying Shao "custom" Yi wen: "Zhinv Tanabata when crossing the river, make magpie bridge, legend has it that the magpie head without reason all Kun, because beam (note: bridge) to cross Zhinv also. The story has been preliminarily formed and combined with the Qixi Festival custom.

The legend of Meng Jiangnu originated from the record of Qi Liang's wife refusing to hang herself in the area of the Marquis of Qi and adhering to the rules of etiquette in the Zhuan. Later, it was added in the Dangong that "Duke Zhuang of Qi attacked Ju and took away (tunnel) and Qi Liang died. The weeping wife who greeted his coffin on the road is the archetype of the story. Han Liu Xiang's Biography of Liannu (IV) : "Qi Liangzhu died in battle, his wife cried in the city, ten days the city collapsed." And Tang (anonymous) "carved jade collection" record "Qin when Yan Qi Liang, married Meng Chao female Zhongzi wife, because good was built the Great Wall officials killed, Zhongzi cry under the Great Wall, the city collapsed. It is known that this legend was popular in the Tang Dynasty, but Meng Zhongzi and Qiliang were renamed Meng Jiangnv and Fan Xiliang in the legend. The story of Butterfly lovers first appeared in Tang's "Ten Taoist and Four Tibetan Records", which recorded the story of Liang and Zhu "having a taste of schoolmates" and "sharing the tomb". There are more detailed records in Xuanbaozhi of late Tang Zhang Reading. To the Ming Dynasty Feng Menglong's "Ancient and modern novels", and added to the British Taiwan confused belt, Liang Shanbo doubts and butterflies.

The story of White Snake came into being the latest. The origin of the story is as follows. It originates from the Three Towers of West Lake. To the Ming Dynasty Feng Menglong's "Lady White Forever Town Leifeng Pagoda" (" Warning Word "), the story has been preliminarily finalized.

An object has a mass of 2.63 g and a volume of 2.25 mL . What is its density,

Answers

Answer:

12

Explanation:

Answer:

1.168888g/ml

Explanation:

2.63 divided by 2.25 gives as 1.1688888

Part A Given the following decomposition reaction, calculate the moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2. 2 H2O2(1) 42 H2O(l) + O2(g) Express your answer with the appropriate units. TH, = Value Units Submit Request Answer

Answers

The moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2 are 64.47 moles. Answer: 64.47

Part A Given the following decomposition reaction, calculate the moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of

H2O2.2 H2O2(1) → 42 H2O(l) + O2(g)

Molar ratio between H2O2 and

H2O is 2:42 or 1:21.

Therefore, moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2 is:

Moles of water produced = Moles of H2O2 × 21/1 = 3.07 × 21 = 64.47 (approx)

Therefore, the moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2 are 64.47 moles.

Answer: 64.47

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Expressing the answer with the appropriate units, we have:

3.07 moles of water.

Moles of water: Moles of a substance are a measure of the amount of that substance present. It is a unit used in chemistry to quantify the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in a sample.

The balanced equation for the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide \(\rm(H_2O_2)\) is: \(\rm\[2H_2O_2(\ell) \rightarrow 2H_2O(\ell) + O_2(g)\]\)

According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, for every 2 moles of \(H_2O_2}\) consumed, 2 moles of \(H_2O\) are produced.

To calculate the moles of water \((H_2O)\) produced from 3.07 moles of \(H_2O_2\), we can set up a ratio: (3.07 moles \(\rm H_2O_2\)) x (2 moles \(\rm H_2O_\) / 2 moles \(\rm H_2O_2\)) = 3.07 moles \(\rm H_2O\)

Therefore, from 3.07 moles of \(\rm H_2O_2\), 3.07 moles of \(\rm H_2O\) are produced.

Thus, Expressing the answer with the appropriate units, we have:

3.07 moles of water.

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you need to make an aqueous solution of 0.180 m potassium sulfide for an experiment in lab, using a 300 ml volumetric flask. how much solid potassium sulfide should you add?

Answers

4.2228 g of solid potassium sulfide should be added to make an aqueous solution of 0.180 M potassium sulfide for an experiment in lab, using a 300 ml volumetric flask.

The given molarity of the aqueous solution of potassium sulfide is 0.180 M and the volume of the solution is 300 mL. We are required to find out the amount of solid potassium sulfide required to make the solution.

The formula to calculate the number of moles is: Number of moles = Molarity x Volume (in liters) 1. Convert the volume into liters.300 mL = 0.3 L2. Substitute the given values in the above formula.Number of moles = 0.180 M x 0.3 LNumber of moles = 0.054 mol3. The molecular formula of potassium sulfide is K2S. It means there are two moles of K for one mole of K2S. Hence, we can calculate the moles of K.Number of moles of K = 2 x 0.054

Number of moles of K = 0.108 mol4. The molar mass of K is 39.1 g/mol. Hence, we can calculate the mass of K required to make 0.108 mol.Number of grams of K = Number of moles x Molar massNumber of grams of K = 0.108 mol x 39.1 g/mol

Number of grams of K = 4.2228 g. Hence, 4.2228 g of solid potassium sulfide should be added to make an aqueous solution of 0.180 M potassium sulfide for an experiment in lab, using a 300 ml volumetric flask.

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Ammonium perchlorate NH4ClO4 is the solid rocket fuel used by the U.S. Space Shuttle. It reacts with itself to produce nitrogen gas N2, chlorine gas Cl2, oxygen gas O2, water H2O, and a great deal of energy. What mass of chlorine gas is produced by the reaction of 3.3g of ammonium perchlorate? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

Answers

Answer: 0.99 grams of chlorine gas is produced by the reaction of 3.3g of ammonium perchlorate

Explanation:

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:

\(\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}\)  

\(\text{Number of moles of } NH_4ClO_4=\frac{3.3g}{117.5g/mol}=0.028moles\)

The decomposition of ammonium perchlorate is :

\(2NH_4ClO_4\rightarrow Cl_2+N_2+2O_2+4H_2O\)

According to stoichiometry :

2 moles of \(NH_4ClO_4\) produce =  1 mole of \(Cl_2\)

Thus 0.028 moles of \(NH_4ClO_4\) produce=\(\frac{1}{2}\times 0.028=0.014moles\)  of \(Cl_2\)  

Mass of \(Cl_2=moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.014moles\times 71g/mol=0.99g\)

Thus 0.99 grams of chlorine gas is produced by the reaction of 3.3g of ammonium perchlorate

I NEED THIS ASAP!! Select all that apply.

Air pollution particles may be removed by _____.

oceans
natural cycles
soil
rain
snow
wind

Answers

Answer:

Natural Cycles

Explanation:

Most sulfur oxides are produced by burning: coal

Air pollution particles may be removed by _____. rain snow wind natural cycles

The three primary sources of air pollution are _____. factories cars electric power plants

The two basic types of air pollutants are _____. gases particulates

May I get brainliest please?

I'm pretty sure it's natural cycles, rain, snow, and wind.
If I'm wrong sorry.

Balance the chemical equation. Based on the equation, how many grams of bromine are produced by the complete reaction of 11 grams of potassium bromide?

Balance the chemical equation. Based on the equation, how many grams of bromine are produced by the complete

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation is Cl2 + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br2. The amount of bromine is calculated as follows:

11.0 g KBr (1mol KBr/119.002g KBr * 1mol Br2/2mol KBr * 159.808g Br2/1mol Br2= 7.39 g Br2.)

Balance the chemical equation. Based on the equation, how many grams of bromine are produced by the complete

exactly how many molecules of glucose must be oxidized in glycolysis to provide the input for 8 turns of the cac?

Answers

The equivalent of one glucose molecule is processed by the citric acid

2 turns.

Therefore, 4 glucose molecules must be oxidized to complete the cycle's 8 rotations.

The equivalent of one glucose molecule is processed during the course of 2 turns. Three high-energy NADH molecules and one high-energy FADH2 molecule are produced on each cycle turn.

There are eight key steps in the cycle. Diagram illustrates the citric acid cycle in its simplest form. Acetyl CoA first interacts with the four-carbon molecule oxaloacetate, losing the CoA group in the process, to create the six-carbon molecule citrate.

Two ATP molecules supply the necessary energy for the splitting of glucose. Energy is released during glycolysis, and this energy is utilized to create four molecules of ATP.

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Select the correct answer. Which statement about cellulose is true? A. It’s a synthetic polymer. B. It’s a raw material used to make plastic. C. It’s produced using oil and gas. D. It’s used to make paper products.

Answers

Answer:

It's used to make paper.

Explanation:

Plato answer.

Which of the following is not a type of covalent bond?
A. Polar
B. Double
C. Non-polar
D. Quadruple​

Answers

Answer:

letter b

Explanation:

I dunno if I'm right cuz I'm just a grade five sorry if this can't help

The average atomic mass of potassium is 39.098 amu. This element has 3 naturally occurring isotopes K-39, K-40, and K-41. Which is likely to be most abundant?

Answers

Answer:

k-39

Explanation:

also pls mark brainliest <3 :)))

Answer- k-39

Explanation:

it is the closest to the actual amu

3. A student placed artificial cells, each containing a 25% sugar solution, into three different beakers containing sugar solution which varied in concentration from 0% to 25%. The setups are shown below. The student collected data on the mass of each artificial cell. The student predicted that the cell in the beaker with 25% sugar solution would have the greatest change in mass after 24 hours. Would his prediction be correct? Support your answer.

Answers

The student collected data on the mass of each artificial cell. The student predicted that the cell in the beaker with 25% sugar solution would have the greatest change in mass after 24 hours. The student's prediction would be correct.

Why would the prediction of the experiment be correct?

The artificial cell placed in the beaker with 25% sugar solution would likely have the greatest change in mass after 24 hours because of osmosis.

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. In this case, the artificial cell has a semi-permeable membrane that allows water to pass through, but not sugar.

The 25% sugar solution in the beaker is less concentrated than the sugar solution inside the artificial cell, so water will move from the beaker into the cell, causing the cell to swell and increase in mass.

On the other hand, the artificial cells in the beakers with 0% and 12.5% sugar solutions will have less of a change in mass as the solution outside of the cell is more concentrated than inside the cell.

Therefore, the correct answer is as given above

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Aiyanna is wrapping gifts. She uses 6 in of ribbon on each gift. How many presents can she wrap of she has 13y of ribbon?

Answers

According to unit conversion and unitary method as  1 yard=12 inches and 1 gift is packed  with 6 inches of ribbon she can pack 26 gifts with 13 yards  of ribbon.

What is unit conversion?

Unit conversion is defined as a multi-step process which involves multiplication or a division operation by a numerical factor.The process of unit conversion requires selection of appropriate number of significant figures and the rounding off procedure.

It involves a conversion factor which is an expression for expressing the relationship between the two units.A conversion ratio always has value which equals to one which indicates that numerator and denominator have values which are expressed in different units.

As 1 yard =12 inches so 13 yards=13×12=156 inches .Aiyanna uses 6 inches of ribbon for 1 gift , so for 156 inches, 156/6=26 gifts can be packed.

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Solid aluminum hydroxide is added to a solution of potassium phosphite.
Give the following

Complete reaction

Complete ionic equation

Net ionic equation

Answers

Answer :

The complete balanced equation will be,

\(Al(OH)_3(aq)+K_3PO_3(aq)\rightarrow AlPO_3(s)+3KOH(aq)\)

The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,

\(Al^{3+}(aq)+3OH^{-}(aq)+3K^{+}(aq)+PO_3^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow AlPO_3(s)+2K^+(aq)+3OH^{-}(aq)\)

The net ionic equation will be,

\(Al^{3+}(aq)+PO_3^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow AlPO_3(s)\)

Explanation :

In the net ionic equations, we are not include the spectator ions in the equations.

Spectator ions : The ions present on reactant and product side which do not participate in a reactions. The same ions present on both the sides.

The complete balanced equation will be,

\(Al(OH)_3(aq)+K_3PO_3(aq)\rightarrow AlPO_3(s)+3KOH(aq)\)

The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,

\(Al^{3+}(aq)+3OH^{-}(aq)+3K^{+}(aq)+PO_3^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow AlPO_3(s)+2K^+(aq)+3OH^{-}(aq)\)

In this equation, \(K^+\text{ and }OH^-\) are the spectator ions.

By removing the spectator ions from the balanced ionic equation, we get the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation will be,

\(Al^{3+}(aq)+PO_3^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow AlPO_3(s)\)

a toxic gas can be formed by mixing hcl (hydrochloric acid) and kcn (potassium cyanide)

Answers

Mixing hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium cyanide (KCN) can indeed form a toxic gas. When HCl and KCN are combined, they react to form hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN).

Hydrogen cyanide is a highly toxic gas that can cause rapid asphyxiation due to its ability to bind to hemoglobin in the blood and prevent oxygen from being transported to the body's tissues. Inhaling even small amounts of hydrogen cyanide gas can be fatal.

It's important to note that this reaction should be handled with extreme caution, as both HCl and KCN are highly corrosive and toxic substances. It's not recommended to mix these substances, and if it is necessary to do so, appropriate safety precautions should be taken, such as wearing protective gear and handling the substances in a well-ventilated area.  

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What is the molecular formula of a compound that is composed of 94.1% O and 5.9% H with a molar mass of 34g

Answers

Answer:

H2O2

Explanation:

I know it's been awhile since the question was asked but for future people like me its H2O2 I got it right in the quiz.

The whole-number multiple is obtained by dividing its molar mass (34.02 g/mol) by the empirical formula mass. H₂O₂ is the molecular formula of a compound that is composed of 94.1% O and 5.9% H with a molar mass of 34g.

What is molar mass ?

The mass of a sample of a chemical compound divided by the quantity, or number of moles in the sample, measured in moles, is known as the molar mass of that compound. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

The mass of 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, or formula units of a material are equal to its molar mass, which is the mass of 1 mole of that substance represented in grams per mole.

Molar mass is a crucial factor to consider while planning an experiment. The molar mass enables you to calculate the quantity you should weigh out on your scale when testing theories that call for specified amounts of a material.

Thus, H₂O₂ is the molecular formula of a compound that is composed of 94.1% O and 5.9% H with a molar mass of 34g.

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cr2o72- which element is reduced in the reaction represented above, and how does its oxidation number change?

Answers

The oxidation number of chromium is +6. In the reaction, it is reduced, meaning its oxidation number decreases. The final oxidation number of chromium is +3.

In the reaction represented by the Cr₂O₇²⁻ ion, the element chromium (Cr) is reduced. Its oxidation number changes from +6 to +3.

In the Cr₂O₇²⁻  ion, each oxygen (O) atom has an oxidation number of -2. The overall charge of the ion is 2-, which means the total oxidation numbers of all the atoms should add up to -2. Since there are seven oxygen atoms, their total oxidation number is (-2) × 7 = -14.

To determine the oxidation number of chromium (Cr), we can set up the following equation;

2(Cr) + 7(-2) = -2

Simplifying the equation, we have;

2Cr - 14 = -2

By solving for Cr, we get;

2Cr = 12

Cr = 6

Initially, the oxidation number of chromium is +6. In the reaction, it is reduced, meaning its oxidation number decreases. The final oxidation number of chromium is +3.

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A horticulturalist wants to produce geraniums with specific characteristics.

She knows that the trait of red flowers is governed by the allele R (RR and Rr) and the trait of white flowers is governed by the allele r(rr).

The horticulturalist crosses two geraniums from the F1 generation.

Look at the Punnett square to see this cross.

R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr


Which ratio of red-to-white flowering plants would she expect to see in the phenotypes of the F2 generation?

all red

3 red : 1 white

1 red : 3 white

2 red : 2 white

Answers

Yo,

In Geranium plant life red vegetation is given by using the allele R this is dominant (so RR or Rr ) genotype will produce crimson plant life.

If we communicate approximately the connected punnet square which i took from the workout e book, you could see that there was a cross made among vegetation with heterozygous genotype for red flora.

P1: Rr X Rr

Gametes: R: r : R : r

F1: RR: Rr: Rr: rr

so there is three: 1 in F1 offspring for red to white plant life.

Now the query is set f2 technology, while we cross F1 generation suppose we do a move of Rr and rr from F1 generations allow us to see what takes place.

F1: Rr: rr

Gametes: R: r: r: R

F2 : Rr : rr: Rr: rr

Rr: purple flowers

rr: White flora:

So the ratio in F2 era might be 2 crimson : 2 white. Please see connected punnet squares (first one for query) and the second of F1 move for better know-how.

I'm hoping that this will benefit you, so from my assumption and study it'd be 2 crimson : 2 white, if this is indeed the one i'm thinking of since nothing else was provided, if not please correct me.

A horticulturalist wants to produce geraniums with specific characteristics.She knows that the trait

Answer: 2 red : 2 white

Explanation:

I know

What happens when two plates move alongside each other?

Answers

Answer:When two plates travel in the same direction, they intersect or collide. A convergent boundary is a collision between two plates that are traveling in the same direction. Large damaging earthquakes occur from the collision. The forming of massive folded mountains occurs as two continental plates collide.

Explanation:

Select the curve that is produced by adding hydrochloric acid to 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide.A,B,C or D

Select the curve that is produced by adding hydrochloric acid to 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide.A,B,C or

Answers

B

The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is a basic solution, so the pH of that solution should be close to 14

then when adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) we start to neutralice the solution, meaning the pH must sift slowly to lower pH.

Assuming both solutions have similar concentration the pH shall shift form basic (above 7) to acid pH (below 7). Until now both B and D images agreed with the explanation given. To chose between them we need to remember that HCl is a very strong acid, which means that in solution will get to very acid solutions (very low pH values) which leaves only B as possible answer

what will be the result of the reaction
(CH3COO)2+redP +Cl2

Answers

Answer:

(CH3COO)2 + redP + Cl2 → ClCH2COOH + HCl

Explanation:

This is an example of halogenation of carboxylic acids at alpha carbon atom. In this reaction, red phosphorus and chlorine are treated with carboxylic acids having alpha hydrogen atom followed by hydrolysis to form alpha chloro carboxylic acid.

When is pressure-volume work said to be done on a system?.

Answers

It’s pressure volume hope that works

what is the percent ionization of a 0.337 m hf solution? ka of hf is 3.5 x 10-4 .

Answers

The percent ionization of a 0.337 M HF solution can be calculated using the Ka of HF, which is 3.5 x 10-4.


The percentage oxidized indicates what proportion of the starting substance has been converted into ions.

As a result, we evaluate the concentration of the ion in solution by contrasting it to the initial concentration of the neutral species.

In a particular solution of a mild acid, the percentage of ionization will change depending on the initial concentration of the acid, and it will get lower as the concentration of the acid gets higher.


1. Write the ionization equilibrium expression for HF:
  HF ⇌ H+ + F-
  Ka = [H+][F-] / [HF]

2. Assume 'x' is the concentration of H+ and F- ions at equilibrium, so:
  Ka = (x)(x) / (0.337 - x)

3. Plug in the given Ka value (3.5 x 10^-4) and solve for 'x':
  3.5 x 10^-4 = (x)(x) / (0.337 - x)

4. Solving for 'x' using a calculator or a suitable approximation method, you will get the value of 'x', which represents the equilibrium concentration of H+ ions.

5. Calculate the percent ionization by dividing the concentration of H+ ions (x) by the initial concentration of HF (0.337 M) and multiplying by 100:
 
% ionization = (x / 0.337) x 100

Using this method, you can find the percent ionization of the 0.337 M HF solution.

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Q-3 Determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state od ethane where temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm.

Answers

The fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

Fugacity is a measure of the escaping tendency of a component in a mixture, which is defined as the pressure that the component would have if it obeyed ideal gas laws. It is used as a correction factor in the calculation of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties such as chemical potential. Here we need to determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm. So, using the formula of fugacity: f = P.exp(Δu/RT) Where P is the pressure of the system, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature of the system, Δu is the change in chemical potential of the system.  Δu = RT ln (f / P)The chemical potential at the initial state can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as: PV = nRT    

=>  P

= nRT/V

=> 20.4 atm

= nRT/V

=> n/V

= 20.4/RT The chemical potential of the system at the initial state is:

Δu1 = RT ln (f/P)

= RT ln (f/20.4) Also, we know that for a pure substance,

Δu = Δg. So,

Δg1 = Δu1 The change in pressure is 24 atm – 20.4 atm

= 3.6 atm At the second state, the pressure is 24 atm.

Using the ideal gas equation, n/V = 24/RT The chemical potential of the system at the second state is: Δu2 = RT ln (f/24) = RT ln (f/24) The change in chemical potential is Δu2 – Δu1 The change in chemical potential is

Δu2 – Δu1 = RT ln (f/24) – RT ln (f/20.4)

= RT ln [(f/24)/(f/20.4)]

= RT ln (20.4/24)

= - 0.0911 RT Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is:

f = P.exp(Δu/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δu1/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT) And, the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT. Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

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